tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22567916447372220012024-03-12T17:36:26.086-07:00ZO CULTURAL-cum-LITERATURE SOCIETY INDIAZOCULSIN is a non-profit voluntary organisation for preservation & development of Zo language.
NOTE: All the articles in this blog are copyrighted,retrieval, printing or copying them in any form without the prior permission of the author or ZOCULSIN is liable to be prosecuted under the Copy Right Act. Correspondence address: 15/28, Old Rajindernagar, New Delhi-110060, India. It is I.Tax exempt & eligible u/s 80G of IT Act 1961, for Donations.
E-MAIL: zoculsin@gmail.comUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger144125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-43472696560134653492013-04-15T03:54:00.002-07:002013-04-15T04:04:48.456-07:00Philip Thanglienmang has been awarded Doctorate of Philosophy by Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US">The Centre for Linguistics, School of Language, Literature & Cultural
Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New
Delhi-110067, India, has awarded Doctor of Philosophy upon Philip Thanglienmang
with effect April, 03rd, 2013. His Doctorate Thesis is titled “A Descriptive
Grammar of the Zo language” covering an ethnographical account and the detailed
grammar of the Zo/Zou language. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US">Dr Philip Thanglienmang is the fourth son of (L) Sub.Peter
Thangkhokâm Tungdim and (L) Mari Lienzanieng. He was born on 22nd, February in
the year 1964 at Singtom village, Chakpikarong sub-division, Chandel District,
Manipur(India). He did his primary schooling at St. Joseph’s School, Sugnu,
Manipur from 1970 to 1975. He completed matriculation from Loyola High School,
Jakhama, Nagaland, he secured 10th Rank in Nagaland Board of School Education in
1980, obtained distinction marks in Hygiene, Science and Geography subjects thereby he bagged the
Nagaland State Government Scholarship, and he passed out Pre-university Science
from St. Edmund’s College, Shillong in 1982. He graduated Bachelor of Civil
Engineering secured First class degree from Lukhdhirji Engineering College,
Morvi, Gujarat in the year 1986. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">* He served as Section Officer-Grade I in Manipur Public Works
Department under the Government of Manipur from 1987 onwards till his to the
rank of Assistant Engineer in June 1993 till 1996. He qualified in the UPSC Civil Service(Main)
Examination by opting Anthropology and
Geography subjects, was offered DANICS(Delhi, Daman & Diu, Dadra
Nagar, Andaman, Nicobar Islands Civil
Service); an IAS-allied service under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government
of India in 1996. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> * He founded the “Zo Cultural-cum-Literature Society India”(ZOCULSIN)in the year 1998 at New Delhi
to further the Zo/Zou language preservation and development.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">* He completed M.A (Linguistics) in the year 2007 from Annamalai
University, Tamilnadu. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">* He has written 10 books in Zo/Zou language, and more than 44 articles, papers, essays covering various topics and magazines.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">* He can be reached by this email- <a href="mailto:philipzo_64@rediffmail.com">philipzo_64@rediffmail.com</a> or <a href="mailto:mkaangzou@yahoo.com">mkaangzou@yahoo.com</a>, <a href="mailto:zoculsin@gmail.com">zoculsin@gmail.com</a>. Or mobile
91-9560457775</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">*
His works can be assessed from <a href="http://an-in.academia.edu/philipthanglienmangtungdim">http://an-in.academia.edu/philipthanglienmangtungdim</a>
, <a href="http://linguist.org/">http://linguist.org/</a>, <a href="http://zoculsin.blogspot.in/">http://zoculsin.blogspot.in/</a>
and <a href="http://mangkangzo.blogspot.com/">http://mangkangzo.blogspot.com/</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-2737553567345121632012-11-17T22:07:00.000-08:002012-11-17T22:07:32.215-08:00TEDIM HING KIPAT DAN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong style="line-height: 1.22em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.22em; outline: none;">PHAITU KHUO PAN KHAMPAT N01. A TENG PU. KHAM LIEN PAU@ PU. KHAM LIEN ANG GEN THU KHAT.</u></strong></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">TEDIM HING KIPAT DAN:- Nidang lai in, I ZO Pasal nih Gam navah in, tuami Tedim khuo kuom teng ah, Muolsang munkhat pan in, agal et gel leh (Tuamun sang pen tun amin THUOMVUM kichi hi) mun zang nou khat ah DIM OR BUOL a mugel a, tuomi DIM/BUOL(LAKE) pen Gamsa te tuidawn zong amugel hi.Tua sung ah amanih zong hoitah leh kichientah a, alim etkia ching gel leh Tuami DIM/BUOL(LAKE) pen aningkom pan in NISA(SUN LIGHT) in hing khawh suh in tuomi nisa vangtang (REFLECTION) in amit gel ahel sah hi.Tuanah amani zong hoihtah a, atha et kiaching gel leh mun kitawi leh Muollawm munnop mama mun amu gel a, Tuasung ah khuosat ding in, angkithu kim tagel hi.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Akhuo min ding angkikup tah ching gel leh TEDIM hisah vai angchi gel hi. Bangjieh in Adim tuibel zong ahiban ah tuomi dimtui pen Nisa (SUN LIGHT) in angkhawh chieng leh Amitgel ahahthei pahsih gel a, amit a nuoinuoi gel hi.Tampen nisa in hingkhawh in avah pen Telihleh maw ahi chieng leh ikhuo min ding in TE Nisa khawh na TE lihleh leh a DIMTUI tawh gawmkhom in TEDIM hisah lei hoiding hi chi in hingki thukim tuogel hi chi in PU.KHAM LIEN in eigen hi. Keizong tualeh I Unau SIM/TEDIM ten zong Dim ma achi uh hilou amah? kachi leh hilouhi Simte’n DIM PEN BUOL chi uh hi eichi hi. Simham siempen I zo sung ah tamvilbel ding ahi chieng leh theizaw va uhteh keipen in Siemmama nanleng Zahsawm sing bangjieh in kitel maw ding om khol salou kahi zieh in.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">TEDIM chipen izo ham akichien in genkia lei NISA KENG IN AKHAWH SUH DIMTUI AVAH KILEKIA PEN I ZO HAM (TE) Mangham in ( REFLECTION) Kawlham in (ALEN PYIEN)kichi hi. DIMTUI Mangham (LAKE) Kawlgam in ( GIKAN CHI) TEDIM PEN Mangham tawh Direct a leh ding hilei pen ( THE REFLECTION OF LAKE ) Suoh ding hi.Tuozieh in TEDIM china minpen pen ZO HAM/KAM ORIGINAL ngiet in kikhen tel thei hi. I unau Sim/Tedim te na phuoh hileh DIM pen BUOL chi uh ahijieh in TEBUOL chi in na phuoh kha ding uh hi.Tuazieh in TEDIM KHUO min kammal pen Zoham hi chi in kigen thei hi.</span><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">TEDIM KHUO HAM:- Hun leh nite hingpei touzel in mun tuomtuom pan in Tedim ah hing kiteng chiet in, minam tuom tuom, ZO, THADOU, VAIPHEI, GANGTE, FALAM, HAKHA, KAWL, SIM, MANGKANG TE chidan in hingki teng koikoi hi. Khuopi lien mama khat hing suoh hi. Tua sungah I unau SIM te pen atampen Majority pen leh akichingpen ahizieh un, atangpi in SIM ham pen TEDIM ham chi in hing kithei hi. Tuazieh in TEDIM ham om a, TEDIM minam pen omlou thei lou hi. Tedim minam ichi leh pen Tedim khuo a teng minam teng hing koh ding hi. Om sah nuom paupau nanlah chin a TAMAI (HISTORY) dingpen omthei lou suoh hi chi in PU. KHAM LIEN PAU @ PU. KHAMLIEN IN ei genpi ngai hi.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Tuazieh in tamthu pen thei huoi thukhat hi e chi in, aman leh aman lou ding pen eima mimal chiet in limsim chiet in ngaituo vai, akichien a, theizong om ding in ka um a tuaten hing correct kia ta un.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Mangpan leitungbup zotate hing kipumkhat sah semsem in alamdang thupha hing tung sah tahen.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">JOHNP ZO</span><span style="line-height: 1.22em;"> </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-40085561089020835592012-09-29T01:16:00.001-07:002012-11-10T18:01:20.726-08:00I HINA (OUR IDENTITY) I LAI/HAM (OUR LITERATURE) I POM, LETKHAN,ACCEPT LOU ZIEH IN KI THUTUO NA TAWM.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">I unau <b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ZBA in I ZOLAISEINGTHO / HOLY BIBLE</span></b> pen pawl khat in hing pom (Accept) in, Atam zawh in hingpom lou uh ahitajieh in, kipumkhat naleh kilungtuo na tampitah I ZO SUNG hingkekhe in akimuthei hi. Bangzieh in, ithu ila thakhat in,luongthei talou atamzawh te’n letkhanlou maw ihichiang izah manman kizang in, <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">KELTA THUMANG LOU</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> bang in isomchiat ah, ki omhi. Ahin tampen I Unau ZBA ngentang imawsah na hilou in, imimal chiat in ihi na uh ipomngam tahtah lou zieh zong ahihi. Izo sung ah ZBA pen atampen ahiban ah,thuthei mipilmisiem tam napen zong ahi a,Tuojieh in Imuon Isuon khat leh ikilet sahpi khat zong ahihi.Tuazieh in i Zo buppi in <b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">I Zolaisiengtho</b> pen aletkhan Accept thei nading leh thakhat zo tate iluongkhom thei nading abulpi pen ZBA tung siltampi kingah hi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">I ZO</span> buppi ikithutuo theilou na leh I thupha ngah theilou na abulpipen ahileh atamzawh in<span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ihina IZO HOLY BIBLE</span> angpom lou-uh chiangleh tuni dong IZO sung ah, Pasien phat na, thakhat pumkhat suothei lou hi. Ichinop na in, I ZO in labu/Laisiengtho O.T/N.T Thuhun tha Thuhun lui minam dangte tawh kibang a, standard tah a, neite ihi vua, Hinanaleh ei Kawlgam Burma lam a, I Bieh nalam makai mipil /misiem a ineite’n zang nuomlou pong san maw hi.Tuopen imapui dan uh amanlou na bulpipen ahihi. Tuopen IZO tate sung ah, Ikithu tuah zou lou na abulpipen <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">AHUIPI (THE MAIN ROOT )</span> ahihi. Tuoleh ZO laisiegtho O.T adang zawh zahding inei uh ama leh ?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">I Unau ZBA pan Sia, Mangkholien hing bawl khiet pen lah N.T Thuhun tha chiang beh hi nalai ahihi. Thuhun tha ngentang tawh Sermon piching theilou hi.Tuazieh in unaute aw ZO min in , minam lien/piching pi khat <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">IMANGPA’N</span> eina siem ta ngal a, <b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ZO ASSOCIATION, ZO SYNOD</span></b><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> leh ZO</span> minpuoh in kipawl khawm na Social organization/Religion organization lam hitaleh inei a, Hinanleh a <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">( MAIN ROOT AHUIPI/ ABULPI)</span> pen tunidong ithupha ngah na ding abulpi pen I zo Labu/Laisiengtho ihina tahtah i tutahtah ngam nailou zieh in I ZO sung ah, kipawl khawm na zousie Satan Devil in vaihawm nuom paipai hi. Tuomi Satan vaihawm na pen I laisiengtho matawh I deldawh ding ahibou hi. ZBA Founder pa Rev. Khamzamang na sep leh agah te chi laibu ka simsiang a, kathei khalou thu tampi kathei beh a, Kalung adam hi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">I HAM/I DAN KIBAH PI CHIA, I PANKHAWMPI TE EI SIMMAW NA THU:</u></b> Sim/Tedim te eisin maw bawldan leh eithang siet nate, Sia, Kamkhuothang leh TBA te eigot nate nasia kasa mama hi. I makai masate inam ading a, ana thuoh nate thupi kasa a, Manghil thei guolding ahisih hi. Pasal chipen tuobang ding ma ahihi ikhanguol pa tawh kisingam ding kideh ngam ding ahi iminam ading a,Ahin akhoh na kia khat ah Kamkhuothang leh TBA in tamzahtah a, eisinmaw eithangsiet na thu thangpai mama ei a,Sim/Tedim Labu/Laisiengtho i sahthei paupau leh i thupi bawl paupau maw pen ei kisimmaw nakawlkal ah ei kisin maw semsem hen i china tawh kibang kasa maw hi.A sung a thuteng te kasim chiang laisiengtho kitat-te zong ahoi a, Hinanleh Rev.Thomas Thangkhenmang atapa in I Zolaisingtho thuhun lui sung a laiteng ang gielhaw heisung I Zo laisiengtho pen anglah ahidiah mah?Athu tengpen I Zolaisiengtho tawh ka-et kah chaing kizawi tonsam in, Hinanleh Zolaisingtho lien hilou in, Aman ang kungtung translate/lethu ahidaih mah? ZO hampen suosam hi. Bangzieh in I ZO Pastor tampitah in izolaisiengtho pen kungtung le sathei maw hi tuopen nahi na kichet lou na ahihi.Pasien laisiengtho kungtung le adeih leh adieh loupen Sia,Pastor akinei hisam uh chin thei zawh ding in kang um uhhi ihina tahtah tawh imite hingpui un tuohi leh nangma zong minam dang ten nangpi muzawh ding a Imangpa pasien zong lungkim zawhding hi. Aw leh pasien in minamdang te laisiengtho nazangh zawnlen nang ma laisiegtho nasim chiang leh nangma deihdandan in nakung tung (Translate) leh len in chia, Kamsang houpi na angah uh ahita daih mah?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">LAISIENGTHO/LABU TE MINAM DANG ATE ZANG PAUPAU SIH VAI I THUPHA NGAHDING IN EI TAISAN KHA VA: </u></b>ZO ngentang kikhompen <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">MANGLAI/KAWL.SIM LAISIENGTHO</span> sim paupau in, ZO ham in kungtung le Translate den maw Sia pawlkhat omlai hi. I kigengen hun ahinon sih a, Lettuih Practical a zah hun ahita hi.I ZO te’n bang samsiet napi khat itan uh ahita a, eima hina thupi selou a, midang a, ngentang ithupi bawl maw ata daih?Thu lamdang pi khat hi. <b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">MIZORAM </span>President pa </b><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">PU.LALDENG</span> in Mangkang te kung thu agen a, angai mangkang te hinanleh </b><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">LUSEI HAM IN LAISIENGTHO SIM A, </span>translate/lekia na ah mangkam in gen hi.Minam dang te ahina uh azumpi sih vua, akisahthei pi uh hi.Miten zahtat pai uh hi. Ei pen tuokihilou in minamdang khat ham kithei sah ihidaih mah aw leh eimaleh eima kitellou ihizawh diah mah?</b> Ken manglai/kawl lai kathei hi ichi na-uh ahita daihmah izawh? Imangpa jesu in miham tawh amaphat ding pen adeih zawh ahita diah mah izawh? Tuojieh in ZO in ZOlai isim/isah thei sihmaw leh koi-in eisimpi a, eizahpih tamaw ding adiah ?, ZO tate ikithuo zoulou na aphi Answer bangma dang hivotsih ve aw. Tammi a bulpipen I ZO laisiengtho /labu ikituo lou zieh leh ipasien phatdan Ibieh na / Sakhuo biehdan kituo loujieh ahihi. Adieh dieh in <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">KAWL LAI BURMESE</span> atawp na ah Kawllai zong Common language chita vai Sim/Tedim lai in i kizawh sah <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">(INFLUENCE)</span> jieh zong ahi pipen hi.<b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"></u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> </span><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">MINAM DANG TE LAISIENGTHO PEN ZO A HILOU HI:</u></b> Sim hampen ZOham hiloupi I ZO pawlkhat in imaw sihpi ngam sonlai zang ahi hi.Tuote pen ka ginat lou na tachiang hi chie talang te ihihi. Eiham loupi eiham a, ithuot khajieh ahibou hi. Tuojieh in amasapen in ka <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ZO LAISIENGTHO/LABU te KA HINA My Identity HI CHIN, POM, LETKHAN, ACCEPT PHOT VAI</span> Tuachi-in i sim thanuom tanuom tading a, kawllang ham phailang ham hing omnon sih van ka Zolaisiengtho ma hibou e chin teltahtah lei ideih na leh isimnop na te zong hingkhang ding hi.kahina hi chin Pom/Letkhan tahtah phot lei amanlou pi ahken hinanleh kahi na chia ipomphot na leh isimsiemlou phamaw ahihi, Tuohilou a iletkhan thei naisih a ahileh pen amawh na omlou pi amawh na isuimaw ding hi.Tam ichichiang leh minamdang te laisiangtho pai pai vai china hilou a, eima siem lou pi a, minamdang te ipibawl I angpom khamaw pen akile bul isuoh ta hi,minam dang te a zong theiding ma hi a, hinanleh eima siem masah ding chi na pen mihi na ahiban ah,misin maw zong kitang lou ding hi,eima ithei zawh chiang leh midang atezong kan leihla ding ma ahi a, tuopen peidan man leh thudih ahihi.Eima thei lou pi in minamdang te a theisawm sihvai, zo hinuom non sing kamin deihnon sing mihau min khattawh khel tavang chi omthei lou hi,Namin pen napu napa na nu ten Pigui Pugui zui a, na anaphuoh pen maw khel thei nonsih teh tuomabang in ihina zo pen nakhel nuommama zong in nakhelthei nonsih ding hi,tuojieh in ihina minamdang ten eizuipih nading leh eizahtat pih nading in eiman zahtat Respect in zui in kisin vai,Eikhangtha ten ihina manghil lou in Izo laisiengtho labu te isimthei sih leh zong ikisin tha kia ding vua,ineisih leh zong aomom na mun ah isui ding uh hi.tuo hileh Pasien in nahi na ihina izatat napen ithupha ngah nading ahibou hi,Nangthupha nangah a, na Innkuon in thupha angah leh tuopen minam khangtou leh Pasien thupha ngah minam kichi hi,thupha ngah chichiang leh inam buppi a pasien in eidop hilou a, khat thupha ngah na Innkuon khat thupha ngah na zousie akigawm chiang leh tuopen achi anam buppi in thungah ahi bou hi,Tuojieh in ihina Pom/Lekhan phot phot lei ithupha kot pen hing kihong pang ding ahi nabou hi,Na letkhansih leh nagen ding nasap ding hingtam va,na letkhansih leh tam anei a, gentehna ipieh bang in hing om teitei ding hi,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Gentehna'n:</b> Amaw nasuiding dan ahileh tampen Sahlam hambou i zoham in tambang omsih simha bou ahisihleh ateng gawm man sih chibang dan in amaw na isuipaupau ding uh hi,Tua pen bang ahei ichi leh kahina hi chia i Pom tahtah ngamlou jieh leh ihina mite masang a,i zumpi ngamtahtah lou jieh zong himai thei hi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><u style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">SIEM LOU SASA A MIHAM I ZAH PAUPAU PEN: </u></b>Nahi na,ngaina kim dan kim a pasien in angpieh kimlai pen nahi nasinmaw leh nahi na zang nuomlou na hileh Pasien in nikhat niching leh nakung tung thu ahingkhen ngeignei ding hi kipil vang in,Pasien in nalim namel angsiem pen hoising chin, nanu/pa kung ah kapkap hinan lachin kikhel thei nonsih ding a, ahingsiem pa I Mangpa jesu asinmaw<span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> </span>nasuoding hi, Siemlou sasa a, miham zangleh mihina vahinuom chipen kichin la nabulpi pen khat leh mot na ahiban ah minam dang te hamsiemlou sasa a, nazah nasim amanlou pi pen amate sinmaw zong nasuoh ding hi,Langkhat kia ah chilei amate uh nasung ah omden lai chi na zong ahihi.Aham alai nazah nasahthei minam te <b style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">suoh leh sal</b> Labours and Slavery (ChuonBawah) sung pan tanailou china zong nahi nalai hi.Ipasien bieh pieh na I Laisiengtho Labu zahte pen minam dang a izahzah chiang leh eingah ding thupha pen amaten nakingah lel uh ahi h.I ham/IKam teng<span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> </span>pen Pasien phat na vauzah/Niang tah a, zahding ahi hi.Tuopen thupha hingkipat na ding ahi bou hi,Eite pen tuo hizawh lou in minamdang te ham tawh Pasien iphat vua,Eima zo ham pen nupi pawlkhat awsie suoh nan izang ivau.Niang sah maw uh hi,Tuojieh tamte mama zong khel huoi mama ahita hi.I zo ham mama tawh Pasien phat na nei in I omom na chiet ah I ZO lai i zolaisiengtho izolabu chite ningkoi nonlou in front amailam ah ikoi tading vua, I zangtahtah tading uh hi.Mundang gam ahpen thei sing Malaysia a koikoi Pastor,Rev,Sia heisung sung pan hingpei ten zolaisiengtho Holy bible ma hingzang hingsim hingtawi koikoi lachin nathu lut pan ding hi.Zo tesung a, thugen lasa in Sim/Kawl,Mang pou hing zang koi viel nonsin namai zumnop sih a ahileh Tulai khangtha ten zo it na leh IMangpa pasien it na pen kinei thei ta hi,Siem lou sasa in miham tawh Hingham koi viel ding diang non sin,Na hina sung ah hitahtah in I MANGPA PASIEN DEIH NA AHZAWH HI.Tam pen minam vai hikoi lou in nahina ihi na sung thu kigen ahihi.Paisien sung ah minam tuomtuom omsih chikoi viel sin,Mipiengtha mipil misien ten amipi leh a u anau a Innsung mite ma khuol masa pen hi.<span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"> </span>Tunia atelsiem ding in I MANGPA pasien atha in I lung sim hing hong ta hen. <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ZO leh ZO </span>pawlkhat Pasien phat hunbawl khawm pen Kawl/Sim laisiengtho sim paupau chipen pasien ikilapsan na leh i minam isin maw na ahibou hi. Aw leh ken Kawl, Mang , Sim laisiengtho kasim thei hi.Minam dang level in katai hi kichi ihi-diah mah?Atah tah in limtah ngaituo hen hilei ihina om a, mihi na vahi sawmpaupau chipen <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">VA-AH UTONG A KIBAWL PAUPAU</span> ihi hi. Tuojeih in ZO laisiengtho om hi OT/NT minei bang in kinei hi. Neisihlei izo in laisiengtho nangon nei talawm sih a chia ei leh ei kisin maw masa dingte ihihi.Tuojieh in tunia apat in, kahi na hibou chin pom tahtah tavai. Amasapen in <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ANG POM/LETKHAN/ACCEPT</span> phot vai tuo hileh i nam buppi in i hin dan ang kiduol tading a, i vaihawm na zousie ah zong <span style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">IMANGPA’N</span> eipanpi ta ding hi. Hi ladeu i chi namunte a om leh free discussion kinei tuo zel va vui I mi nam khantou nading leh i kipum khat thei nading kadeih na bulpi penahihi. Mailam ah aban kikum touzel va vui. Mangpa Zotate thupha hing peta hen.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Ka lungdam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Mangpa lengga huon a, na naseppi uh.<br style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;" />Sia. JohnPauno (zo)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">ZCF Chera Pawlpi Kem.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Mobile:-012-2547914.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-large; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Email: <a href="http://us.mc1628.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jpzokakhu2011@gmail.com" rel="nofollow" style="color: #003399; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:jpzokakhu2011@gmail.com">jpzokakhu2011@gmail.com</a><br style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;" />Malaysia</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-49170023352533037292012-09-12T02:10:00.000-07:002012-09-12T02:10:00.397-07:00ZO kici pen<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong>Mungpi Suantak, Washington DC</strong></div>
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ZO kici pen, tu niin historically prove (akigielsa Taangthu Tuonthu) aom lo hang in, ZO akici mihingte om ihi man in, hun khatlai akipan, tami mihingte na omzo ci kimu thei hi. ZO tawh kisai in, i ut ut uh gen kawi kawi tamaselei, Historically correct kici theilo aa, ahihang, ZO tate omlo zong akici thei tuon sihhi. Historically correct ahilona pen, Historical & scientifically research (Taangthu Tuon Thu kaan) abawl zo iom nailo zie</div>
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ahihi. Tua ahizie in, ko pen, mimasa, PUZO Suon, cibangte tawh iki uong sah ding ahisih aa, infallible fact (aki khiello ding thu) khat ahileh, tu leh tu in ZO kici mihing te om hi cipen, koiman ei ngiel zolo ding hi. Tualo Taangthu Tuonthuu aa ipat leh, prove ipie ding pen, kaam aa gensawn te tawh, tuhun cieng in kinga nawnlo hi.</div>
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Bang bang hitaleh, ZO kici mite pen, ei thei hun cieng cieng aa ana omte ahi aa, Min dang puom dan tawh anakihante ahilo lam pen, tuni dong cieng ma ahihi. Tammi thu pen, ei ZO tate ading aa Uniqueness (mitawh kibanglo aa ilamdanna) ahihi. Sanggam Tedim te hitaleh Chin akicite min leh puom tuom tuom ananei uhhi. Khatveileh akhuominpo tawh kimin vaw uh aa, khatveileh Taangthu tuonthu omlo tepi giel in, amau ii pien khietna thu (History) adei bang pi uh agile koi koi hang, ei ZO tate pen, tuni dong cieng ma, hei sung hei sung ah om nan lei, ii Khuo ii tui te haw potaw kimin vawlo in, ZO ma akicite ihi uhhi.</div>
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Hunsah khat lai in, Sanggam Tedim ten Khamtung mi zo sie kihatna Chin kici utlo in, akhuo uh ah thupisah uh aa, amau leh amau pen Teddim mi ang kici uhhi. Tuabeh thamlo in amang ngai nawnlo ding Teddim Laisiantho, Teddim Ladu cite ang bawl uhhi. Ahihang, tuni tah cieng in, Tedim mi akici ding pen an gut nawnlo kia aa, ZOMI ang kici nuom kia uh ahihi. Terminology (minhat dan) ma ma zong akikumkal ahi ZOMI MINAM cipen, tun ang lim zah bilbel uhhi. ZO te pen mihingte ahi zie in, eite pen, ZO Mite ihi uh aa, ahihang eite tawh bawng khat sung ah om nuomlo uh ahi cieng aa, alaiteng pen, ZOMI MINAM ciin, ang bawl tawm uh ahihi.</div>
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Ei ZO te cieng aa, mihing ahisa te ihi nadung zui in, mi ci kammal belam kullo aa, ZO beh ikici uh pen, ei ii Uniqueness (mitawh kibahlona) thu<br />ahihi.</div>
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Mailam ah adahyuoi thei ding thu:</div>
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Hi’in, ei ZO te pen, bangma Historical prove aom in aom tasih zong in, ihina uh ikep cing lai sie ZO tate tammi lei tung ah mangthanglo ding ahihi. Ahihang, ei maan ikemcing nopsih leh, tammi leitung ah minam mangthang ani ni in om den ahi cilam iteel siem kul hi.</div>
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Ei ZO tate sung ah, ada huoi ma ma thu khat leh, mailam aa ding aa zau huoi ma ma thu khat ahileh, ZO tawh nasepna te sang aa Khuo min po tawh gamtat nopna lungtang inei ding uh pen, a zau huoi leh, mailam aa ding aa ada huoi ma ma thu khat ahihi. Tu niin, tam thu kagen na in, ei sung ah, tua bang dan lung khainopna thu om kiau kiau ta ahi zie aa kang gen ahihi. Koima condemn (gensie) hising in, tu leh tu in, ii mu ding ah, ZO mintawh na akibawl cieng aa ilawp naleh khuomin tawh na ii sem tetung aa ilapna kibang lo ahihi. Adiei in, Sanggam Phaitu khuo pieng te sung ah khau sap ha dieh ing. Bang ding ahei cileh, a ZO ma ma zong ivehpi in kigawmleh bangma za phanailo beh thamlo in, mipil misiem zo minamdangte za om nailo kawm kal ah tambang aa, khuo leh be leh phung tawh itai uh leh, ZO te ii mailam ding pen, mukholsa ahihi. Phaitute kacina pen, amau akoleh asimmau gen ka hisih aa, tu ma ma in zong ZO NGAINA PAWIPI pen, zo dang teng zo sie ii concensus (thukimna) omlo pi in bawl ding te kisawm aa, tua beh thamlo in, ning kum (2011 UZO) kumcin pawi ah bang, Phaitu ten president ngalo ding hileh akhuo uh aa kipuo sawm valia uh cidante ithei cieng in, khuotai nopna lungsim aneilam uh kitel siem hi.</div>
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Aban ah, Tuikhal te zop to kia hi. USA gam ah UZO kipawlna omzo beh thamlo in, ii State kim ah UZO branch te om hi napiin, USA gam bup Tuikhaal kipawlna cite pen, thuhoi ahisih hi. Bang ding ahei cileh, USA a state dung zui aa, ZO tate nasepna ding sang in, Tuikhaal khuomin awh nasep ding pen, akilawp zaw lam ki mu thei hi.</div>
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Tuabangte ang hitah cieng in, Khampat te ang kipan kia ta sawn sawn hi. Khampat te pen, mite’n zong khuo kipawlna anei uh leh ei in zong ii nei sam sih ding amah cina tawh kipawl ahi uhhi.</div>
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Itel siem ma ma ding thu khat ah, tam teng pen USA gam ahi aa, Malaysia gam hilo, ahicieng in, Malaysia tawn dan pitawh ii tawn sawn leh, ei ma leh eima sup na ikitun ding ahihi.</div>
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Tambang in, akhuo khuo tawh nasem ciet ding in, ikhuo ciet thupisah lei, abeisa hun lai aa, Sanggam Teddim te Saizaang te, Teizaangte leh Sizaang te ibah nading thu ahihi.</div>
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Bang dang gen ding omlo ZO kici sung ah kip um khat in, akhuo khuo aa, puo ding leh vai hawm ding aom te pen, ZO min ma tawh (nang bang khuo kicilo ding in) sem khawm cietlei picin na ahizaw ding hi.</div>
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Tuabang dan aa, ilungsimte uh ikhai khawm theileh, ZO te ii Uniqueness (mitawh ii kibahlo, ii thupitna) pen akem cing zo te ihi ding uhhi, ciin<br />ken ka mu dan pawl khat ang kikuppi ing ei.</div>
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Tamza ci phot vai ei,</div>
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Lungdam!</div>
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<strong><em>ZouWorkshop apat kilasawn</em></strong></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-40450392541423830642012-09-12T02:08:00.002-07:002012-09-12T02:10:30.735-07:00Zo leh Zou Pumkhatna Diinga Ketot Thupi (A Fundamental Step to Zo and Zou Unification) Centralized Zo/Zou Literature Society<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Zo leh Zou Pumkhatna Diinga Ketot Thupi (A Fundamental Step to Zo and Zou Unification) Centralized Zo/Zou Literature Society</h1>
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Posted by <a href="http://zolengthe.net/author/Pupu%20Zou/" rel="author" title="Posts by admin">admin</a> On 16 Jan 2009 | Under Uncategorized <b>Tags:</b> <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou/" rel="tag">zou</a>, <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou-culture/" rel="tag">Zou Culture</a>, <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou-custom/" rel="tag">Zou Custom</a>, <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou-defence-volunteer/" rel="tag">Zou Defence Volunteer</a>, <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou-gaal/" rel="tag">Zou gaal</a>, <a href="http://zolengthe.net/tag/zou-people-in-india/" rel="tag">ZOu people in India</a> | | View 273 Times </div>
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- Khai Minthang<br />
Thupatna: November 03, 2008 ni’a ka blog a Nangpi thugel, “U Khai, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=19.75,96.1&spn=10.0,10.0&q=19.75,96.1%20%28Burma%29&t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Burma">Burma</a> lam i minam ZO teng tawh kizop nate hinghoi to nang in, i kipum khat thei nang in, PUZO Site ading Article te hing at tam to <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=34.17,77.58&spn=0.1,0.1&q=34.17,77.58%20%28Leh%29&t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Leh">leh</a>” ka ngaisut chiengin ka lungsim sungah thu-le-laa phabepkhat ang kikaikhawm dendun hi. <br />
<span class="fullpost">Ka ngaisutna masapen ahileh eite khu luipi pangkhat tuoh a khosa, khatlang leh khatlang kikawmtuo theina diing lah gunkuong bawl theilou, lei zong daw theilou, hilezong gunkuong khat umleh luigal khatlang a haw diinga mansa, lei kidaw leh azui diinga mansa chidan a um hilei kilawm kasa hi. Ka ngaidan in gunkuong sui diing khutsiemte kisam, lei bawl diing engineer-te kisam ahimaw chi ngaidan ang pie hi. Tua kang kisahna pen gunkuong sui diinga kithawi hilou leh lei bawl diinga kithawi hilou in <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" rel="wikipedia" title="English language">English</a> te chidan phuat hileh “Blue Print or Master Plan” themkhat hing kupsawm kahizaw hi. Kei geldan leh ngaidan maimaite tawh kipat diing hisam lou in Zou vontawite’n i siemnate uh i gawmkhawm zou chieng ua i geelna (planning) uh isep diing uh ahi nabou hi. <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=21.0,78.0&spn=10.0,10.0&q=21.0,78.0%20%28India%29&t=h" rel="geolocation" title="India">India</a> langa Zou vontawi 22,000 tuom umte leh Burma langa <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo_%28people%29" rel="wikipedia" title="Zo (people)">Zo</a> vontawi 61,000 tuom umte kigawm lei 83,000 tuom ipha uhi.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Kitheichetna leh Nam Iitna:</span> <br />
Tanglai a laphuotu khat in tambang in ana phuo hi: “Eiteng khawlkhawm, atuom umlou, vannuoi chipeu Khul a pieng, Tuunsung khat pan pieng hi ngei ngei ee. Tuunsung khat pan pieng hi ngei ngei ee,Suopi sanggam laigui zawngkhawm hi ngei ngei ee” ana chi hi. Tam pen i suutpi uh ahi zing diing ahi. Tami tah tenga key word a mutheite ahileh – Khul, Tuunsung khat leh Laigui zawngkhawm chite ahi uhi. India, Burma leh mun dang dang ah khosa in um lei zong i “Tuunsung khat leh laigui zawngkhawm” ihina in ang gawm zing diing ahia, ihina uleh inam uh ithei zing diing uh ahi hi. Khatteng in namdangte leh mituomte tawh i umkhawm chiengun i Zou hina uh i mangsah dihdih zeel ua, tuapen adih sih hi.<br />
Tualeh Zou nam iitna hilchetna (definition) uh etphathuoi kasahna khat aum hi. Nam a diinga shi ngamna khu nam iitna danin ila ua, nam a diinga hing lou a shi mai diing khu iitna thupi in ila uhi. Adihna themkhat vang um nanleh dihkim kasa sih hi. I nampi’n i shisan uh adeipen hilou in i damsung ua i silbawlte uleh i nasepte uh adeizaw hi. Zou vontawi kichi khat phot ahun dungzui a shi diinga kipumpieh ngam (volunteer at the call of duty) ihi uhi. Hilezong Zou vontawite galneilou leh huhamloute ihi zieh un i nampi a diinga shi sangin i nampi a diinga hintheina khu a poimawzaw tham a, khantouna tawh zong a kinai mama hi. Nampi iit tahtah ihileh i teenkhawmpi Zou vontawite mama iitpai in annkhing tuibuuh kikhol in, nopni-daani in kinoppi-kidaapi in, panpi ngaite panpi lei nam iitna suhlatna ahizaw tham hi. Tulai in tami rhetoric pen a kihazah mama a, <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zogam" rel="wikipedia" title="Zogam">Zogam</a> itt in Zomite iitlou, UZO iit in UZO mi-le-sate iitlou chite atamta hi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ngaina leh Tawndan Kepbitna:</span> <br />
Heisung heisungah um leizong i ngaina uleh i tawndante uh i lungsim sung ua i mansah lou diing uh ahia, i tu-le-tate khang bana ahing khang sawnsawn diingte muthei diing leh theithei diinga laibu a bawl a, kam a zong genthaw a, zahthei ahina zousie a atamthei pen a zah diing ahoi hi. Custom leh moral culture ineite uh theisiem a, kepbit diing ahoi hi. I custom uh khu danbu (constitution) ahia, ahun ahun a siemphatna (amendment) bawl zelzel diing ahi hi. Tami custom khu heimun heimun ah umta lei zong agam leh khantouna tawh kituoh a siemphatna bulpite’n abawl dungzui ua zah chiet diing ahi hi. Tam pen Zou ihina i lahsahna (demonstration) thupipen ahi hi. Zou sihsan a pieng hi-ngal a Zou custom zangloute khu mimangthangte ahi uhi. I pienpi shisan khu i nam hina uh ahia, i custom uh khu i hina uh lahsahna ahi hi.<br />
Culture ichi chiengin tami china chet/lien ahi chithei aum sih hi. Culture pen kikhin kawikawi, ahun ahun a deidan leh peidan genna in akizang zaw hi. Khanglui lai in tangvalte khu “Haam” ah ana gieh ua, tua khu “Haam culture” zong chithei ahipai a, nungah leh tangvalte a kihel chieng ua nungahte’n a tangvalte uh sam atumsah uleh azu-asa alup zousie uzong tuahun laia (Contemporary) diinga “Romantic (classical) culture” a kichithei kia veve hi. Tuhun chiengin thau tawi a thau thahatna tawh mite soisa, sum ngen, etc. chite khu “Gun culture” a kichi kia veve hi. Tuaziehin, culture ichi penin mong aneisih china ahimai hi. Moral culture ichi chiengun “Sielephatheina a tawndan” chilei a kituoh pen diingin ka gingta a, a lelang ah “Umdanhoi leh umdanhoiloute tawndan” chilei zong ahithei kawikawi hi.<br />
Khangluite apat a inga/luosawn pen uh moral tradition chilei adih kia diing hi. Moral tradition tawh kisai in Zou vontawite’n kepbit diing tampi inei uhi. Khangluite apat a ina luosawn uh (moral tradition) – Gamtat-khoheidan kilawm, ham-le-paudan kilawm, Lungsim putdan kilawm, Hawmsiemdan leh tha-le-zung piehdan kilawm chite i Zou community sungah a mangthang hiei-hieita hi. Upate zatatna chite, Nu-le-pa zatatna leh thumanna chite, Meithai-taga panpina chite, Zin-le-leeng idou siemna chite, Sa tuituoh-nga tuituoh inei nia insah innhang ahiei i-u-inau kikhol chite khu moral tradition ahi uhi. Tam banga moral tradition ineisa uh mangthangsah lou a hoitah zahsiem diing khu Zou nampi gilkielna ahia, Zou vontawite a diinga hin ngamna kachi pen ahi hi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Laimal Sangin Hamzah leh Laigeldan Poimawzaw:</span> <br />
Kei ngaidan in Zo leh Zou ah bangma buoina aum in kathei sih a, gamkuom khat in spelling a zahdan hizaw in kathei hi. India langate’n ZOU chia a kigel vangun <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi" rel="wikipedia" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-te china ahisih a, English-te china zong ahi dieh sih a, Arab-te china zong ahidieh sih hi. Tuama bangin Burma langate’n ZO chia agel vangun <a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=35.6833333333,139.766666667&spn=10.0,10.0&q=35.6833333333,139.766666667%20%28Japan%29&t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Japan">Japan</a>-te china ahisih a, Korea-te china zong ahisam sih a, British-te china zong ahituomsih hi. Tuaziehin, ZO ichi ua, ZOU ichi zong un, “Eiteng khawlkhawm, atuom umlou, vannuoi chipeu Khul a pieng, Tuunsung khat pan pieng hi ngei ngei ee. Tuunsung khat pan pieng hi ngei ngei ee, Suopi sanggam laigui zawngkhawm hi ngei ngei ee” te china ahi veve hi. Tami pen “dihsih-dihmah” chia ibuoi laisie i maban kisem theilou diing abang hi. Eh, kisem theilou diing bang hi maimai lou in kisem theilou tahtah diing ahi hi. “O” ahiei “OU” in Zou hina khensat hilou in i laigui in i Zou hina a khensat ahizaw hi. Zou laigui aw nahi a, Zou shisan a pieng nahileh “O” leh “OU” zang in zang sih lechin zong na na suon-le-haah suina chii (<a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" rel="wikipedia" title="DNA">DNA</a>) khu ZOU or ZO ahi veve hi. “O” leh “OU” zat leh zatlou zieh a ZOU hina mang diing chipen pasal khat in toka pawl ateen zieh ahiei, numei khat in niih san penpom khat a teen zieh a Zo/Zou ahina apat a nawsuoh diing tawh kibang kasa lel hi.<br />
Tuasanga thupizaw ahileh hamzahdan ahi in kamu hi. India langa Zoham dihloute – <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.amazon.com/Politics-Sebastien-Tellier/dp/B0000E1AM4%3FSubscriptionId%3D0G81C5DAZ03ZR9WH9X82%26tag%3Dzemanta-20%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3DB0000E1AM4" rel="amazon" title="Politics">Politics</a> (Kumpivai/politics), Kaam (sepna/job), chalak (zuou/lie), Gohori (???/Watch), Rel (Meileng/Train), Post Office (Laihah inn/zum), etc. chite ahi hi. Burma langa Zoham dihloute ahileh Nainganyi (Kumpivai/Politics), Batayi (Biehnavai/Religion), Padenpauh (Tollet/window), Tapidaw (Gingtute/believers), Senpi (Hoi/Good or OK), Sai (Vanzuahna/Store), etc. chite ahi hi. Zou chiet chiet ihi vangin India leh Burma langate i houlim chiengun hamzah kithei zoulou atamta mama hi. India langate’n, “Burma langate’n Kawlham (Burmese) tawh mehpawl siengta” uh ichi ua, Burma langate’n lah, “India langate’n Kalaham (Hindi) tawh mehpawl siengta” ang chi veve uhi. Tamdan hi zengzung ahia, hoitah leh standard wording or vocabulary inei uh a kisam mamata hi. Tami thu i buoipi sih uleh tu’n chikhat namkhat hi in, laigui zawngkhawm hinanlei khatvei chieng in i houlim thei nawnsih diing uh abahna khat um kasa hi. Tuaziehin, spelling vai in buoibuoi nawnlou in ihamte uh sawpsieng/seepchiil phot pouma lei hoiva chi khu ka ngaidan ahi hi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Centralized Zou Literature Society:</span> <br />
Centralized Zou Literature Society nei in i spelling zahdan tawh laibu sun lei India langa Zou hiin Burma langa Zo hitaleh isimthei chiet diingun ka gingta hi. Aziehpen i buoina uh alphabet (laimal) O/OU leh C/CH ahia, dipthong (vowel ni kigawm) IA/IE leh UA/UO ahi hi. Tamte pen theila diing aum sih a, i kitheisah nuomsih uh chi manthu ahilel hi. “Zo” chilei zong isimthei ua, “Zou” chilei zong isimthei veve ua, a khietna (meaning) zong itheimaw sih uhi. “Siengthou” chi’n “siangthou” chilei zong a isimthei ban uah a khietna (meaning) khu “clean/holy” china ahi chi theimaw diing aum tuonsih hi. Tuasanga isimthei vang ua a khietna itheilou diing uh India langate’n Kaam, Chalak, Rel, etc. chite leh Burma langate’n Nainganyi, Batayi, Lumuhyi, Sai, Senpi, etc. chite ahizaw hi. Tuaziehin, laibu bawltu in a spelling deidan pen azah a, laikhetna/laisutna khawlpi a sut a, India leh Burma a Zou vontawite umna zousie a hawmzah leh zah diing hileh guolnua-guolma ipha theizaw diing uhi. Alphabet, vowel leh consonant izahdan a i buoinate pen Centralized Zou Literature Society a diinga buoipi nina (stage two) diing ahia, buoipi diing khatna a buoi masalou a anina a buoite khu lou vat nailou a taangbuuh/annbuuh bawl masate tawh kibang kasa hi. I taangbuuh let leh neu dana i lou i let leh nau sah diing hilou in i lou a ann laahdan dungzui a i taangbuuh i bawl diing ahizaw hi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Zou Laigeldan Dih:</span> <br />
Laigeldan dih i poimaw mama uhi. Gelthei hitana chia thuteng khat (one word) khat pen a lawdan (syllable) a thuteng khat khat a gel zong adih sih a, thuteng ni-le-thum gawmkhawm zengzung zong adih dieh sih hi. Etsahna: “Siengthou” chi khu “Holy” china ahia, adjective (Noun hilchientu) ahi hi. “Sienthouna” khu “Holiness” china ahia, noun ahi hi. “Sieng thou” chia gel diing ahisih a, “Sien thou na” chia gel diing zong ahi dieh sih hi. Adjective a “Holy” chia kigiel pen noun ang hi chiengin “Holiness” chi’n “y” tangin “i” in ang kihengta hi. Tuamabangin Zoham ah zong “Siengthou” khu “Siengthouna” hilou in “Sienthouna” chi’n ang kigielta hi. Parts of speech in i spelling zahdan a heng lamdang tuom mama hi. Etsahna: “Khuo” chi pen “Khuopi” chi’n a kigiel nawnsih hi. English a “village” leh “city” chia thumal tuomtuom a kikhen vangin Zoham ah “Khopi” khu adjective “pi” ziehin nuon ang suoh theina diingin “Khopi” chi’n a kigiel hi. Tualeh ham nupa (word paring) zahdan ah i khiel mun mama uhi. Etsahna: “Nu-le-pa” khu “Parent” ahia, “Nu leh Pa” khu “Mother and Father” or “Father and mother” china ahi hi. “Khuo-le-tui” khu “Villager” ahia, “Khuo leh tui” khu “village and water” china ahizel hi. Tuaziehin ham nupa zahdan ah zong pilvan angai mama hi. Tualeh, ahunlou-ahailou a punctuation mark te zong zah zengzung diing zong ahisih hi.<br />
Tualeh, English-te’n aneilou uh Zokam a i hausatna mama khat uh aum hi. Tuate khu adjective or adverb hilchientu ahi uhi. Englsih-te’n noun leh verb hilchientu (adjective and adverb) chilou adang anei sih ua, eite’n verb leh noun hilchientu banah adverb leh adjective hilchientu zong inei nalai uhi. Tam pen Zokam thupina (Zokam special) ahi hi. Etsahna: “Siengthou” chi khu English ah “Holy” china ahia, adjective ahi hi. Adjective khu noun khat tawh hing kizawh hamtang diing ahia, “Holy Land” (Gam siengthou) china ahia, Holy (adj.) + Land (noun) ahi hi. Zokam in gen uong nalai diing chilei adjective hilchientu khat “Sitset” chi zang talei Zokam ah adih nalai a, “Gam Siengthou” chi sang bangin “Gam Siengthou sitset” chilei agen ut pen kilawmtah leh nasetah in a genchieng zaw tham tham hi. Tuaziehin, sitset, singseng, siasua, zengzung, lialua, pempawm, kelkul, em-awm, the-thu, hiauhuau, lihleh, chitchet, ngia-ngua, helhul, etc. chite khu izahdan dungzui a adverb leh adjective hilchientu ahi nalai a, ham dangte’n ahau lou or anei lou uh Zokam special ahimai hi. Tambanga adverb leh adjective hilchiente igel chiengun ahitheitan in kimat a gel diing ahia, a sim hamsate hyphen khat koi lei asim anuom mai diing hi. Zou laigeldan dih pen ka buoipi laitah ahia, tamtengah a unpi’n ata zou sih diinga, tamtan i chiphot diing uhi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Thuzawna:</span> <br />
English-te’n a spelling uah kitheisiemlouna nei uleh tuni’n English ham khu leitung pumpi’n azah diing ka gingta sih hi. Aziehpen, English ham khu leitung pumpia a kithei vangin ham kizang tampen khu Chinese-te ham “Mandarin” ana hi laizang hi. English khu a kizang tampen ahilou vangin a kithei tampen ana hikia veve hi. United Kingdom-te’n “Colour” chia agel zieh ua a spelling dih ahipai sih a, United States te’n “Color” chia agel vangun a koima’n, “Nou US te spelling zahdan dih sih, English ham hisih” achi tuonsih uhi. India a Zou vontawite leh Burma a Zo vontawite kigawmtheina leh sepkhawm thei masapen diing khu Zou Literature Society (shall I say Centralized Zou Literature Society?) in kamu hi. Spelling a i buoi zing leh koima a ngiem nuom sih diinga “Chithah nupate tangthu” kigente bangin a sangzaw kitu in vanthamzawl ah i mangtang giap diing uhi. I Lai Siengthoute, Laabute, Sunday school simmunte, news and journal-te, magazine leh souvenir-te, sangnaupangte laibute, etc. i bawlkhawm ua i gelkhawm uh ahunta hi. India langa Zou vontawi 22,000 tuom umte leh Burma langa Zo vontawi 61,000 tuom umte kigawm lei 83,000 tuom ipha uhi. Munkhat a i teenkhawm theilou vangun laibu khat tawikhawm theilei i laibu bawlna leh zuahna zong ang phatuom mama diinga, lailam ah zong khantouna leh masawnna inei mama nalai diing hi. Tambangin pankhawm theina diing lampi khat hing kihong masa photphot leh aban a diingte’n aban-banin ang zui mai diing uhi. Kigawm leh pankhawm theina diinga step khatna diingin literature leh mass media (thu leh laa kipiehtuona) sanga thaneizaw leh silbawltheizaw tutadi in ka mu naisih hi. I kaal ua tuipi um pen kaantan theina diing lei kidaw leh vaikhat maimai a luigaal kanna a zah diing hilou in vai tampi bawlna diinga zahthei ahing hita diing hi. Pankhawmna diing atam mama hi. Sum-le-paai a pankhawmna diingte, chi-le-nam vai a pankhawmna diingte, gal-le-sa nei chienga pankhawmna diingte khu aban-bana hing umtou thei diingte ahi uhi. Tamte kamu chiengin ka lungdam mama a, i kigawm ua, tuibanga i luonkhawm hun diinguh ka ngahla mama hi.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ref:</span><br />
1. http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html<br />
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zou_people_(India) <br />
Source: <a href="http://khaiminthang.blogspot.com/2009/01/zo-leh-zou-pumkhatna-diinga-ketot-thupi.html" target="_blank">ZOU VONTAWI THAIKAWI</a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-71881519219553288102011-12-16T00:01:00.000-08:002011-12-16T00:07:12.261-08:00TEDIM KAM<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0n-d3fNuJI1Jdp544sdAsFGcxJH811hTsd5lfd0Po-Uf5Xo_0G4a0mJWZrn1mGQCOy4oN3dfJCrx62TwDIOCwbuiH0qVZha5nn-bX3pwj1TZ7c-ZdyL60nMmBwg2pynNYYFPRq5iegfoT/s1600/Rev.+Khoi+Lam+Thang.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0n-d3fNuJI1Jdp544sdAsFGcxJH811hTsd5lfd0Po-Uf5Xo_0G4a0mJWZrn1mGQCOy4oN3dfJCrx62TwDIOCwbuiH0qVZha5nn-bX3pwj1TZ7c-ZdyL60nMmBwg2pynNYYFPRq5iegfoT/s200/Rev.+Khoi+Lam+Thang.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5686634568605161490" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAwY5wZKHLrrhHyYQG6lpiFXxlbvkLGcFLMsqdS2xLl0QdxxF94bTI-zj0lsPfr0_r_fDv5LAmle4DrwhI-vZgjK0GoLnwA9xyNYy-sdjYEFJKUeTHxgA7F6aPe96EOCmb53GZhCcOYBCJ/s1600/Rev.+Khoi+Lam+Thang.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><a href="http://www.tongsan.org/articles/zokam/1010-tedim-kam.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 35px; ">Tedim Kam</a><br /><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Zomite Zo leitang tungah Khristian I suah zawh kum 100 a cing hita hi. Khristian biakna in kum 100 sungin Zomite aniam mah mah mihinzia pan hong khaisang-a, a sangpente tawh hong kikhawlsak thei hi. Zomite I zia I tong, I ngeina, I khuasakziapawlkhat kinusia, pawlkhat kibehlap-in pawl khat kikemcing hi. Tuate sungah Zokam leh Zolai pen Khristian biakna in hong kepsak hong khansuah sakin hong zunsak hi. Tua a hih manin Zomi Khristian kum 100 mualsuang ah hih thu a ngaihsut taak mah mah ahi hi. Zomi bup kampau thu tangzai mahmah ahih manin"Tedim kam" ci-in neuseek sukin a nuai-a thulute tawh kikum leeng:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1. Tedim kam khanggui sutna</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">2. "Tedim Kam" cih min i ngahna</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">3. Tedim kam "Taangkam" a suahna</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">4. Tedimkam kantelna</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">5. Tedim kam nungta i cingam diam?</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">6. Mailam ah i Tedim kam</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">1. TEDIM KAM KHANGGUI SUTNA</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Leitung mihing awn 6,000 valte in kampau nam 6,908 bang nei hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Kawlgam sungah mihing awn 50 valte in pawunam 135 bang kinei a, Zomite' pau 53 om hi ci-in Kawlgam kumpi in hong ciaptehsak hi. I Zogam neuseksek sawm leeng nam 100 val om dingin ka um hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Leitungah hizah a tam kampau tuamtuamte a guigui, a behbehin kikhen dimdiam hi. Kampau lam a siam (Linguist) David Bradley thukanna siksan le'ng i Tedim kam khanggui (Language family) a nuai-a bangin kisut ding hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Sino-Tibetan</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Tibeto-Burman</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">North-eastern india Group</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Kuki Chin Naga</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Kuki Chin</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Chin</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Northern Chin</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Tedim</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">2. "TEDIM KAM" CIH MIN I NGAHNA</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Min thu gen-in pan ni cileng thukhupna a om thei nailo a buaihuai mahmah thu khat ahi hi. Zomite in kum 100 sungin minam minkip neizo nai lo hi hang. "Chin" leh "Zo" peuh kisut kituh lai-in zattaang theih ding kampau nei nailo hi hang. Hi bang bilbial kawmkalah "Zomi" a kici phadiakte in " Tedim Kam" cih min i ngahna thu a nuai-a bang hidingin ka um hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Sangmangte hun lai-in "Kamhau Dialect" na ci ngei uh a, Kampau a kan mi masate in "Sukte" ci-in zong na minvawh ngei uh hi. Tua minte in tua hun lai-a ukpite' beh min ahih kei leh ukpipa min ahi hi. Ukpite' thuneih lai-in a mau bangkua sung pau na thupisak mahmahin gambup zat dingin thu na pia hi leh "Teizangkam" kipau ngeingai kha ding hi. Gam uk makai masate thukhualna leh picinna ahi hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">"Tedim Kam" cih pen midangte hong sapna hi loin ei le ei i kisapna min (egonymn) ahi hi. Pu le pa min khatpeuh a kitap hilo a, a te-dimdim "vansang dim" omna mun a kisat "Tedim" khua kitap (eoconymn) min ahi hi. Tedim khua pen 1550 kumin kisat hi cih tangthu kante' ciaptehna ahi hi. Ahih hangin kilalsan zel kisuan kik zek hi. 1850 a kipan-in tuni dong tatsat loin kiteng a, ei Tedim mite khuapi ahi hi. Tedim khua ah i teng ngeikei phial zongin Tedimmi cih ding a angtanpih ciat i hi hi. Tedim khua ah hunkhat lai-in Teizang, Saizang, Thado, Vaiphei, Guite, leh Zo kampaute in "tual" khat zangin kitengkhawm hi, Tua bang a, pau tuamtuam tenkhopna panin pautuam khat hong pianga a nungciangin "Tedim kam" kici hi. A neituam kuamah om lo hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">3. TEDIM KAM “TAANGKAM” A SUAHNA</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Hun khat lai-in Tedimgam i cih pen tu-in Tedim, Tonzang leh Cikha gamkhen (Myone) suakta hi hang. Tua sunga teng Zomite leh tua gam pan Kawlgam Vaigam a tung Zomite in i taangkam leh (common language) dingin "Tedim kam" zangkhawm theita hi hang.A mual a lui zui-in i awkaih tawmtawm kilamdang-a, ahih hangin kamphen kulloin kihothei hi hang. Tua a zang khawm thei kampau innkuan dungah Sihzang, Thado (Kuki), Zo, Dim, Guite, Khuano, Losau, Phailengm, Saizang, Teizang, Val leh Vangteh paute kihel hi hang,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Tedim pau "Taangkam" a suah theihna thu kampau lam pan, tangthu lam pan, gamdung leilupzia pan a tuamtuam kan leng a hang tampi om kha ding hi, I gensa bangin ukpite in a mau kam bek kizang ding na ci uh hileh " Teizang" pau ki pau kha ding a sangmangte in a mau siam masak mah na thupisak hileh Sihzang pau kipau kha ding hi, Sangmangte in vai lian pi khat a angaihsut uh khat in pau nam tuam tuam a nei minamte pau nam a tawm thei pena gawmsak ding ahi hi. Tuabang hun lai-in Mangkang kumpi in hong uk a, Khamtung gam ah Zo lai tawh pilna sin ding hong vai hawm uh hi. kampau kigawm theite bang kampau tawh "Laisimbu" gelhsak ding cih thu lianpi khat hi leuleu hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Tua ahih manin 1919 kumin Tedim vuandok zumah Tedim gam hausa lianteng kikhawm uh a, gambupah Sihzang pau zat dingin thu kisung hi. Tua ciangin Thado kampau Hiangzang khua hausa Pu Zam Khaw Thang, Zo kampau Phaitu khua hausa Pu Khan Thawng, Saizang khua hausa Pu Zaang Khaw Lian, Paihte kampau Tuimui khua hausa Pu Mang Za Thang, Haiciin khua hausa Pu Tual Pum-te in Sihzangkam a teltheih loh lam uh pulak hi. Ahi zongin Tedim, Ngennung, Haupi, Gawngmual, Leilum, Lezang, Tongsial, Lamzang,Laitui, Mawngken, Kahgen, Taklam, Tonzang, Tungtuang, Anlang, Gamlai, Khuaimual leh Seitual khua hausa te kuamah a pau a ham omlo uh hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Hih bangin Tedim gam sungah Tedim kam pen taangkam hong suak hi. Cope topa in 1919 pan 1938 (a sih) dong khasim thukizaksakna lai a na bawl lai-in "Tedim kam thukizakna lai" na ci hi. Sang laisimbu hong bawl sak hi. A nung ciangin T=Tedim pau eima pau" ci-in khangthak naupangte i awng ziahziah hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">4. TEDIM KAMPAU KANTELNA</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Kawl leh Vai kikal-a om Zomite in kampau tuamtuam i nei hi. Kampau lam a kantel mipilte in tangzai takin hong kansak nai lo uh hi. Ei Tedim kampau zawdiak pen Mizo pau, Hakha paute zahin hong kikansak nailo hi. Tedim kam a pau mite sung pan Laipianpa Pau Cin Hau, Rev. Hau Go, Pu Gin Za Twang, Siapi Vul Za Thang, Sia Pau Cin Thang, Rev. Paul Thuam Thang leh ZCLS a kipan kampau a kin, a siam tampite in kanin na gelh ngei khin hi.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Minamdang kampau siamte sung pan hong kantelsak mi tamnai lo hi. Kei theihphak tan ah:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1904: George A. Grierson: " Linguist Survey of India"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1925: L.B.naylor: "A practical handbook of Chin Languages (Siyin dialect)"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1965: Eugene J.A. Henderson: Tiddim Chin: A descriptive analysis of Two texts"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1965: Ono Toro: "The Reconstruction of Proto Kuki Chin: Initial Consonants"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1979: David B. Solnit: "Proto Tibeto Burma in Tiddim and Lushai"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1989: Peri Bhaskararao: "The process of Chimming in Tiddim Chin"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1996: Peri Bhaskararao: "Computerized lexical database of Tiddim Chin and Lushai"</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.5pt; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;background:white"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">1998: Weera Ostapirat: Tiddim Chin tones in historical perspective".</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">I Tedim pau pen a kampau ei Tedim mite leh a pua lam pan kampau siamte in kan khawm-in, laigelh-in i puahpuah i zunzun ding kisam hi. I tuntunna pan i kampau maizumpih lo-in hong dong a om leh lungsau takin genpih ding kisam hi. Sia Lian Bawi (Siapi Lian Khan Mang) in Japan pan gam a pai lai-in Ono Toro kiangah na genpih ngei a, Dr. Dal Lian in Bhaskararao kiangah na genpih ngei hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">5. I TEDIM KAM NUNGTA I CI NGAM DIAM?</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Kampau dinmun (vitality) a tuamtuam om hi. Kawlgam ah Pyu minam leh Pyu pau beimang ta hi kici hi. Leitung kampau pawlkhat beibei-a pawl khat kipan khangto semsem hi. I Tedim kam nungta hi ci-ngam taktak ding hiam? Kampau nungta ih cih te a ki puahpuah a ki zunzun hi a, a kampau neite in it mah mah uh hi. A kampau uh khum sa-ngaungau uh hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Tu laitak Tedim mite 70% bang bekin Tedim kampau dingin ka um bek hi. Kawlgam leh Vaigamate in pau tuamtuam peuh nuam i sa zaw a, Kawl lak a Zo khangno te bangin kawlkam kawllai leh kawl TV khawng bek tawh hun kibei hi. I thungaihsutna nangawn kawl-khuak tawh kingaih sun hi. Kampau i pau sunsun bangkua sung bek hi a, sangkil kitantan lo hi, Biakinn sung bek hi a, biakinn huangpua kantan lo hi. Hibang kampau dinmunte "Muribung" kici hi. I kampau it-in, i kep tinten kei leh beikuan manawh kampau ahi hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">I Tedim kampau zong "meidawi"mahmah hi ci-in ka ciamteh hi. Mizo, Hakha leh Falam pau khawng ei pau sangin " suahngal" zaw hi. Kampau ameidawite a suahngalzaw kampaute in damdamin sung khumkhum dinga, a sawt lo-in valh ding hi. I kampau maizumpih kei ni.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Zolia tawh kisai-in, Laipianpa Pau Cin Hau tungtawnin Zotuallai nam nih i nei ngei hi. Tu in i zatna toi semsem a, minam vangil khat banga kep ding din mun hi ta hi. Lai hihna (malgawm) tawh Mualtung thuhilhna zong na khen ngei uh hi. Sangmangte tung pan i ngah Mangtuallai (Roman alphabet) tawh laisimbu i neih zawh kum 91 cingta hi. Lai ih gelh ciangin lai-malgawmzia leh awsang awniam thu-ah i kumkum lai hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Cope topa'hun a kibawl Zolai tan 4 ciang nangawn tu-in i nei nawn kei hi. Zolai tawh laibu kibawl tawm mahmah a, i neih sunsun zong Biakna lai bek ahi hi. Laibu i bawl ciangin "Pawlpi sung a zat ding" cih lai suang sawnsawn lai ihih manin i laibu a thatthat ihi hi. I leitung huihnunzia ahih manin tua lampi bek a nei ihi hi. Zolai i cih pen Lai Siangtho sim nading, Labu ettheih nading, Pawlpite thukizaksakna lai sim nading leh laikhak nading bekin kizang lawmlawm hi. Leitungthu vangtungthu theihhuai a tuamtuamte Zomite in a theih nadingin Zolai a kizat hun hong tung takpi tam! cih ngaih sutsut huai ka sa hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Kampau nungta te in huihkhua in huihkhua tungtawnin Radio, TV leh tulai Cassettee, CD leh VCD te tawh theihhuai thute khahkhia ziahziah uh hi, Ut hunhunin mun khempeuh pan a kampau uh kingai thei hi. Cik hun ciang i tunna peuhpeuh pan i Tedim kam i ngaih theih hun hong tung zen tam!</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">6. MAILAM I TEDIM KAM</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Nam citawmte ihih hangin i kampau mangthang ngei nawn lo ding hi. Ahi zongin a khanton henhan ding lamet om lo hi. Kumpi ki-ukzia kikhello-in, tulai khuahun mah tawh maban i zopzop lai leh kawlkam in gam hong kekek dinga Tedim kam in sangkil kan zo nawnlo semsem ding hi, I theihloh kalin thozo nawnlo in, i phawk khak ciangin zekai lua ding hi. Khuahun hong kihei-in Kawlgam Vaigam-a om Zomite in gam lenam a ding vaihawmkhop hun hong tun leh lah Mizo kam hong innteek mahmah dinga, khangnote in sin-in mun khenpeuhah kipau ding hi. I Tedim pau bel khanglo kiamlo, si lah nungta-in omthei ding hi.</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><br /></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Tua kawmkalah ei Tedim kampau innkuansung pan i kinensuah sawnsawn leh i huang hong toi semsem dinga i theihloh kal-in mite huangsung i tung ding hi.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN">Hi thei hileh Kawlgam Vaigam-a om Zomi a kici khempeuh in Mangkam i taangkam dingin zangkhawm mai le hang, kum 30 sung bang i buaipih phial zongin manlang takin hong khantohpih thei pen dingin ka um hi. Taangkam dingin Mangkam i zatkhit ciang i nampau ciat i keptheih bangin i kem ding am kuamah kinawknawk se lo-in khat le khat kithupisimna tawh i kalsuan leh i minam khangto thei pan ding hi. Minam a khantoh leh i kampau mangthang ngeilo ding hi.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Rev. Khoi Lam Thang</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">General Secretary</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Bible Society of Myanmar</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Note:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:13.5pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#4E4E4E;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Rev Khoi Lam Thang pen Tedimgam, Keizang khua hi in Falam ZTC ah DipTh, India Makokchung pan BTh, Yangon MIT pan M.Div a zawh khitteh BA zo lai hi. Thailand gamah MA (Linguistic) va zo a, Singapore TTC ahzong MTh sinbehto laihi. Tu in Bible Society of Mynamar ah General Secretary a seplai tak a hi hi.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Source: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(78, 78, 78); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; line-height: 35px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Posted on </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(78, 78, 78); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Friday, 28 October 2011 10:04</span><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(78, 78, 78); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><br /></span></div><div><a href="http://www.tongsan.org/articles/zokam/1010-tedim-kam.html">http://www.tongsan.org/articles/zokam/1010-tedim-kam.html</a></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-24653529456906639902011-12-15T00:50:00.000-08:002011-12-15T00:54:20.902-08:00Thu Makai<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 16.85pt;background:white"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Nidang lai in Zogam sungah, i pute i pate kumpi nasem leh sum zon paai zonna a nei kua mah na om loin, lokhawh singpuak leh sa bet zunun bek kidemna-in na nei uh hi. Mi buppi pen, dawi bia bekbek na hi uh hi. Ngeina zong a khangkhangin a kilamdanna om loin na kizui toto-in, kibang paisuak hi. Tua mah bangin "Tatzia" zong na kilamdang loin, na kibang paisuak hi. A diakdiakin, kiten zia, si kivui zia, sa sem zia, sa piak zia, mo man neih ziate a kipan na kibang mang hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Ahih hangin, 1896 Mangkangte hong tuna kipan, a kikhel tampi na om a tua pen a tam penah biakna hang na hipen hi. Khua khat leh khua khat kigal neiha kisim cihte na om nawn loin, Pasian'thu zong na tungin Pasian bia zong hong omta hi. Pute pate in biakna dang na thei loin, nidang lai a Pasian biate Tapidaw na kici-in, Tapidaw a suak khat om leh, mi mangin na ngaihsun uh hi. Lawki ngeina nusia ahih manin, U leh naute in za nuam loin, Lawki a suah nadingin kho uh hi. Tua banga a kikho zo lote u sung nau sungah lang bawlin, pua koih uh hi. Natna satna leh gilkial dangtakna ah huh lo uh hi. Beh sung mi in sim nawn lo hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tua bangin Tapidaw suak khat a om ciangin kipua paih ahih manin, u leh nau nei lo hong suakta hi. Tua ahih manin, khua sung leh khua kiim khua paam a Tapidaw a suak khempeuh ki-it sakin, kipumkhatsak zawsop hi. Tapidaw teng asi amang zongin, ana asa zongin kikom lo phamawhin na omta hi. Amau teng kikom kidon bek tham loin, u khat nau khat in kibawlin, a neihsa uh u leh nau, beh leh phung, tu leh ta sungh leh pu cihte kol loh nawn loin Tapidaw teng kipawl khatin hong omin kituam pawlta ahih manin, si leh sa ahi u sung nau sung, tu leh ta sung, sungh leh pu sung, a gamtat zia teng na khelmangin, Tapidawte in tatzia thak hong nei uh a, a dang tawh kisu nawn loin hong om uh ciangin, mo man hong phiat uh hi. Misi ni thum sung bek koih uh hi. Pawl khat bangin, Zo ngeina pen biakna sa kha zawzen kikin Khuado pawi, Sialsawm kicite phiatin Tapidawte pawi pen, kumthak, thawhkik, Lungdambawl bek hi na cita uh hi. Tatzia lui khempeuh na phiat ta uh hi. Hih pen Zokam paute sungah nakpi-in uang diak hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tuhun khang ciang leuleu-in, mi khempeuh Tapidaw kihiphialta ahih manin, khuate khatkhatah Lawki beita-a, Tapidaw bekbek kihikhin ahih manin, khua zang bupin ah kipawlin, khua kido thei lo, a kiteng peuh Tapidaw leh Tapidaw mah hita ahih manin, Khua kido leh beh teng kipawl, sial kisawm leh beh teng kipawl cih bangin hong om to leuleu hi. Sa kigawh leh Tapidaw leh Tapidaw sa kigawh ahih manin, a kitawm hun lai bang nawn loin, sa hawm mah na kulta hi. Kiteng ahi-a, sa kigawh ahi zongin, sa hawmnate ah ngeina leh Tatzia tawh kituak a bawl hong kul kik leuleu hi. Tua bang ahih manin, i ngeina leh i tatziate kithei nawn loiin, a vanglak khatin ki-omta ahih manin, i nusiatsa ahi, Zo tatzia ahi biakna kisa-a, a kinusiate i zatna ah aman-a, a kizat theih nading mahmahin kikan kik nahi hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tua ahih manin Tedim gam sungah a kibang lo ngeina leh tatzia pawl khat na om a, tuate in Dim tatzia, Teizang tatzia, Saizang tatzia, Zo tatzia cihte na om a, tu-a i-at pen Zo kampaute tatzia ahi hi. A kim ahi zo kei zongin, a kisam pha diak teng kikan a ki-at ahi hi.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Thu kaikhawm -</span><br /><br /><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><i>Kham Khan Mang</i></b><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Sa/27,40</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Sakollam, Tedim</span><br /><br /><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Thu Masa</b><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tuhun ciangin leitung khantohna tawh kizui-in, ih minam leh ih gam a it a, a laamto nuam ih minam akip akho sak nuam, minam a it ih mipil pawl khatte bawlsa laibu tuamtuamte sung panin Zomi hihna bulpite ahi ih Zo ngeina, zuthawl kipiakna, kiteen kipina, zuhawm sahawm daan a kipan, pu zu kholh, meelmuh, moman piakdaan, mo sagawh, tonna haanna zu nunna tuamtuam leh ih Zo ngeina tuamtuamte thei thei, sim thei zel ihih manin lungdam huai hi. Tua mah bangin tua banga a kigelh hih Zo ngeinate sung panin a bulpite a kipelh sam loh hangin, ih teen ih giahna mun zui-a, a kilamdanna a kipelhnate zong atawm atamin ih mu thei hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tua banga a kipelh theihna thute ih kan ciangin ih laak masaknate, ih teen ih omna ciatah, ih zatdaan pawl khat ngeina a suak zong om a, tua mah bangin ih khua ih veng in ih zat nawn loh ih ngeina abei pawlkhat na om lai hi. Zomi ih hih manin ih ngeina a kibang khin ding kimlai damdama, a sawt cianga ong kilamdan theihna tua bang teng hang hizaw hi. Tu bang hun ciangin Pasian thu zui na ah ton leh taang aih, sa-aih zu nunnate ong om theih nawn loh ciangin khang thakte bangin tua banga ih ngeina hoihpite thei nawnlo uh hi. Minam a it a khual ih mipil neih sun teng beekin tua banga ih Zo ngeina zaatdaan, la a kipan ih Zomi hihna a keem vante laibu sungah a kisim thei den dinga ih koih ih gelh tek ding kisam mahmah hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tua ahih manin hih banga ih Zo hihna akeem, ih Zo ngeinate eite khangin a kizang nawn takei zongin, Zomi kici peuh in, tua Zo ngeinate keem lo, thei loin om lehang ih Zo hihna zong ong sukha thei, beisak thei ding ahih manin taang lai ih pu ih pate hun lai-a, a kizangh bangbang ih Zo ngeinate hih ZO TATZIA sungah a maan thei pen dingin ong kipulaak hi. Zo tatzia, Zo ngeina cihte pen Zo kampaute zaat bangbang amaan thei pen dingin kingaihsun ahih manin tulai taka Zo kampau te in nidang pu leh pa hun lai-a, sihna nopna, Ton leh haan, taang aih sa-aih, gualnop, zununnate a a zat bang teekteek uh in hih </span><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">ZO TATZIA</b><span class="Apple-style-span" > sungah ong kigelh, ong kipulaak thei suak ahih manin Zomi kici khempeuh in theih huai hi. A diakdiakin Tedim mi khangno, khangthak lam peuh mah in, ih theih tek dingin thupi kasa hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > A diakdiakin hih ZO TATZIA laibu sunga a kigelh, tuni dong cianga ih zat den ahi, mo sagawh mo sapiak, zu tang tun cihte leh zu hawm, sa hawm- sa zeek, sa-at ziate taangtawng a kipan tuni dong them zong kikheel thei lo, phuak tawm a a vaal a kibawl thei lo ahih manin ngeina maan leh hawm daan zeek daan a maan pen a, a zangh a zui nuamte a dingin theih huai lua sa kahih manin deihsakna leh lametna lianpi tawh hih thute kong pulaak hi. Ih Zo ngeina ahi, kipi kiteenna, ahi zongin, zu hawmna sa hawmna ahi zongin, pu zukholh, melmuh, mo manpiak, mo kilak leh mo sagawh leh ton le haan cihte a tuamtuamin a ki-at kawikawi pen a kibawlsa lai tuamtuamte ah i sim thei zeel hi. Tuate sungah ngeina a tuamtuam ahih man i ton i haante zong ki-at in, a man tawh a man lo tawh i mu thei hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Dr. Monsignor Felix Lien Khen Thang</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > B.A. (Psy.), M.C.L.,D.C.L.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Nonciature Apostolique</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Au Moroe</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > B.P. 1303 R.P.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Rabat. Morocco</span><br /><br /><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Khawk - 1<br />Minam</b><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Minam kici a bangci teng minam khat kici hiam, ci-in kidong lehang i dawnna kibang kim lo kha thei ding hi. Pawl khat in gam khat sunga teeng teng, pawl khat in kampau kibang teng, pawl khat in mel kibang teng, pawl khat in tatzia kibang teng cih leh pawl khat in sii kinai teng hi cih bangin kidawng kha thei ding uh hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Minam cih thu tel et lehang, a masa-in Pasian in vantung minam leh leitungminam ci-in, nam kici nih bek na piangsak hi. Vantung minam pen bangzah pha cih i theih loh hangin sim zawh lo-a, a tampi khat nahi hi. Leitung minam pen a cilin innkuan khat nahi phota, Adan leh azi Eva bek nahi hi. Tua panin khangtoto minam tampi na piang hi. Tua a khangtoto minamte eite in i lawh ciangin, a gam mina i lawh leh a lian pen a Pu uh min a nam min i lawh hong piang hi. Gentehna in: Gam minin, America mi, Sen mi, Japan mi, India mi, Kawl mi cih bangin a gam zui-in i lo-a, tua gam khat sung panin nam tuamtuam na teng lai-in, gentehna in, America gam sungah, Mangkang mi, mi vom mi, Sen mi, Kala mi, Kawl mi na teeng lai sawnsawn hi. Gam khempeuhah minam khat bek teenna na om loin, Kawl gam sungah zong, Kawl mi, Zomi, Kachin mi, Karen mi, Kaja mi, Mon mi, Zakhai mi, Shan mi banah Kala mi, Sen mi, Japan mi cih bang zong na om lai hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Tua panin ineu seek leuleu-in, Zomi a kicite sungah Tedim mi, Falam mi, Haka mi, Mindat mi, Khami, Matu mi, Kanpalet mi, ki-omta-a, tua nam khatte sung panin kineu seek kik leuleu-a, Tedim bangah Tedim mi a kici veve Zo, Sihzang, Saizang, Teizang, Khuano, Vangteh cih bang kikhen suksuk nahi hi. Hibanga kineu seekte i et pak ciangin kampau a kikhen tawh kibang na pi-in, na hi khin taktak lo zel hi. Gentehnan: Zo nam sungah a pu apa a kithei veve Zo mah ahi pawl khat pen Saizang pau, Teizang pau, Sihzang pau peuh a zang na om zel hi. Tua banah, mundang a om Zopau a thei nawn lo, Kala pau, Mang pau, Kawl pau na omin, kikan leeng Zo nahi hi. A tua banah tu-a namte banah kum tampi leitung a om lai leh mi kikhangin tam semsem ding ahih manin, tu-a namte sangin a tamzaw kibehlapin nam khang lai ding hi.</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" > Nam a na kante in, </span><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Tedim mi</b><span class="Apple-style-span" > bek hi lo </span><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Zo</b><span class="Apple-style-span" > a kici mi khempeuh Pa khat, Nu khat hihang ci-in, la-in na phuak uh a, "Tun sung khata piang hi ngeingei" na ci uh hi. Tua ahih leh kitel kan lehang nam i cih pen kampau pen a pua lam etna hi a, a taktak pen sii leh sa kinai na hipen ding hi, cileng kikhial lo pen ding hi. A bang hang hiam cih leh pau kibang lo Kachin sanggamte pen si kinai ihih manin i behte i ci thei hi. Man hi. I sanggama, atuat i hi hi. Tun zong nam i kan leh sii kinai i kanding pen aman pen hiding hi, kici thei hi.</span><br /><b style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Khat veivei Zo kampau sungah, Zo ham lo teng midang hita hi kici thei hi. Tua pen kikhial hi. Zo kampau veve Yangon khawnga teengte'n Kawlkam bekbek zang uha Zo kam malkhat zong thei lo hi. Ahih hangin, anu leh apa pen i sanggam taktak nahi lai lel hi. Kampau tawh khen kei zaw ni.</b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#444444;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Zomi Pianna Bul</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#444444;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br />Zomite pianna bul akan tampi na oma, a masa-in Sen gamah kiteengin, Mongolia minam hihang cih nahi hi. Sen gam laizang panin lalin Tibet gamah teeng uh hi. Tua panin Kawl gam kilut a, Tibeto-Burman min tawh na om uh hi. Tua panin Kawl gam laizangah teengin, tua pan saklam manawhin kikhin to-in, Chindwin gun zui-in pawl khat pai-in Khamtung mi nasuak uh hi. Pawl khat pen zang lei tengah na thaam uh a, Khang lam Zomi kici uh hi, cih thu kithu khat ciatin ki-om hi.<br />Zomite pen Mongolia minam pana piang i hih nak leh, Kawl gamah a tung masa pen minam i hi hi. Bang a kithei hiam cih leh Kawl gam taangthu kante in zong a genna uh a, Mongolia te Kawl gam atun hun pen AD 9th Century kiim hiding hi, na ci-a, Peithano khuapi zong a na phut hikha ding hi, ci uh hi. (ta]c]y? ]refrmódkifiHa\:ordkif: yxrwJG) Kawl gam taang hun cih thu khawk-1 laimai 174 ah kimu thei hi. Hih laibu sung mah ahi Khenpi-3 khawk-1 Pagan hun kici laimai 233 na sungah zong, Tibet-Burman suante Pagan kisiat khit Kawl gam laizanga, ateeng khinsa Pyu, Tet, Mon leh Palong suan leh khakte leh hong nungtung Tibet-Burman suante teeng khawm uh hi naci hi. Tet a kici mite pen Zomi a kisim ahih manin zong, Kawl gam laizangah taang pekin kiteeng khin ahihna kilang hi. Tua pana kithehthaanga a lalmang Khamtung Zomite i hihna kilang hi.<br />Tet a kici mite, Chin kici Zo minamte ahi cih Sukte beh leh Tedim gam Taangthu bu sung laimai nihna kilak hi. Mogolia nam pan Tet mi kihi-in, Kawl gam a laizang mun panin Kawl gam saklam a lal toto, Khamtung gam leh Kabaw kuam teng leh Pakokku gamsung tenga teeng i hihna kilang hi.<br />S.P. Kham Do Nang B.A., B.L., M.R.E. in ZO SUAN KHANG TAANG THU a atna sungah Zomite pianna hi bangin na-at hi. B.C. kum 2027 lai-in, Tibet gam a uk a min Jou kici om-a, a ukna pen Zo Dynasty na kici. B.C. 1000 ciangin tua kumpi Jou suan leh khakte Sen gamah saklam Kan Cho kicihna ah na lal uh hi. Tua minamte khang thak kumpite in na do-in athahmang ding alau manun, a min Jou pen Jen in na laih uh hi. Jen minamte gal tai uha, Pecking na tung uh hi. A galte atheih loh nadingin, Jen kici min pen Chin ci-in a min na laih leuleu uh hi. Amau in kumpi hong ngah uh ciangin Chin Dynasy kici Zo kumpi ali na, Chinkumpi in leitungah na lamdang a minthang mahmah sagih lakah khat ahi, kulhpi lian asau na tai 150 apha khat na lam hi. A lam kum pen B.C. 246 kum na hi hi. Tua kumpi pa min pen, a mite in Ni Nuai Mang na ci uh hi. Nau khat na nei-in tuapa min pen Song Thu Pi na ci uh hi.<br />Ni Nuai Mang in ta khat nei-in kum sagih pha khin napi'n, khang thei loin na om a, amah dahsak mahmah hi. A dahna dang khatah a annek sim a ameh lim pena, aneih a huansung singluang tunga po Pateh po nawn lo sawnsawn ahih manin a lung na sak mahmaha, aphat theih nadinga uliante adot ciangin, ni sagih sung "Tong" in zu leh sa tawh pawi bawl ding hileh hoih pah ding hi, na ci uh hi. Amah in zong na-um ahih manin ni sagih sung na "Tong" hi. Hih pen Zomite "Ton" kipatna hi. Thupi takin Tong ahih manin mi tam mahmah laam ahih manin lamgui duap kua-in kilaam hi. Pawi ni nunung pen ni-in, mipi in Pu Song Thu Pi laam ka mu nuam uh hi, cih ngen uh hi. Pu Song Thu Pi in kei hong laam leng, mi tampi si lua ding hi, ci-in na nial hi.<br />Mipi in a nget teitei uh ciangin, Pu Song Thu Pi in zong a zaangsan naam tawh na laam hi. A namsau vei vik leh avei lama teng, tak vik leh atak lama teng sikhin hi. Zangsan namsau cih minin, Kulhpi sungah hong sim lutte a om ciangin kimana, kumpipa kiang kituna, thah ding a cihte Pu Song Thu Pi kiang kitunin, amah in tua a namsau tawh na that ahih manin a namsau deeksi tawh kidim denin san hi. Tua ahih manin a min Zangsan Naam na kici hi. Pu Song Thu Pi lamna hanga mi tampi a sihna thu kumpipa Ni Nuai Mang kiangah va kiko a, a va-et ciangin mi tampi a si gaalmuh hi. Tua ciangin kumpipa in a sanggampa phunsanin, "Vanah na man nop leh mang in, lei-ah na man nop leh mang in," a cih ciangin Song Thu Pi zong khasia mahmah ahih manin, mundangah pai khiat ding na sawm pah hi.<br />Tua hun laitakin, kumpipa khua tawh kigamla a teeng kulhpi sung mahah nupi khat teenga baal leh kawlkai na ciing hi. Sakuh in a ante na nek saka, a lo a van ciangin Sakuh ling khat a kia mu hi. Hih pen ganhing gol mahmah khat i mul hiding hi, Pu Song Thu Pi bekin a man zo ding hi, ci-in tua Sakuh ling Pu Song Thu Pi a va lak hi. Amah in zong lamdang sa a, Sai, Zangsial, Humpi a kipan sa lian kamat loh om lo-a, hih zaha, amul gol ka man nai kei hi, ci-in a beng dingin a uital tawh na kuan khia pah hi. A khekhap pai na teng a zuihzuih uh ciangin, kulh taw a vang suak guam khat tuak uh a, tua panin kulhpua a tung thei uh hi. Tua kulh pua atun uh ciangin gam leh lei, singkung lopa nopci mahmah mu uha, lal khiat nopna lungsim na nei pah uh hi.<br />A nungteng zui kikin, Song Thu Pi inn atun ciangin mi pawl khat zawnin, Ni Nuai Mang theih lo-a, taai sim ding na geel uh hi. Ni khat mi 100 val ding tawh na tai sim uh a, tuate lakah Karen, Shan, Kachin, Naga, Meitei te in zong na zui uh hi. Kulhpua atun uh ciangin khua khat na sat uha, a min "Tungkhua" na ci uh hi. Kulhpi pan ataikhiatna uh kua vang pen suang tumpi gol mahmah tawh kihu hi-a, tua suang pen pasal mi 30 bang bekin hong zo hi na ci uh hi. Tua pen "KHULPI" kici leinuai khua pan leitung khua pai na ci uh hi. Tua ahih manin, Ni Nuai Mang suan leh khaak teng tudongin Sen gamah om suakin, Song Thu Pite Tung khua-ah AD kum 200 dong teeng hi, kici hi.<br />AD 200 khit ciangin Tung khua na nusia uh a, Sen leh Kawl gam kikal Hong Ho, Yang Tes, Me Khong leh Tanluan (Saldwen) te kantanin na pai uh hi. A pai na uh ah, Tanluan gun lailipi a kici munah kantan uh hi. Tua hunin Pu Song Thu Pi in amahmah i kaih Sialkili nei pen dawi-in na matsak hi. Sialkili nei mang ahih manin gundung zui-in a zong suk uh hi. Tamlipi a kicihna mun a mu kik pan uh hi. Sialkili nei pen dawite ahi-a, dawite leh mihingte a kiho thei lai huna, mite'n phuisam siamna bek tawh a kingah thei ahi hi. Pu Song Thu Pi pen AD 600 pawlin Pun Te khua a ten lai un na si hi. Tua mun aten sung un , Shante leh Karente Saldwen gundung zui-in na pai-in gam na sat uh hi. Song Thu Pi suante in zong Pun Te khua nusia -in hong pai khia uha, Song Thu Pi tapa Za Hing makai-in, Kachin leh Nagate in Hu Kawng gam tawnin Shweli gun neu zui-in Irrawadi gunpi zui uh hi. AD 650-700 kikal sungin Zaa Hing si-a, Siing Mang leh Siing Pawte unau in makaih uh hi. Pun Te panin a tunna uh khua khua Be khua nusia kikin, Sing Meng masa-in gamlak tulak nawkin na pai uha, nahtang po na mun atun uh ciangin nahtang phuk gawp uh hi. A pai lai tak uha, Sing Meng nau Siing Paw pen ektha a zekai kha pen a u te pha zo loin, a nung delhdelhna ah, nahtang kisatte tuaka, tuate a lawndawn na sauta ahih manin pha zo nawn lo ding ci-in lungkia-in delh nawn loin tua munah khawl suak ta hi. A u a phawk mahmah a kimuh kik ding lamen ahih manin, a kimuh kik mateng a phawkna in a tempaai alang bek bawlin langsam sak se hi. U kisam ta cihna a lak ahi a, kituah zo nawn lo ahih manin, tuni dongin tempaai pen tua ci hih suak uh hi.<br />Tua pan, Zomite pen AD 1200 pawlin Kawlpi na tung uh hi. Kawlpi ah kum tampi mah na teeng uha, gamuk Mangte thuak lahna hanga, na lal khia uha, Zomite Kawlpi nusia, Khamtung gam tengah na kitheh thang uh hi. A thu pianzia pen Mangkangte a nuai-a bangin ciamtehna na nei uh hi.<br /><br />APRACTICAL HAND BOOK OF THE CHIN LANGAUE- ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT BURMA FRONTIER, SERVICE 1925<br />(By L.B. NAYLOR, TEDIM CHIN HILL 14-12-1923)<br />Informer times only the Shans lived in the Kalemyo valley. While they were living there Manipur attacked Kalemyo. The Kalemyo people killed Hrang Ko the chief of Manipuries. Because they killed the chief the Kalemyo people won. The Manipur chief's grave still called "Hrang Ko's grave", to the present day after that the Manipuries again attacked Kalemyo, Then Kalemyo people were defeated, because cholera brokeout in the town. Therefore the Manipuries won but they did'nt administer or role the country. At that time a Burmese prince came from below Burma and governed the town and after wards built a wall all round the town. That was called the Kale' Palace.<br />In 1368 SAO SAWKE (1368-1401) a Shan Sawbwa (Chief) or prince became the King of the new Dynasty founded at AVA. He took the adventage of the quarrel between Kale and Mohnyin and annexed both State and replaced the Sawbwa (chief) with his relativen Kyitaungnyo his very ambitions nephew, became the Sawbwa of Kale, who even attacked Ava in 1425, circling the city for seventh months but failed to dethrone the King. In 1374 he built the "PALACE OF KALE.<br />It had a double moat, measuring 30 yards (30 m) wide and massive walls a kilometre square, enclosing an area of 234 acres. The remains of the massive walls of Kale city still stand to day two miles South of the present Kalemyo. During this time the people of the Kalemyo valley were fored to work very hard indeed. It is said that the fingers of the workers which were accidentally cutoff filled a basket. Therefore the people of Kalemyo, because they suffered too heavily migrated.<br />One group entered the Chin Hills by way of Yassagyo. They crosed the Manipur river and are now the Lushais. Later a group went up from the Kalemyo vacinity. These people camped on Kenedy peak. Up to the present time their cooking stone are still there. From the mountain they searched for a good place to settle. From Kennedy peak one party descended via Nawmkai Spur and settled at Ciimnuai near Saiyan. Another group followed down the Htung Spur from Kennedy peak and founded the village of Zangpitam. The people who lived at Zangpitam reunited with the people of Ciimnuai. There were many clans living in that village. Therefore that village is given as the historical birth place of the Chins. From that they separated again. One clan miggrated from Ciim Nuai to the mouth of the Natan lui from its mouth and founded Tuentak village. The founders of Tuentak village were the five son's of Pu Tuenthak called Ngengu, Nei Lut, Dai Tawng, Vang Lua and Non Zong.<br />Part of the Khuasak and Lophei are descended from Ngengu, Thuklai, Buanman and Liimkhai people are from Vang Lua and Tau Kon people are from Non Zong, Hin Nung and Hau Nung are the descendants of Dai Tawng. Nei Lut has a son called Nei Zo and Nei Zo has two sons called Vang Lawk and Gen Zo. Vang Lawk has a son called Dop Mul (Muanmul) and Dop Mul has five sons called Mulpi, Guuizo, Hanthual, Hawlhang and Kunhen. Gen Zo has two sons called Suan Te and Suan Khup.<br />The five sons of Ngengu are Lamtam, Khuakuan, Tungnung, Nantal, (a ta Tung Dim) and Phiam Phu, hi, ci-in lai mai 6 panin 15 dongah na at hi.<br />Rev. Za Cin in, 1972-73 ZBA kumcin thu ko kici laibu sungah laimai 49 pan a-atna-ah, Pu Zo pen Kawlpi khua-ah na teeng hi. Kawlpi kicia khiatna pen, i pute in, mualsang kitung viuveu pen 'Kawll na ci uh a, a tenna pan Thangmual kitung pen tamin, Kawllpi a cihna in tu-in Kawlpi a ci i hi hi, ci hi. (Tong Lawn kawll) i cih bang hi, ci hi. Kawlpi panin Pu Song Thu makai-in, Thangmual hong kah uha, Thuamvum hong tun uh ciangin, tenna ding gam hong galet uh hi. Pawl khatte Thuklai lam zuanin pai uha, pawl khatte Saizang ngalzangpi mun zuan uh hi. Saizangah khanggiat na teng uha, tua panin Ciimnuai ah khangguk na teng uh hi. Ciim Nuai panin Zomi nam thumin kikhen uha, pawl khat Tualzang khua nasat uh hi. Tuate pen tu-a Zo i cih leh Tedim mi i cihte hi-a, khang kua sung na teng uh hi. Pawl khatte Thuklai lam zuanin na pai uha, Sihzang mi na kici uh hi. Tuate sungah Suantak naupa a monu in Sialdawi a kithoihna hangin lungkim lo ahih manin, nuaktai-a Phaiza khua nasat hi. Zote pen Tualzangah khangkua a ten khit ciangin, Geelzang khua nasatin tua sungah khangli na teng uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Bumzang nasat uh hi. Bumzang khua kisat zawh 1972 kum ciangin khang 14 na phata hi. Pu Zo pan tuciang khang 52 pha-in, Geelzang sat zawh khang 18 pha hi, ci-in na at hi.<br />Minam Min.<br />Health Assitant Sia. J Gin Za Twang in abawl laibu "Zomi Innkuan" sungah laimai nihna sung pan a gelhna ah hibang na ci hi. Kawl gam sunga teng Zomite min pen Chin, Jo, Sho, Cho, Yaw, Shan cih bangin na kilo kawikawi thei hi. Nidang lai-in ah Sen gamah "Chin" Kumpi leh "Zo" kumpi kici kumpi nih na om ngei hi.<br />(1) Jo (zo) dynasty B.C. 1027-256 leh<br />(2) Chin Empire B.C. 221-207 sung na hi hi.<br />Tua panin mi pawl khat na lal uha, Mongolia minam na kici hi. Tua minamte mah na paisuak uha, Tibet tawnin Kawl gam khang lamah na busa uh hi. Tua panin pai in Kawl gam laizang dong tungin na teeng uh hi. A minam uh "Chin" ahi-a, "Zo" ahi zongin na kici hi.<br />Chin kici kammal pen Sente kammal hi-a, Mang kamin "Man" a cihna hi. Ei Zo kamin pasal khat "Mi" cihna ahi hi. Zo kici kammal leh Mi kici kammal i gawm ciangin, "Zomi" hong suak hi. Zomi leh Chin i gawm toh ciangin "Zomi Chin" cih a kicing kammal hong suak hi. Chin cih kammal pen Kawl kam hi loin Mangkam hia, tua kammal Kawl lai-in a ki-at ciangin (csif:) hi-a, Kawl lai-in bawmpi a cihna laimal tawh kibawl hi. Pawl khatte in Zomite in bawmpi i puak manin, Kawlte in bawm puatecihna a (csif:) hong ci hi, ci deksuai-a man lo hi. Chin pen (csif:) a ki-at hi zaw hi.<br />"Zo" cih kammal pen Mindatte leh Kanpalette in "Cho" na ci-a, Zang lai Zomite in "Jaw" ahih kei leh "Sho" na ci uh hi. Zo ahi kei leh Chincihna mah hi veve hi. I pute i pate in, Mangkangte Khamtung gam hong lak ciangin, na minam uh leh na pute uh min bang hiam? ci-a, ana dot uh ciangin, "Zomi" hi ung, ka pu uh Ciin Hil hi na ci uh hi.<br />Chin Hills news 1924 na-ah, Dr. J. H. Cope in History of Chin Hills go back about twenty ganerations to a person called "Chin Hill" their first anoestor which name bears his decendents as "Chin Hills" and after the annexation, the Bristish called the Country "Chin Hills" and people "Chin" na ci hi, ci-in na at hi.<br />S.T. Hau Go, M.A.; M.R.E. in, 1972 kum Zo minam ni pawipi Yangon a, a genna ah hi bangin a tomin laksak lehang, midangte in Chin hong cih hangin ei i kici ngei kei hi.<br />(1) Sak lamte (India gam a te) ei mite in amau leh amau "Yo" na kici uh hi.<br />(2) Tedim, Lusahi Hills, Falam leh Hakha te in amau leh amau Zo tangin Zomi, Mizo, Zotung, Zophei, Laizo, Zokha na kici uh hi.<br />(3) Mindatte amau leh amau "Cho" na kici uh hi.<br />(4) Paletwa leh Matupi in amau leh amau "Kho" e.g. Kh'mi, Khomi na kici hi.<br />(5) Arakan i mite in amau leh amau pen Miro or M'ro na kici uha, Mizo tawh kibang hi. Arakan ten 'y' or 'z' tangin 'r' aw zang uh hi. Gentehna, Yakhine pen Rakhine ci uh hi.<br />(6) Khanglamte leh Irawadi kiim tengin Asho na kici uh hi.<br />(7) Pakokku gama omte in, amau leh amau pen Zau na kici uha, Kawl mite in Zaw na ci uh hi, ci-in na at leuleu hi.<br />Tua ahih manin, Zo i hihna pen kuamah nial thei loin, i min, i minam min hi, cih kiteltakin hong lak hi. Mi dangdang zong a at omin tuate pen kibang pian lel ahih manin i at nawn kei hi.<br />Minam min tawh kisai-in Zo Suan Khang Tang Thu at pa S.P. Kham Do Nang B.A, B.L, M.R.E. in a na zonna-ah a nuai bangin mite na ciaptehna na at hi. Mite in Chin hong cih hangin i min pen en "Zo" mah a kici hihang cih na lak hi.<br />1. Roman Catholic Father Sangermano laibu laimai 35 (Father Sangetmano. A description of Burmese Empire) reprint Yangon; The Government Press, MDCL.<br />Kawlgam saklam nitum na lam Lattitut 20° 30° leh 21° 30° kikalah 'Jo' kici gam neuno khat a om hi. Amaute mite in Chin ci uha, ahih hangin amau kampau leh ngeinate uh tawh kiptakin om uh hi.<br />2. U Thein Pe Mint bawl Khamtung taangthu laibu laimai 172, (Thein Pe Mint, History of Chin Special Division; Yangon The Government Press 1967)<br />Chin kici minamte in, amau min pen anial tengtong loh uh hangin, a minammin bulpi taktak uh pen 'Jo' ahi hi, na ci hi.<br />3. U.S. Illinois sang minthang a kisin F.K. Lehman pa laibu bawl laimai 179 na-ah (Illinois studies in Anthropology No. 3; The University of Illinois Press Urbans 1863)<br />India gam leh Kawl gam kikalah kam pau atuam leh ngeina uh tawh kiptaka, ateeng minam khat oma, amau leh amau Jou kici uh hi. Amaute pen uk hak mahmah minam khat hi uha, Sha (Jiin) kici dawi bia uh hi. (B.C. 2000 pawlin, Jou kici kumpipa min piang na hi hi.<br />4. G.A. Grierson kici bawl laimai 2,3, na ah (G.A. Grierson Linguistic Study of India. (Yangon; The Government Printing Press 1904) P. 3-2.<br />The name Chin is not used by the tribes themselves, who used title such as Zo or Yo and Sho. Chin kici minam pen tua minamte in zang vet lo uh hi. Zo ahih kei le Yo leh Sho cih bek zang uh hi, ci-in na lak hi.<br />Tuate banah, Khamtung lai hong bawl sak Sangmang Dr. J. H. Cope, K.I.H., B.Sc., B.D., D.D. in, sang a zat ding Gam thu (Geography of Burma, Chin Hills (In Tedim) 1927 a kici sungah Zomite khamtung atun zawh uh kum 400, 500 val sawt lo ding hi, cih chin taang' Zo kammal na zang hi.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-28301191104938248942011-11-23T03:31:00.000-08:002011-11-23T03:33:54.198-08:00Paubul; Zokam, Zoham<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#444444;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Pau bul</span></b></div><div style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; ">Nidang lai-in ei Zomite in lai kinei ngei hi, cih mipil misiam khempeuh in gen kim uh hi. Tua lai pen ui-in na tuahmangsak ahih manin, lai kinei nawn lo suak hi cikim uh hi. Tua ahih leh i kidot dingin, tua lai pen a bangci pau tawh ki-at ahi tam kidot huai mahmah thu khat na hi hi. Tua lai sunga kammalte pen tu laitaka Khamtung mi a kici leh Zanggam Zomi a kicite sunga kampau kigawmna hi dingin a up huai hipah hi. A vekpi ahi kei zongin kuate in a tam zaw bek a zang lai na ding uh hiam? Tua lai a kan zo om zenin, Zomite lai hi cileng, Zomi khempeuh tu-a i ki-it sangin ki-itna lian zaw taktak ding hi, cih kimu thei hi.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tuhun ciangin, Zomi a kicite sungah, khamtung a teeng pawl leh Zang gam a teeng pawlin i kikhena khat leh khat pau i kitel zo nawn kei hi. Pau kitel lopi-in khat leh khat kiho thei loin, ki-it nading thu om thei lo mawk hi. Tua bek tham loin, Khamtung a teeng veve Tedim, Falam, Hakha, Matupi, Mindat, Kanpalet, Khu'mi, Lusei leh Hualngo in i kikhen to sawnsawn hi. Tuate sungah zong' kam neu nono-in i pau lai-a, tua te nangawn khat leh khat a kitel zolo pawl i om lai hi. Gentehna in; Tedim sung bangah, Zo pau, Thahdo pau, Sihzang pau, Teizang pau, Saizang pau, Khuano pau, Dim pau leh Vangteh pau cih na om a, tuate sungah a tuam a kilo Zo pau, Thahdo pau, Sihzang paute tuam kai-in tua lo teng sim kici-in, atawp khakna-ah Tedim pau suakin, Tedim mite kamtaang hong suak hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Hih Tedim pau pen, mipil misiamte in a gen bang mahin, a pianna sawt nai lo ding hi. American Mission J. H. Cope in 1933 kuma a Zolai a bawlna sanga zat ding leh sin ding laibu ahi Geography (gamthu bu) sungah khamtung gam a kisat zawh kum in 400 leh 500 val sawt lo ding hi, na ci hi. Tua mah bangin, i mipil i laithei a minthang masate in, Tedim mite pen Kawl zang panin Khamtung Ciimnuai ah kitung masa hi. Tua panin, nuntakna haksatna, lo gam kicinlohna hangin kilal khia kika, Pawl khatte, sih lakah teeng ahih manin Sihzang mi, Pawl khatte, Sai lakah teeng ahih manin Saizang mi, Pawl katte tei lakah teeng ahih manin Teizang mi, Pawl khatte zo gamah teeng ahih manin Zomi kici hi, ci-in at uh hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Hih thu-ah gen nop i nei hi. Ciimnuai panin kilal a, i tenna mun zui-in paunam piang hi, cih thu ah, tua paute kigawm to-in Tedim pau hong piang hi kici tek ahih manin Tedim pau pen Zomite pau nunung pen hi, cih ding hiding hi. Ahi zongin ah mipil gamte ahi Englandte mahmah zong a tuungin pau nam tuam tekin pau uh hi napi, a nunung pen pau Mang pau (English) a zat uh bang hiding hi. Ahi zongin, tua pau kigawmnate sungah Thahdo pau leh Zo pau pen kihelo-a, tua a kigawm teng i pau pen 'SIM' pau kici bek na hi hi.</span></div></span> <b style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="line-height: 115%; ">Zokam Zopau Kam Bul Ahi Tam</b></div></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Kiman nading lian lua om kei na in, Khang taangthu leh i pute i pate thu i theih khop i kan ciangin, hih Zo kici kammal pen, ei Zomite khempeuh i kicihna hi mah hi. Ahi zongin tua Zomi cih miaimuai pen a bul khat, ahih kei leh u zaw khat om leh kilawm a, bek tham loin tua pen ahi lo phamawh thu khat na hi hi. Midangte bang loin, Zokam paute sungah, pute pate in, i pupi pen Song Thu hi, cih kigenna kihilhna pen a thupi khat in kingaihsun pen hi. Song Thu pen tu-a, Zokam i zat kampau a pau hi kici hi. Tua pen thu naupang ci lai ni.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Zokam pen paubul hi kha thei hi, i cihna tawh kisai-in, Zomite pen Tibet pan Kawl gam laizang tengah kiteeng sukin tua panin kahtoto-a, khamtung gam kitung hi, cih pen mi khempeuh in i san thu khat na hi hi. Tua Kawl gam laizang panin zong thakhat in Khamtung kitung pah hi loin, a kivial toto i hihna mipil tampi inlai-in a na at tek banah, 1998 kum Tedim No.1 BEHS Golden Jubilee Magazine sungah, Sia Ngulh Khaw Suan in a atna ah ei Chinte Pagan Popa pan nitumna sak lamah tungin, Ava leh Sagaing khua sak lamah sawt khop i khawl hi. Leng Tong Hoih taangthu bang tua mun apiang hi, na ci hi. Tua pen Zomite Kalemyo ahi-a, khamtung i tun ma hun na hi a, sawt khia mahmah hun na hi hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Siapa cih banga man leh, Leng Tong Hoih pen kua mi hiam, kua namte hiam cih i theih nadingin a kam zatte uh ah kimu thei hi. A u anaute pen sanga sin laibute ah pasal sagih pha-a, anau tum pen uh Mu Nei Thang Dal hi ci-in, ahi zongin Zokam paute sungah Ma Nei Thang Dal kici zaw hi. A kamzatte in tuhun a Zokam paute kam zat ahihna a kampau kikhumnate ah kilang hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%; ">(1) Zo kampaute in "</span></span><b style="line-height: 115%; ">kot</b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%;">" a cih ciangin kong cihna hi.</span></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">(2) Inn dan acih ciangin inn dei a cih nopna mah hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Sik in dankua kot hon aw, cih pen a man in, simkam hi loin Zokam na hi hi. "Sia in dankua kot ei hon aw" a ci na hi hi. Tua hun lai pek a te in Zokam pau a nazat hi-a, tua sangin kambul zaw om khol lo dingin upmawh huai hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%; ">Tua bek tawh hi lo-a, Neino tangthu sungah zong, Zokam pau zatna na om zel hi. A gelh te'n Tedim kam in a at hangin, a mite Zokam pau na hi cih kimu thei hi. Nei No tangthu i sim ciangin Tawpi cih mah</span></span><b style="line-height: 115%; ">, khekhap</b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%;"> ci loin </span></span><b style="line-height: 115%; ">ketot</b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 115%;"> cih mah, hong kihta niteh ci loin, ei giing vateh cih mah, sahangte khua kici loin Tawmi khua cih mah, kiteeng sak ni hi loin, kinung sah vaang cih mah, lim si ci loin tui na bo cih mah, bak bang zah na gai ta a ci loin, ba i za na khawngtai, ci bangin tampi tah Zokam pau na om hi. Tua hun lai pekin Zokam na kizang cileng kambul mahmah kha ding hi.</span></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tua banah, Gal Ngam leh Hang Sai hunin zong Zokam pau mah na kizang hi. Man Dawng tangthu sungah zong Zokam mah na kizang hi. Tua banah Zokam pau te'n, Nu, pa, ni, gang, u, naute a lawh ciangin, 'ka' tawh thuah se hi. Tua mah bangin Khamtung mite sungah tua bang a zang tampi i om lai hi. Tua in kambul khat ahihna hong lak hi. </span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tuate khit banah, Ngeina zatna ah, taangtawng pek a kizang tudong a kizang zom paisuak pawl khat na om hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">(1) Zutang tun. Hih pen sih ni-a, ahun cianga kizang hi-a, hih lo a phamawh thu khat na hi hi. Ahi zongin, Zokam paute lo a zang om a, a zang lo zong om hi. A zangte zong tawh kibang lo lai. A zang sunsunte'n, zutang tun ci loin, Pu zulup peuh, ahih kei leh Melmuh gen peuh kici lel hi. Zo sungah tua bang hi loin, pu te in tute khakna zulup hi zaw hi. Tute'n melmuh pia kik hi zaw hi. </span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">(2) Nau aitah cih pen Zokam paute sim loh a zang omlo hi. Pute in a tanu in ta a neih ciangin thupha piakna ci-in sa go-in aitahna na nei hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">(3) Sial khup: Hih pen midangte in, mo man piakni pen Sialkhup ci-in mosa pen sial khupsa peuh ci thei uh hi. Zokam paute sungah tua bang hi deksuai loin pu zawng khat a thawh zawh nadingin sial takpi khuma, sial pen a nu hi teek hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tua ban lai-ah, lai kigelh pawl khatah, Zo pen zo dawna, a ten man a zo nawl min pua-a, zo lakah teengte Zote kici hi, cih ki-at mawkmawk hi. Tua ahih leh en leng, Tedim gamah Ciimnuai khua sanga zo zaw om lo ding hi. Tedim khua mahmah zong zo dawn mahmah khat hi. Zo dawna tenna hang hi leh Ciimnuai piangte Zote kici khin ding hita hi. Omna mun hangin zo kihi lo zaw-in, Zote zo dawnah teeng hi zaw ding hi. Gam min pen a pua-a om mah bangin a pua lo zong na om zel hi. Gentehna in, Thahdo bang a pu a pa uh Thahdo ahih hang hi. Tua mah bangin Lusei cihte, Hualngo cihte, Vangteh cihte, Guite cihte a kipan en leng omna mun min hi khol lo zaw hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Omna min tawh minam i kilawh pen nai mahmah lai ding hi. Sihzangte bang Sihzang kama, apau khitin Zokam paute tawh gal na sim khawm uh hi. Leng Tong Hoih pan a kam kizom Zote in, tai sih un, a cih ciangin, Sihzang kam pau in tai suh un, sa-in tai suh uh a, Sihzang kam paute in tai hek un, a cih ciangin Zote in tai kek un a ci sa-in tai mang uh hi, cih tangthu na om hi. Hih hun pen Ciimnuai pana, Sihzangte sih omna a ten zawh uh hi pan ding hi. Ava leh Sagaing i ten lai-in i vekpi in Zokam paute kihi-in, Sihzang, Saizang, Teizang, Khuano cihte pen Ciimnuai sat khit a piang leh kam thak na hi ahih manin, Zokam pen kam bul hi kha thei ding hi, i ci thei hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tua banah, ganhingmin lawhnate ah Zokam a kibang suaka, a dangte a kileh bulh leh a kibang loin kilo om thei hi. Gentehna in, Sai, sial, Bawng, Vok, Ak, Ui cihte i kibang khina, Vasa ci tawh sava a ci tawh i om a Zo kamin, 'va' hi lel hi. Tua mah bangin Sanga a ci omin, Ngasa cih a ci zong om hi. Zokamin 'nga' hi ziau lel hi. Ahi zongin sa tawh a kipan ganhingpawl khat kibang tek hi. Gentehna in Sazuk, Sakhi, Sakol, Sangai,Saza cihte i kibang khin hi. Sa kici kammal tawh a kitawp leh a hing nawn lo nek dingtesa kici na hi hi. Zokam hita leh kua kam kua pau hita leh nidang lai-a, i zat tuni donga i zat kamin, Saisa, Sialsa, Bawngsa, Voksa, Aksa, Vasa, Ngasa, Uisa i cih nak leh nek ding hita hi. Vasa-sa, Ngasa-sa kici lo mawk ahih manin, hih ah zong kambul hihna khat kimu thei hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tua ciangin, mi khempeuh in, keitui nekha nupinu pen Tawmi suak i ci hi. Taw i cih pen Zokam hi a, Sahang cihna hi lel hi. Sahang-mi kici loin tawmi kici in kambul leh tanglai pau hong lak hi gige hi. Tua tham loin, tem pen Zokamin nam hi-a, tua pen a neute hi-a, a saute i vekpi in namsau i ci tek hi. Temsau kici lo zaw hi. Tua zong a khiatna nei mah hi veve hi. Tua banah thu neu khatah mihingte in zu i dawn thei-a, tua mah bangin vasate in zong singpak pawl khat a dawn pen Zokamin 'vazu' pak, vazu kung kici in a dang ten phihtu pak, phihtu kung kici-in kilamdang hi. Tua bang pen a tampi om hi.</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; ">Tu hunin, Tedim kam pen i theih i zat lo phamawh pen ahi ding hita hi. Ahi zongin, apil asiam loh leh a hauh a phat zolo hangin, Zote pen Zo gam a teeng hi mawk loin, Zo bul a kipan Pu Song Thu pan kizom suakin, ngeina, tatzia leh kampau kizom suak hi a, Zomite taangkam pen "Zopau" hi leh kilawm hi. Tua manin i lai neih hun in zong Zokam mah tawh ki-at hidingin up huai hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Pu Zo pen Zokam mah na zang hikha ding hi. Tua huna, ngeina sial dawi thoihna, pusa thoihna a omte leh tuhun a Zo kampaute zat kibang siksek hi. Ngeina leh kampau kizui ahihna hangin, i ci ngam hi.</span></div></span> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div> <!--[endif]--><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-26937341866731829502011-10-12T03:36:00.001-07:002011-10-12T03:41:10.312-07:00Phuolva'n a tongsuo kheel ngai sih<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pasien tungpa'n nopna eite tungah ang om ta heh.Mihing in </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pasien i bawl sih a,zong i bawlthei sih hi. Ei man Pasien bawltheilei i</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pasien pen Pasien <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_0" style="line-height: 1.22em;">hilo</span> dinga,eima pen i bawl pasien ii Pasien ii ding</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.Tuo ei piengsah Pasien pen ma, biekha paaikha ihi man in ama aading</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ma-a eipiengsah i Pasien'min thang ta heh.Tuoziehin i kamham pen</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">sangpen Pasien bieh na-a a kizangh kam hampha khat ahi hi. Kam eipie</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">in mi hina cingtaa-a ei siem pasien hangin i lungdam hi.Pasienin kam</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">eipiehna pen i zah ding a aci hi-a,i zahngamlo <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_1" style="line-height: 1.22em;">dinga</span>, a ci hilo</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.Kamham i neipen Pasien thupha lienkhat hi-a a aangtan huoi nakhat</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ahi hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pasien bawl nate nah hoi mama (Indeed it was very good,NKJV) hi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ci'n leh Pasien in gen hi.(Piencil/Siemcil.1:31)I kamzah pen Pasien'n</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">piensah ahoite sungah khat ahi hi.Tuozieh in Pasien hangin i om hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Eima le i kiim i paam a om i sanggamte i et ciengin etlawm mama</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kasa hi.Azieh pen unau sanggamte ihi ua,unau sanggam ma bangin i</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">omzieh ahi hi.Tammi pen Pasien ei pieh i etlawmna i suhsietlo zieh ahi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.I zah i kamham ciet tawh i etlawm ciet hi.Paawlkhatte'n tammi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">etlawmna phawh khalo in etlawm zonai sih vei aw,ci'n lungkim lo hi.Tuo</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">a lungkim zolo na pen thuvalkaai ang suoh hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Tuo a lungkim zolo na un</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">zuumna le thangpaina ah amau te tun to hi.Tuo te Pasien ei pieh hina</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">sungah a mau le ama u saltang in kol kibulhte ahi uhi.Tuo te in Pasien</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hoisah nate khatvei a etkia ding uh ka hanthawn hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Kamham pen thupi hi. Tuo ziehin tanglai kumpi thahat te'n</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">mizawthaw na dingin galvan in na zangh uh hi.Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">le a lawmte Chaldean kamham le biena ah amang cip dingin na geelngai</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.(Dan.1) Alexander(B.C356-323),Greek kumpipa'n Greekkam pen</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Leitungah a kizel ding na hanciem hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Tawm khat ka dana khat a om hi.Khat le khat kamham kitel gehguh</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pen <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_2" style="line-height: 1.22em;">Minam</span> akuon a kisim mawna,hamkhat le khat kithupi simlo na-in thu</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hoi hilo hi,ci'n ka mu hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pawlkhatte'n Tedimham pen kitel pen hi ci</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi. Tampe'n a kuociik a <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_3" style="line-height: 1.22em;">etna</span> ah man a, a zaipi a etna ah manlo</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.Kalkhat kalni suonna ciengah maan a a saupi kalsuonna ah maan zo</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">tahtah lo hi.Munkhat a i ten tonpi i sanggam Falam le Hakha cite tawh</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">i kiho ciengle Kawlkam zah ang kul a,hina ki bang a i kingaisutpi </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_4" style="line-height: 1.22em;">Manipur</span> le Naga land lamte tawh i kiho cieng Mangkam ma zah angkul hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Tamin bang lah ahiei ci le kamham in gamgi nei-in bangcieng ah zai</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kuociik ci lah hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pasien hangin i lungdam hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Tedim gam le Tonzaang gam a om minam</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">zosie, Manipur lama Kuki/Thada cite i ham i kitel ceit hi.Ka khuo ah </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">UNDP huna nga in,khaici vai tawh kisai ah makai(representative) in ka</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pang hi. khatvei khaici UNDP zum a la dingin ka kuon hi.Tuonah Tedim</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kumpi bank gei ah Thuklai hausapa(galkap lui santhum) zong vaikhat ma</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">tawh na to kamu hi.Tuonah ka kiho uh a,thutampi ka gen uh hi.Aman zong</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">a Sizaangkam ma zanghin ke'n zong ka Zokam ma zanghin ka kiteltuoh lel</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">mama uh hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Atawpna ah ka kikhen dingun ka genin:Pa, ke'n na</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">tapzaang(hearth) le na innsunga na zah na kam kang telpieh, nang zong</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ka tapzaang a kazah le ka innsunga kazah ka kamham ei telpieh</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">cin,midang hi vawtlo ihi na kilangh hi,ka ci hi.Ama zong a lu loklok</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ta hi.Ama tuo banga ka hopina pen kanai bawlna ahi hi.Tuoziehin iham</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kitel gehguh pen mikhat a maham tawh i hopi pen i gelta bawlna hizaw</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Puzonet sungah "Tedim pau zangh tek ni, pumkhat i suahthei na'ng</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">in" ci mikhat lai at ka simngai hi.Eite Jesu sung leh itna sungah</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pumkhat ahi sa i hibo hi.Kamham ah zong kitelpieh ciet ihi ziehin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pumkhat a hisa ihi hi.Ama'n tamthu theilo hi.Hamtampi i nei cietna in</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">i kamzah ciet a picing suoh zah zo beh hi.Tuo ahiziehin i hamciet</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kisimmaw pieh ding hilo zaw in thupi hi, ci i phawh ding ka dei</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hi.Teizaang,Tedim,Sizaang,Thado le Zo, eima ham ciet puo in paallun</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">sah vai.Ei adingin i hamphatna khatah kamkitel pen/ taangpizah</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">kam(common language) om tuonlo hi, i hamciet pen i kitel piehciet mama</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">lel hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">I kamzah ciet pen thupi ciet hi. Banghang ei <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_5" style="line-height: 1.22em;">cile</span> i nei ihi-na</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">le i ngaina ciettawh kizom hi.Tuoziehin ihi-na, Pasien bawlsa ah</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">lungkimin i thupi sah ding thupi kasa hi.Na kam tuo pasien ang pieh,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">mi'n ang simmaw pieh nanleh zumpi si'n.Nangma bawl kamham a zangh nahi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">sih a,Pasien'n bawl kamham a zangh nahi bo hi.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Zo nahi pen Pasien hang</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hibo,nang ngap thu hi sih.Pasien i it leh i hi-na a bawl ama ahi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ziehin ama i thupi sah na in ama eibawlna thupi sahbo vai.Tuoziehin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Rick <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1318415352_6" style="line-height: 1.22em;">Warren</span> in: Na minam le gamkhat ii mi na hinate sekholna omlo a</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">pieng hilo hi.(Rick Warren,The Purpose Driven Life,p.23)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Pasien in a piensah sa na zosiete ngimna tawh piengsah hi.Aman</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">deina nei in,kisam sa hi.Ama aadingin manpha eisa Pasien hi.Tuo thute</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">hangin minam khat hina teng ei pie hi.Pasien tungah lungdam in omciet</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">vai ei.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Tambanga minam khata eisiem pasien'amin thangta heh.I kam tawh i</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">mite'hlamit i honzo na ding lungtup in nei vai.Pasien in nang a deina</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">aadingin kisamh angsa hi.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Jesu'itna sung le note itna sungah</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">ThangDonghKhai Zomunmi</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #454545; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">Topa phasah na a omleh hun nga cieng (C) na angzom vang. Lungdam.</span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-29585500120526369702011-07-04T00:49:00.000-07:002011-07-04T00:54:36.709-07:00Reliable Historian Is Yet To Be Born For Chin-Kuki-Mizo People<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; ">By: Dr Joseph Suantak*</span></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">“‘Am a Senior Lecturer, Head of Dept., Varsity Prof., Researcher, Scholar in the dept. of</span></p></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; ">History/Pol.Sc./Anthro./Geog./Socio./Linguist; and, ‘am a historian!” Then, what remarkable feat have you [we] done [left] for our people?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; ">The answer is very simple — anti-catholic communalism, regionalism, marginalisation, ethno-political chaos, sectarianism/ clannishness, childlike nepotism, destructive egotism, unnecessary conservativeness, confusing and terrible interpretation the Bible and obsolete cultural terms, lingua fanatism, self-relegation, &c. And what is more, we were cluster of clans from one gene that should have evolved from that gone “tribe life” to a “nation” or “-</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">ans/-ese/-ish”;</em> but now ‘hushed up?’ to reverse back to a “Scheduled tribal/backward minorities”!</span></b><div><div><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; "><b><br /></b></p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; "><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">From my own anthro-socio-cultural and historical point of view, such term ‘tribe(s)/tribal’ is archaic; only suitable for our Palaeolithic/Acheulian ancestors. Yet, I am setting this piece hoping if it could be useful to impregnate us so that a “judicious & matured”-HISTORIAN is born to us too. Of course, I’ve learnt and find out during my research days that there are already uncountable historical publications, theses, monographs and oral versions of ours, which are altogether at sixes and sevens and still bristled with ‘fertile imaginations’ and ‘romantic informations’.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Phew! Intrinsically from natural, scholastic disciplines, and scientific planes, to me, ‘a historian’ is yet to be born among our people “ChiKimZo!” [Chin+Kuki+Zo: just in alphabetical order]. Yes, I could see that CKZ history writers and research scholars were, and are still hoodwinked by some of the ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">accidental’</em> European Ethnographers, erstwhile White colonial official dubious records, Neo-Colonialists’ enigmatic documents [India, Myanmar & Bangladesh], imaginative theories of Anthropologists and Linguists of all time who are many thousand miles away at the other shore of the Ocean. What are more, the Old Testament world[Israelites?], the Chinese dynastic chronologies, Tibetan & Burmese cultural histories; and one more: the crafty historical literatures of the now dominant valley peoples who came on the dried up —in about ≈4,000BCE?— lake-like lowlands only in about ~2,500-1500BCE. Without being too wordy, let me straightaway leap to say that, ‘History’ or ‘Historical records’ are mostly all about the glorious days of great empires, kingdoms, princedoms, chiefdoms, warriors, major/stronger clans and peoples, and thus, they were even compelled to invent scripts so as to tell their civilizations to the rest of the world. Yes, it is always, perhaps, the work of dominant people or states. Therefore, one should equip himself with extra precautionary reasonings when borrowing such data to juxtapose with the CKZ’s. Right, all that glitters have been not gold and diamonds.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Actually, I blame none, but the outcomes. For instance, we are already doctrinated to disbelieve the legendary ‘Out of <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Hurpi/Khur/Khol/Khul/Sinlung-Chhinlung</em>’ (pit/cave) tradition; even myself [<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">see for details in</em> Joseph Suantak, 2010]. Today, I am a born again, based on my findings [data garnered] and speculations to believe my honest and dignified ancestors. Here, the gist is, if it were to be ‘disbelieved’ CKZ ancestors might have not keep on passing it down from generations to generations.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">May be we have forgotten our ancient <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">bon mot </em>that says: “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Meima lo tho’in a bawk ngai puai</em>”, in Vaiphei parlance, which mean “No blister, no flies”. Therefore, I would like to say, with poise: “Yes, they once lived in a huge cave/pit/grotto/or karst which might have been somewhere, at least, within ≈92<sup style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">o </sup>to 97<sup style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">o</sup> (Longitude) E and ≈20<sup style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">o</sup>to 27<sup style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">o</sup> (Latitude) N, far lesser than Taranatha’s “Koki [Kuki] country” and, Willem van Schendel (2002) & James C. Scott(2009)’s “Zomia”; of what we smartly have chosen to call it Global village”. They would have not needed a giant cave like that of “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Son Doong</em>”, the largest-biggest cave in the world, discovered in 2009 in Phong Nha-Ke Bang <a href="http://www.vnnnews.net/tag/national-park" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">National Park</a> in Vietnam, about 8kms in length to 200-250m high where a skyscraper could fit; the end is out of sight; and, which the exploration team leader [in 2010] Dr Howard Limbert precariously said of it — ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">the two forests inside the cave enchanted the veteran explorers but is unsuitable for tourism, because it is too deep and its river flows too fast for the safety of unskilled visitors</em>.’</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">To accommodate only about a hundred people comprising of infants to the evenings; the proto-ancestors of CKZs must have needed a cave just few metres larger, in diameter, than the <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Zhoukoudian</em> or Peking man’s cave. For sure, the cave-dwellers/pit-dwellers who need no civic amenities, sanitation, electronic home appliances, steel wardrobes, Kurlon/Dunlop mattresses, Bolero/Scorpio, Pulsar, Activa, Mechanised Bricks, etc, the “Khul [-ol/-ur]” or “Chhinlung/Sinlung” must have been mostly occupied only to avoid the affects and effects of inclement weathers, climates, natural catastrophes; and from the attacks of wild beasts and of course, to <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">z-z-z</em> in peace at noon and night times.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">In the meantime, may I enquire and respond to myself — do we really need to be “<strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">a circumcised & repatriated</strong> <strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">to Israel”</strong>? My answer is, absolutely “NO!”. Because, we are not Mannaseh or Manmasi or Manasia but, originally a Sanskrit ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Manusia’</em> = humankind, people, man, &c. And possibly, those ancient Buddhist missionaries like <strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Taranatha</strong>, and the <strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Hindu Brahmans</strong> who had briefly sojourned and recognised our country as <strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">“Koki”</strong> (Kuki?) [Taranatha’s<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> “History of Buddhism in India”</em>, (Translated) 1990:330] had marked us in Sanskrit a ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Mlechchha’ </em>[<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">barbarians</em>] which we had twisted to “Miachal”, because, during those days of yore we were ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">unidentified indigenous people</em>’ extremely xenophobic; and, the hills in our country ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Nilachal’</em> [greenly hills/silver hills-mountains] which is also shredded into “Nelachal” and “Nilachal”. And then, the “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Sivan</em>” and, “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Devan</em>” in “Sivanlal”, “Devanngul” and “Devanthang”[L. Hranglien Songate, 1996:8] also seem to have been adopted/derived during the mosey days of Hindu Brahmans and Buddhists monks. One more example of such elements: the works of ThawngKhawHau (1955); VumKhoHau (1963); Capt. Khupzathang (1974); and, Vumson (1986). One could find that they do not know who the Suantak and Zahong were but still roll their yarns and continue to sell it out like hot cakes among gullible ignoramuses. The result is: Ngengu(Sijang) the child of Suantak from his *second marriage [previously out of wedlock] was put up as the eldest whereas Neilut(Suantak) who, naturally and customarily, remained bearing the name “Suantak” with all of his descendants for being lawfully the eldest issue from Suantak’s **first & legal marriage is neglected![* &** Sorry, that I have been compelled by these four romantic “novelists” to spurt one among the “hidden truths” of Suantak genealogy and past, which have been regarded ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">thianglo’</em> (forbidden to disclose/pass on to others) since time beyond memory]. Yet, I think, they deserve appreciation for they are among the pioneering CKZ’s history writers.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Where have we gone while people traced our past? How long peoples around us and even some of us going to use “migrators” or “nomads”—escapees [<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">see also</em> James C. Scott, 2009:22-24, <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">et al</em>] of the atrocities of the Chinese emperors/dynasties, the warlike Shans from Nanchao, or, Genghis Khan’s Invasion. Let us remind ourselves that not only Prof. Nick Thom[April 2008], even our brethren Marings’ tradition had also subscribed to what I have hypothesised in my previous write ups particularly, ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Sons of the soil we are!’, ‘Hypothesis on the evolution of modern human language [with special reference to Chin+Kuki+Zo tongue]</em>’, and in ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Defective Archaeological Excavations!</em>’. What the Maring tradition draws out is this:<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">“Not being satisfied with their</em>[Marings]<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> location in the plain, they migrated in a body to the hills lying close by, where they have since remained; the tradition among them is that the Kubbo</em> [Kabaw valley in present Myanmar]<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> valley was then almost entirely a vast lake</em>”[T.C.Hodson,1989:15]. Now, you may reckon the period when Kabaw valley was submerged and emerged, and also, when we had discovered the hills we occupied to this day. Marings shared, biologically, one thread with the Pawis of Falam town in present Chin State [(L) Col. (MNF), V.Lunghnema, 1993:301].</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Even prominent historians of India made it clear of their uncertainty in identifying the earliest settlers in India with these lines:<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> “We cannot know the history of any people who have left no record of their existence. There may have been people or peoples who lived in India in primitive times, but the evidence of whose existence has not yet been discovered. — We shall only deal with those inhabitants of India whose existence is known to us from some records they have left behind</em>” [RC Majumdar, HC Raychaudhuri & Kalikinkar Datta, (n.d?); <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">An advanced history of India</em>, Fourth Edition, Macmillan International College Editions, India, p.9.]. Right, none, except ourselves, recognised that we were already in this part of the Global Village since its hills emerged out of the <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">‘Geological’</em> water or, since more than ~20kya.BP. True, we have not left much remarkable records of out early period except the caves and tools in present Manipur hills; surface finding stone tools in <span class="wp_keywordlink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><a href="http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2010/10/history-of-mizoram-mizoram-history-birth-of-mizoram/" title="History of Mizoram" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Mizoram</a></span>; and, Neolithic tools and caves in the States of <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Kachin, Shan, Mon, Taninthayi</em>, and along the banks of <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Chindwin and Ayeyarwaddy rivers</em> in present Myanmar. And Scholars out there, you might have knew well, and earlier than me that <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Acheulian</em> tools and fossils are not associated only with Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, but also with us — the western and southern Asia! Thus, I am brightly kindled to expect something more in respect of our past that must have been related to the <em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Acheulian days</em>. Definitely, it was, and, is due to genetic ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">mutation</em>’ of humans that our lowland neighbours too have the advantage to claim these fossils as theirs!</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Our/CKZ language was the “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">proto-Sino-Tibeto-Burman language”</em> [mother-language] of STBs’ languages; neither Semitic nor Chinese etc. in origin. For instances, the Tibetan had stopped stressing the “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">t</em>” in “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">giat</em>” or “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">riat</em>/<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">riet</em>” [eight (8)] and had already slackened and reduced it to “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">gye</em>”. Its origin in CKZ for 9[nine] is “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Pakua/Kua/Kuo</em>”, but already loosen/slanged in Tibetan as “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Gu</em>” and in Burmese simply “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Ku</em>” in their abbreviated forms. These two languages have neglected to stress the “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">a</em>” sound in 9. In this way, a number of words have been marooned, reduced and slacken or putrid with some Sanskrit and other [lingo] elements. Again, CKZ word “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Gûn/Ngûn/Rûn</em>” for large river is mythologized by the Chinese as the name of the “regulator of rivers” or “controller of floods” with the same “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Gun</em>”. Besides, the Chinese keep on with them the CKZ’s “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">nu</em>” for ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">mother’</em> or ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">female’</em> and gradually mythologized with an additional term “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">wa</em>” and formed “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Nu Wa</em>” as the creator of the first humans.</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Evidently, majority of those languages [STBs] stemming out from CKZ languages have been developed with scripts and more words because of culturally and linguistically intermixing-sharing with other advanced ethnic groups [of later dates] during they mosey into the Southern China and Southeast Asian countries. Unknowingly yet quite in support of my hypotheses, let me flaunt again; Nick Thom had also dated the development of what he classified as “Kuki-Chin” and “Lushei” language(s) in ≈12,000-10,000BC, and those of other STBs & TBs in Myanmar, Southern China and Southeast Asia at a later date. As far as speculation is concerned in tracing the prehistoric natives of present India, CKZ (seems to had) preceded even the Dravidians, who are now mostly concentrated in South India since the arrival of the Aryans in ≈1500BCE [RC Majumdar & N.Bhattasali, 1930:6, 7].</p><p style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; ">Now, the logical message in this impolite and topsy-turvy write up is: First and foremost, let us know from now on—writing or narrating ‘history’ must be ‘<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">nitty-gritty</em>’, not somewhat like journalism [reporting news & events, or writing articles to their tune] or writing a novel. Strictly, research on ‘History’ is neither a child’s play nor everybody’s game because, it could destroy a number of generations of whom else? “YOURS, MINE, & THEIRS”. Two, let us from now refrain from being “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Jack of all trade and master of none</em>”. You can’t be “Rev-Pastor-Social worker-Historian-Contractor Saheb-Mahajonpu-Journalist/Novelist-Politician-Govt.servant-NGO’s Sir”, all at a time. Once a “History Scholar”, be it all your life. Three, let us re-think, re-examine/re-investigate our history or, at least, let us rewrite it as much accurate as we could. For this task, I would like to implore and exhort our promising and adventurous young research scholars of today who are serving/learning in several varsities and colleges of social sciences & theologies to intensively and extensively scrutinize our past lest we destroy ourselves and then cry over the spilt milk. I meant, let us not trace our history simply to fill-up the folios of our theses just to grab a Secular or Theological Certificate[s] like which I have labelled down: “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Selfish Certificate”, “Eco. Survival Certificate”, “Rev. Aksa-me Certificate</em>”, “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Popularity Pass</em>”, and “<em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Foreign Fund Slip</em>”. Otherwise, I could feel that even our ethno-geo-political voyage shall surely be sabotaged and hobbled by alienation and marginalise attitudes by none other, but from among ourselves. And let us know, we still have miles to go before we sleep…and how I wish if an honest and dignify “<strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">gifted-eclectic</em></strong> <strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">historian</em>”</strong> with sufficient knowledge of anthropology, archaeology, biogeography, genome mapping, linguistic, palaeontology, &c; plus, resourcefully expert interpreter of oral traditions be born for us shortly! And,…that’s it, what I could share and contribute for us today.</p><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">Source:</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "> <a href="http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2011/06/reliable-historian-is-yet-to-be-born-for-chin-kuki-mizo-people/#ixzz1R7XoYO00" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2011/06/reliable-historian-is-yet-to-be-born-for-chin-kuki-mizo-people/#ixzz1R7XoYO00</a></span></span><div><div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-74374331215377064602011-04-14T22:47:00.000-07:002011-04-14T23:05:08.206-07:00PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI thute<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: medium; ">2011/4/11 Daniel Sing<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><<a href="http://us.mc367.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=danielsingpu@gmail.com" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="color:#1E66AE">danielsingpu@gmail.com</span></a>></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; "> </span></div><o:p></o:p></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; ">To,</span></div></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:14.65pt;background:white"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: medium; "> Zo net sung pan Cing khup leh ngam bawm thu a ki cian aa thei ten ang gen unlen ,1. Gal ngam leh Hang sai thu, 2.Tha Noh nu tang thu,3.Peng lam thu,4.Thang ho leh Lian Do thu ,5. Man Dawng thu ,6.Kawl Mang pa ui tang suah na thu te 7.Len Tong hoi thu leh adang kei phawh khah lo tang thu te tang thu tuam tuam te ang ki gial thei lo cin hoi ven , Tang thu hoi no no te nang gial na ding un nget na kang nei hi.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Georgia; "> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; ">Daniel Singpu.WA <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); ">Khat leh khat ki it ding athu pi pen pen hi.</span></i></div></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "></p><div style="text-align: justify; line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: medium; ">---------- Forwarded message ----------</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">From:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">PUZO</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><<a href="http://us.mc367.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=puzonet@yahoo.com" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="color:#1E66AE">puzonet@yahoo.com</span></a>></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Date: Sat, Apr 9, 2011 at 11:21 PM</div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Subject: [PUZONET] I NET in alunggulh thu!</div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">To:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://us.mc367.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=puzonet@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="color:#1E66AE">puzonet@yahoogroups.com</span></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div> <!--[endif]--><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "></p><div style="text-align: justify; line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium; ">Dear ALL</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; line-height: 14.65pt; "> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "></p><div style="text-align: justify; line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium; ">Tam PUZONET pen leitung mun tuomtuom a om PUZO suon khat kim ahi ZO tateng AWKHAT aa iluonton thei nading, thu leh la kiza sah nang in hing kibawl khie ahihi. Pasien in ZO Tate pen minampi khat in hing siem ahi aa, NGAINA kicien nei, DAN kicien nei leh BIENA kicien nei minampi ihi vuh hi. Ahizong tuo te puoto na, lapsangto nate omlo hileh, tuzaw kum bang zah cikhat ciengin, ki mang ngil, kinel sie theiding ahizie in, Google ah kem in, sinto lei ZOKhangtha te adingin, gogil khat, pilna nga na munkhat ahi ban ah phat tuom na tampi minam ading om ding hi ci'n sanna kinei hi.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Arial; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Tam PUZONET pen koi a cidan hilo in, PUZO suon ZO ta khat kim aa ahihi. Tuo ahizie in, mipi ading phattuom na a piethei thu leh la, Leitung thulam ahi zong, Gamsunglam ahi zong, Biena lam thu ahizong i theite, PUZONet ah suosah leh kep dingin, hing at zelbo vun. Mailam ah PUZONet Site in a septo ding thu te ahi leh:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">1. ZONgai nate puohto aa, Online ah kep cingh nading,</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">2. Leitung mun tuomtuom a om ZO tate teng kizop nate hing hoih toto in ki-it semsem nading,</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">3. ZO tawh kisai thu leh late Net tawh hakhie ding,</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">4. ZO pen minam pikhat ihi nate minam dangte kung NET tawh lahkhie ding.</span></div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div> <span style="font-family: Arial; color: red; line-height: 14.65pt; "><div style="text-align: justify;">Note:</div></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Arial; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Thu hoih lam aa at ding mipi in hing ki lam en den!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">Deih sah natawh:</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; ">PUZO TEAM</span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt;">--</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 14.65pt; "> </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><div style="text-align: justify;">JOSEPH NANGPI</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><div style="text-align: justify;">( VISION WEB SOLUTIONS )</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><div style="text-align: justify;">Cell: (704) 492-4632</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; ">Office Site:</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "> </span><a href="http://www.visionwebsolutions.net/" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><span style="color:#1E66AE">http://www.visionwebsolutions.net/</span></a></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; ">Hosting :</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "> </span><a href="http://hornbillhosting.com/" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; line-height: 14.65pt; color: black; font-family: Georgia; "><span style="color:#1E66AE">http://hornbillhosting.com/</span></a></span></div></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "> </span>--- On<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">Mon, 4/11/11, Nangpi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><josephnangpi@gmail.com></josephnangpi@gmail.com></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">From: Nangpi <josephnangpi@gmail.com></josephnangpi@gmail.com></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Subject: Re: [PUZONET] I NET in alunggulh thu! Thu kim pi na</div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">To: puzonet@yahoogroups.com</div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Cc: "zomi" <zomi@yahoogroups.com>, sizangnet@yahoogroups.com</zomi@yahoogroups.com></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 14.65pt; ">Date: Monday, April 11, 2011, 3:19 PM</div> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div> <!--[endif]--><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14.65pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: medium; ">Dear U Singpu</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: black; font-family: Georgia; ">New Delhi, India gam Kumpi nasem sungpan khat a akihal ahi U Phillip Thang Lian Mang in a zum nasep kawmkal pan agiel ahi i Zo Taangmui khat hingha ing. Zop lai vai!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div> <span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><br /></b></span></div></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); "><br /></span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><b style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); ">PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI</span></span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div> <span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tânglâi in Zo khuo khat a na om hi. Khumi khuo pên Tomite khuo toh a na kinâi sim hi. Khumi Zo khuo min Tuolzâng a kici hi. Khunah ngâhnu tampi leh guolhlang tampi zong a na om hi. Ngâhnu zousie lah a pat in, numei khat a kitangkhâi tuom a,amanu mêl a hoi mama hi. A kitangkhâina ahileh,bang dang ahi sih a,Pasien in ama hih tam leitung mitmâi a,mu dînga hoi thei tawp a,a zep ahi. Amanu khu a mu tapou leh a en khata pou in ama mêl hoidân leh a etlawmdân agên mangngil thei sih uhhi. Tuaci ahi,zieh in Tomipa’n bangci leh ka kinunpi thei diei ahisihleh ka kiguthei diei aw? ciin asun-azân in a lung asân gige a,a kingaituo ngîtngêt hi.Khumi numeinu khoheina zousie leh bawl cinteng,a kâihlit kawikawi a,a dapcin zing hi. Tam bang Tomipa lungsim ahi ci anu leh apa’n a thei bep un a lawmte toh ki-apmai leh kimawl dîngin zong a phalta sih uhhi. Anu leh apa in, atanu a dei sêngsêng zieh un a min dîngin vânlâi a,âhsi tânsiem khat a tap u’a,tuaciin,Neino hisah vâi ciin ‘Neino’ a’ng minvawta uhhi. Nikhat Neino nu in a kûng ah hichi in agên hi: “Lawmnu zîng a i ngân huon nadîngin sing vapota in aw” a ci hi. Neino in tambang thu a zâh bepin a lawmte kûng ah:“Lawmte sing vapota va ui” acita hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino in sing gilgil tom Aguolte toh gamlah ah sing podîng un a kuon uhhi.Khuchia sing a tom khawm lâi un,a lawmnu pên in Neino kûng ah: “Lawm kei pên ka nu in tulâi in sahâng gâlhâng a tam toh singthem sing kang pou hing tom ngâungâu in len hing kilepaita in ciin ei hil hi” acita hi.Neino lêng in: “Lawm kei pên ka nu in zînga,i ngân huon nadîngin sesing leh gising gilgilnou,gêlsing gil hing puo’n” ciin ei vâihlâh bou hi ciin a dawng hi.Tuazou in, a guolnu zong ama-leh-ama kipat pai in, a inn lam zuon in a tumta vingveng hi. Neino in pên anu thugette mangin sesing gil nou sing gilgilte a tom a, tuachi in, a singpuoh a gih mama tahi.A kipat sawm leh,a singpuoh gih sêngsêng ahimanin amatang in a kipatzouta sih hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tomi tânghlonte Khucia lunggim leh lungkhamtah a, a op lâitahin, muoltâng gâl lamah tânghlonte in “Hei,ho,hei,haw,hai” cia kikou a ogin uh,azata hi.Tua gâl lam a,ogin a zâh bepin Neinou zong lungnuom sêng in: “Ka gâl a tânghawlpa awi, ka singpuoh ei pat di vawi aw,ka singpuoh gih sêngsêng in,kei matangin kipatzou si’ng” ciin a kikou hi.Khumi tânghlonpa’n hici in a dawngpai hi: “Ei gîng vateh! Ei gîng vateh!” ciin a kikou hi. Neino in khucia tânghlonpa’n a’ng dawn bepin,aw nêmtahin a hici ci hi: “Mi sap sa sapsap koi i kigîng diei?” acita hi. Khucia agên bepin Tomipa’n ; “Hitave’n, na puon in na lu ana khu inlen tuaciin nang patta ve’ng” cin a dawng hi. Neino zong a puon in ana kilukhu a,gâl lam a tânghlon pa kûngah; “Hing peita’w kikhulûp ta’ng e ” cia a get tahin tua gâl lam a, tânghlon Tomipa pên amanu pat dîngin a’ng kuonta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tomipa’n Neino samzam khat a dap bawpieh hi. Tomipa’n tua Neino khu a patta hi. Khucia Neino singpuoh apat lâitahin amanu puon awngkâh khat ah,agûhin a samzam zang khat a botdohta hi. Neino zong a singpuoh puo in apei a, inn a tun bepin a kàwng a ngâkhie a,a gil a lâi nat thuohla sêngsêng in,lupna sêna’n a kinei tadiang hi.A gil a lâi thuohla in a kipumpêhta pelpol hi. Nâsa taluo ahimanin anu kûngah: “Ka nu aw e,bang nei law diei bang nei law diei?,nâ e,si ing si ing e’’ ciin a gil a hûm vatun kawmin khosah-khohlang theilou in a pêngzâhta mai hi. Siempute a thoisah vângin amate’n bangma a lawdân dîng a thei tuon sih u’hi. Khucia gil nâ-lâi nâ a, a kikoukou bepin a nu in law dîng dân thei zoulou in a lungkham mama tahi. Tuacia lungkham leh mangbang a,ang op tâh ziehin a damthei nadîng ahi poupou leh, ciin tongciemna khat a’ng bawlta hi: “Ka tanu damsah a op leh, nu ahileh kizawlsah vâng,pa ahileh kinungsah vâng” ciin tawmsah lang nga kawm in, a kapkap ta hi.Tabang Neino nu thupuon pen Tomipa’n a zâhtah in ; “Pi,Pi bang ahiei na gên” ciin a dong ta mielmuol hi. Neino nuin a gênsa mabangin a gênpiehta hi. Tomipa zong lêng in; Pi e, keima’n thoi</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">dam vâng,keima’n bawldam vâng’’ a cita hi. Neino nu zong lungkham sêngsêng ahi ziehin Neino damtheina dîng poupou ahi nâhleh ciin Tomipa khu gingta in,tuaciin Tomipa’n Neino a thoisahta hi. Tomipa’n zong Neino samzam a na bawdoh pen amanu luzâng ah a phutkia pai leh Neino pên masanga bangin a’ng dam pailien hi. A natna zousie a bei sienga a’ng haldoh kiata hi. Khucia Tomipa’n a thoidam leh a damsah bepin a nu thuciem dungzui in Neino pên Tomipa toh a kinungsahta hi. Tomipa’n a pi kûngah Neino tunsa ei thata ve’n a cia, a pinu(a sungnu) in tunsa a gawpieh tahi. Voh tuh sagi a gol a kithat a, pasalte’n sa a sem uhhi. Tomipa pên sa siel nê ahi ziehin tua sa sielte a’ng et ciengin a kisem lâite a dugaw ta mama hi. Tua sa sielte a nêh nuom manin tuong hawm awng kâh ah,sateng leh sabeu a dap khie let a,a va nêh nuom manin,a nâmsua zah pen,a khiehsuo a kipang hi. Nâupangte kûng ah ; “Nâupangte aw, ka nâmsua ei va tun pieh ta vawi un” cia a sawl leh,tua nâupangte’n a tung nuom sih uhhi. Tuaciin,amapa va kuon suh in a va kitun a,agûhin,tua sabeute leh satengte pên a sielpi in tuong neiah phohphoh ciin, a hlâi guamguam a,a va kinêhta hi. Nâupangte’n Tomipa sa siel nêh a mu bepun Tomipa sa siel nê ci in a kikouzâh u’a,alang(a dem) valuoi uhhi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino leh Tomipa tomite khuo a zotna</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Zo tawndân a,tanu hlâhna zousie a kizaw bepin,Neino nu in tunsa sa beng guong in,a pasal te inn lampei dîngin a a nâunu toh a tunsa podîngin a sawl a,tuaciin a peita uhhi. Khucia Tomipa gam lamzuon a, a peipei uh leh lamkim khat ah luita khat a na om a,tuanah sûn-ann a’ng nê uhhi. Sûn-ann a nêhzou bepun Tomipa’n a zinu kûngah ; “Ngaino tuin mi pheiphung suon bangin na suon nuom ei? ahilouleh vazuong lên in,na lêng nuom zaw’i ?” ciin a dongta hi. Neino zong lêngin; “Ou,nangpa vazuong lên a, i lênthei tâh in nuom mabou ve ei” a cita hi. Tomipa’n zong Neino a mei in, a zieltawm a, a tou lênpita vungvung hi. Neino leh Tomipa’n a nâunu uh, a nuasie suhthop tamai uhhi.Tuacia,vazuong lên a,vânlâi a, a’ng lên vavung ciengin,a nâunu’n a nua mu a,a dâ sêngsêng manin a hlitui a naptui toh a kitehta hi. Lamdangsah pum in,kap kawmkawm in a inn lang ang zuonta hi. Inn atun bepin anu kûngah,hiciin a gên hi; “Na tanu dei pên muolsawm muolza ah tumta,muol a tumphe bangin a pheliplep u’a a tum mangta uhhi” aci hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino tandoh dîngin cielpina om</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino nuin a tanu Tomipa toh a kinunsah hângin a lungkim thei ta mawngmawng si’a,tuabepin thuciem khat a khosung ah a’ng phuongzâhta hi,tuapên bang e i ci leh,amanu’n taci’n a gên hi: “ Tulâitah a, ka tanu lazou a opleh ka voh tûhnga gawpieh vângin,tângmansî phehgol dimtah toh ka zubêl sawmtah toh mêsah vângin, ka tanu Neino toh kinungsah vâng in;tualeh ka hâusatna teng leh ka gam luosah vâng’’ ci in thuphuon a’ng bawlta hi. Tuaciin,khosung a tangvâl hât teng a hlânkhawm,a voh tuhnga a that a,zubêl bêl sawm a tâtkhie a,tângmansi phehgol dimtah a huon hi. Neino la zou dîng etkhietna in Neino nuin,tangvâlte silbawl dîngte a getkhiet pieh hi. Tangvâlte kûng ah hiciin a gên hi ; “ Na siellum uh vân lam a, na lêhtou dîng u’a ,tualeh tuol a a’ng tuhsuh kia masangin; vohthâu saba tong tan khat,na nêhzou dîng;zu sielkî tong tan dim na na dawnzou dîng;tângmansi bêl khat na na nêhzou dîng;muol a vâuzam kihlung na thalpi a,na na kâptan dîng; inn dung, inn vâi na na kânzou dîng;sumpi na na tupkêh zou dîng; suhtai sagi na balsan(tawnsah) dîng” a ci tahi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino hunkhe dîngin Nântal kipan</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Khumni in tuami khuo ah,Nântal leh Phuthil tegêl a ninu uh,kawm in a na tâm uhhi. Neino nu thugên zuiin tuami khosung a om,tangvâl zousie khatkhat in,a’ng kicieng dîmdiem ta uhhi. Neino nu thupieh silbawl dîngte abânbân in,a’ng bawlsawm cietta uh a;hinanleh koima khat bêh in,a bawl kûitung zouta sihhi.Tambang,Neino nu thupuonte Phuthil leh Nântal te ninu in a zâh ciengin, “Ka nâu Nântal in bawlzou ma dîng hive’n aw,va hlânta un”a cita hi. Nântal pên mi hât mama leh,teipi khawsiem leh thalpi kâpsiem mama ahi. A u pa Phuthil pên mi nusuoh simpi khat ahia,a ngêhhâm leh mi meipuoh mama ahihi. Tua mabangin,amauh unâu a va hlânta uhhi. Nântal in zong a lâhzou leh,Neino toh kinung kitêng dîng ahi cia a thei bepin a’ng kitawngtoloh mama hi. Ki-etna mun a’ng tun tahin,Nântal zong kipanpai in a siellum man pai in,a vân langah a lehtou vungvung a, tuacia vânlâizawl a, a thâm denlâi in ama’n a silbawl dîng teng a na bawlman zouta pailien hi. Tua zaw in, Neino hundoh dîngin Phuthil toh,a siellum,a thalpi leh a nâmsâu toh gamchin muolchin a’ng suita uhhi. Tuacia,a’ng peipei uhleh;Phuthil;mi meipuoh ahi ziehin,gam-mâng lah a, ju leh vate hâm pou a zâh ciengin a khita a,a zâu mama ta hi.Sa ketot pou, a et ciengin a ci a kilîng let hi. Buonnawi na mun khat a’ng tun bep un, Phuthil in topi( tawpi) ketot a mu tahi. Nântal kûngah; “Nântal nâu dei tami bang ketot e?’’ciin a dong hi. Nântal zong lêng in; “Ju kholoh,va kholoh’’ ciin a dawngta hi. A peipei kia u’a,munkhat ah,amasa a mabangin,Phuthil in Nântal kûngah a dong ta thimthem hi. Nântal in zong Phuthil thudohte cimhuoi sain ; “To(Taw) ketot mu ketot “ciin a dawngta hi. Tambang thu a zâh ciengin Phuthil zâuna a’ng kibelap a,amapa zâu sêngsêng in Nântal kûngah hici in a gên hi;</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal in Phuthil a nuasieta hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">“Nântal nâu dei keipi zâu bou ing e, ke’n tanah na’ng ngâhta vâng na ngentang im va kuonta’n” aci a,a zuingamta sih a, mun khat ah,a khawl den tahi. Khumbepin, Nântal in zong,a opna dîng kul khat a khawpieh a, âhluitang khat leh zawngpi khat toh a nuasieta hi. Kul sungah tuinâh khat a bawlpieh a,a upa kûngah: “Ka u tami tuikâi nâh,a’ng nieh a, na âhluitang suong a’ng dup leh,asi ka hita dîng hi” ciin khumnah,a nuasieta hi. Nântal a kuonzaw in zawngpi khat in khum tuikâi nâh a va niehsah a, Phuthil in a mu bep in, Nântal pên asi hita ciin a kap ngêtngût a valon ta a,tuana om zawngpi toh a kinungta hi. Nântal zong amatang in a peipei a,ni thumzou in Tomite khuo khat ah,a tung hi. Neino a om diei mah? ciin a kankan lele a,a sui kawikawi leh a’ng muta ngêi hi. Nântal in Neino kûngah;“ Na pasal hei’a om ahiei?’’ ciin a dong hi. Neino lêng in; “Ka pasal gamvâh ahi, ama hing tung leh nang hinkhawi sih va’n,nang that ngêingêi va e’’ ciin zâusah kawmin ahilta hi . Neino in, a gaptung a,pheh gol kikoi sungah amapa a dap phuolta hi. Nitâh in,Neino pasal;Tomipa a’ng tung hi.Ahing tun in, azinu kûng ah; “Tuni in i inn liem gimnam; liem gimnam’’ ciin sah leh hlang a phên kawikawi tahi. Khucia,Tomipa opdân Neino in a mu bepin,Neino in a pasal kûng ah;“Tubep a na thei pan amah? achîl a patsa liem ka hi chi na thei lou amah?Nei ît sih leh ei khûl maita’n’’ ciin phawhkawm in a houseta hi. Khumzouin,Tomipa zong kisuongla kawm in; “Nangnu,ka gilkiel e, ann hing bawlta in”aci hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal talpang apatin sisan luongkhie</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino in Tomipa dîngin ann a bawlpieh a,ann a nêh lâi un,gap tunga phehgol sunga a phuolpa adîngin sabeu(saphê) tûituoh tahtahte gap tungah asep tou a; “Lungmê, khâumaw, a na tai aw; ka Pasien ka Lungzai a na tai aw” ciin sabeu tûituohte a septou hi. Tuamabangin Tomipa’n zong Neino ci mabangin sagu baw khat nâhpitahin a septou leh Nântal talpâng(lutang) a sepkha a,lu leikou citah ma,a lutang apatin sisan a’ng suoh a, gap tunga kuon in ûm a bua bangin a’ng luongsuhta hi. Tomipa’n a mu bepin ; “Bang ahiei khuna hing luongkhe suh ?’’ ciin a en dîngin a’ng dîngdoh hi. Neino mi lungsim kintah ahimanin,“Na gongkha,na dang kha,nangpa i gap tunga a ka ûm koi sunga,ka sasi koi na sepkêhta khula ’’ ciin a phawhsie a, tualeh Tomipa mâitang a,sisan bâng khu a puon nengthem in a siapaita hi. Neino va pei in Nântal talpâng a va siapiehta hi. Khumzouin,Neino in Tomipa a mût sepsop a,bangbang a du diei, ciin a lungsim lam a sûisûi tahi. Neino in zong ngian bawl in Tomipa pen zucia mama a puo sipsep a,tuaciin zânlâi in a dawnsah a,a khuci tultulta mai hi. Tomipa’n a du lâisie a dawndawnsah kuom hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino in Tomipa zu a têkham ta hi</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tuaciin Neino in Tomipa zu a têkham hi. Tomipa’n zu a kham bepin, a kilawmliata hi. Khucia a kilia bepin, Neino in zong siatûl khat a emsa a, tuami in Tomipa ciltaw a dêpieh hi. Tomipa’n nâsa sêngsêng in;” Tu lâitaha, ei that nuom ei man nuom koi ahiei?” ciin a gâlgîh vavung hi. A hicici bepin, Neino zong lêng in: “ Mimopa, na zudawn kham lâitahin aw cina khat omta leh nei vêng zou dieimah? ka cina a hibou hi” a cita hi. Neino in Tomipa pên zu a tultulta mai hi. Tomipa’n zu a kham mama ta hi. Khuo a thei na lâi ei? cia a teptêna dîngin,Neino’n siatûl khat a emsa kia a, Tomipa bildawn a dêpieh leh amapa bangma khuo phawh lou in a kilawmliata hi. Tua bepin,Nântal a kiphuolna apatin a’ng kumdohta hi. Tomi khuo apatin Neino a’ng pûimang doh sawmta hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal in,Tompipa a tawhna thute</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Neino a pûidoh kuon in,Tomipa innsah pa kûngah hici a gên hi: “ Tuin mi kisa pasal kisa ahileh,ka bîng uh hing nuadel va’ng a ci leh,tam ka bawl zousie a’ng bawlzou leh,ei nuadelta heh aw ” a cita hi. Tua a silbawlteng tam bang ahi: (1)Nâtal in a masapên in a sumpi a tup leh a tûmkêh pai hi.(2)A inn dung a kân leh a kânzou pai hi.(3)A inn vâi a kân leh, a kânzou pai hi.(4)Suhtai sagi a pal leh, a palsanzou(tawngAsahzou)hi. (5)Khuomuol a vâuzam kihlung a thalpi in a kâptan hi. Tamteng a bawlzou in, Tomipa a tâisan u’a Neino pên a kizawpita hi. Zîngmawng khovâh in Tomipa a’ng khanglouta hi. Neino aw e, cia a hlat leh, koima’n a dawngta sih hi. “Hioilah! ka zi lah, ei kigûhpieh hita va e”ciin suh leh tou, ah Neino sûi in golumle in, a kileh kawikawi hi. Tuacia Neino a suimaw bepin,a innsahpa a doh leh, “Mi pasal khat in a pûimangdoh ta a, ama na nuadel dînga ahileh, a tohteng leh a bawl zousie na bawlzou leh, ei nuadelta’n a ci hi. Tua a silbawlte tamteng ahi:- Sumpi na tup kêh dîng; inn dung na kânzou dîng; inn vâi na kanzou dîng;suhtai sagi na palsan dîng tualeh khuomuol a vâuzang kihlung na thalpi a, na kâptan dîng” ci’n ahilta hi. .Tomipa zong a’ng kipanpai a, abânbân in, a’ng bawlzaw sawmta hi. Sumpi a tûm leh kêhzouta lou e; inn dung a kân leh a kimlâi ah a tungzou hâmhâm hi; Innvâi a kân leh a kal langkhat inn tungah a kinga hi. Suhtai sagi a pal kia leh,a ngalta a koh hi. Atawpna dîngin khuomuol a,vâuzam kihlung a kâp leh a kâptan zouta sih hi. Zum leh da kawm in, pasal kisa vethou a va del dînga lah, Nântal silbawlteng lah bawlzou lou ahimanin,a del lou dîng lah,a zinu kipuimangdoh ta ci thu a tuot ciengin a lungthah mama a,hizongleh lah,ama pen zâuna leh kingamlana lungsim pokawm in,amate a’ng nuadelta hi. Khuomuol lam ah, zu lên va lên in a lêngta zinzen a, khomuol kal khat a suo vazieu hi. Tomipa nuadel phâh dîng a zâu man un,Nântal leh Neino pên, gilkiel,dangta,gimna leh bâsapnate don manlou in a tâitâita uhhi. Gamlapi apatin</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: black; font-family: Georgia; "> </span></span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tomipa’n amani a’ng gâl muta hi. Khu gêl a’ng gâl mu bepin,lung thah sêngsêng kisa in a bah kâipi hâ thin in,a thing thopthop,a’ng suatâi sêmsêm hi. Neino khatvei a kinua hei leh,Tomipa bah kithing nelnul pum in amate lang hing zuon a muta hi. Tomipa’n Neino kûngah na khawl in a ci hi. A ci vângin amate gêl a khawltuon sih uhhi. Nitâh a’ng hi bepin khuo a’ng miel a,khomut hun tan in,Tomipa’n,amani,a pha zouta sih hi. Khomut ziehin a tâina lampi uh a thei zou nawnta sih hi. Nântal leh Neino tegêl gim sêngsêng leh bâsam mama ahi ziehun tungvûm pang khat ah, a’ng zân gieh dîngin a’ng kitawldamta uhhi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Pasien leh Lungzai kihouna</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tua banga a op lâitah un, Tomipa bangma thei loupi’n tungvûm pang lang khat ah,a’ng khawldamta hi. Zânlâi in Tomipa khumi tungvûm kîmvêl lah a,h a vâh kawikawi leh,miliem gimnam a’ng zata hi. Ahivângin, Nântal leh Neino pên a mu khasih hi. Tomipa pên âinei a kihlêm thei ahiziehin khutegêl mu têitêi nadîngin phûisam in a om a,a lungmuong gawp hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tam bang, dinmun a, miliem leh saliem a’ng optâh ciengin,zânlâi in tunglam a om Pasien Pa leh Lungzai a’ng kihou uh hi. Pasien in Lungzai kûngah: “Miliem i panpi diei, saliem i panpi diei?’’ciin a dongta hi. Lungzai zong lêng in:“Mihiem in thâzou leh matzou a nei leh a’ng thei gige a, tualeh zong zu leh sa a nêh kuon ciengin,ka Pasien na tai aw, ka Lungzai a na tai aw;ciin sabeu lienlien butang lienlien,zutui satuite a’ng pe masa cîtciet a,tualeh a’ng pâtawi ngîtngêt hi. Hinanlehzong, saliemte,taw(to) leh mu,in tambang thute a citâh zaw sângin; a zâng a,a tuo a zâng ah a nê a; a kên a, a tuo a kên ah a nê a; a kawm a, a tuo kawm ah a nê hi;bangdînga mihiem i hutlou dîng e? Mihiem i hut dîng ahi.” ciin Pasien Pa kûngah a ngâidân a peta hi. Pasien Pa in zong Lungzai thugên dihsa in, a thugên khu a pompiehta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal in Tomipa a thâna</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Khumi,zânlâi in, Nântal leh Neino a kimuttui mama uh a,tuacia a kimuttui lâitah gêl in,Nântal in mang khat a nei a;a zâlmang in oging khat a zâ hi, tua oging in hici in a ci hi: “Nântal na tungah khuoimu khat hing lâm e,na lâl hie, na nâmtempha zûn in len vâtsan pai in” a’ng kici a zâh bepin,amapa zong a khanglou pai hi. Tambang oging pên o maimai ahi sih ci a thei ziehin,amapa’n zong a kho-hlung a, a nâmsâu pâisiet khinkhian khu a pâi akuonin a’ng dohdoh a, zûnkhe pai in,tuatahin,a tunglam a,lâm khuoimu khu phet ciin a vâtsan paita hi. Tua khuoimu tunni kisuo pailien pen a’ng kiehsuh tahin Tomipa lêng lâi tunni kisuo pailien a’ng suohta hi.Tuaciin,Tomipa a’ng thatta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Khum bepin,amate gêl a peipei u’a gammâng lah khat ah a’ng giehta uhhi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Azîngni in, a peipei u’a, Phuthil a na khawlna mun lam a’ng zuonta uh hi. Phuthil in, a nâu Nântal pen Tomite khuo a, Neino va hundoh dînga thâm ahiziehin,sawtsa mama hi. Nântal a’ng peipei leh lampi thuom ah, zawngpi khat singpuo a’ng muta a, zawngpi singpuoh lam theikha na’i si’ng e! ci toh thuo in a sâtlia paita hi. A thongpi sungah a guong a, a pota hi. Inn a’ng tun bepun, a u-pa kûng ah : “Hi aw, u tami zawngpi hing em min vawi”a cita hi. Phuthil in, tua zawngpi pên a mu tah ciengin ; “Nântal nâudei tami na mou hilou î ?’’ ci kawmin, a kapta hi.Nântal lêng in; zawng leh mihing kinung ngai sih a ci a,tua zawngsa,a huon u’a, a min bepin, a hluohbu a u-pa a nesah leh, Phuthil in tui sa mama in,hici in a gên hi: “Nântal nâudei tui vaphiam bou e!” aci hi. Tuaciin tûitahin a ne pialpual hi. A’ng peipei kia u’a,munkhat ah zân a’ng hi in,tumphuol a dêng u’a, a’ng giehta uhhi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Leimidawngte toh a kinîlna uh</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">A giena uh gâllam ah, Leimidawngte a om uh a, amahaw husa leh thawmgin a theita uh hi. Leimidawngte’n Neino mêlhoi ci a thei u’a,amanu pên a’ng matsawm leh a’ng lâhpieh sawmta uhhi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Leimidawngte in; “Ka gâl ate koi leh koi na kinîl uoi?’’ ciin a’ng gâldohta uh hi. Nântal in hici in a dawng hi: “Keima Nântal toh Phuthil toh,Neino toh ka lum toh ka nâmsâu toh, muol a salâng ka thâ,keima gûn hlî lâng ka bah,keima meikâm kuong ka bah” cia a’ng kikou leh Leimidawngte lungzâu mama un a kikhîn mangta uhhi.Taciin sawtpi khat a kidêh dêhdêh uhhi. Zânlâi a’ng hita a,Nântal a kimut suoh mama ahi ziehin Phuthil pên Leimidawngte dêh dîngin a’ng ngansieta hi. Zânsawt nua khuovâh kuon langin Phuthil pên a’ng gim mama ta hi;kimut suoh kawmin Leimidawngte a kidêhpipi leh, bangbang a gên dîng e? ci zong a theisiem nawnta sih a; tuaciin amapa’n Leimidawngte hici in a dawng hi: “ Phuthil in Nântal toh gûnkuong a salâng ka thâ keima gûn hlî lâng ka bah,Nântal meikâm kuong a bah’’aci hi. Tacia a ngêhhâm pen Leimidawngte’n a zâhtah un Phuthil o(aw) ahi ci a’ng thei bep un,thakhat in, a giena uh a va buluta uhhi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino kimatna</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tuabepin,Neino Leimidawngte’n a manta uhhi. Phuthil lei a dawdohpieh u’a tuaciin hâmtheilou in anuasieta uh hi. Khuo a’ng vâhta a, Nântal a’ng khanglou hi. Neino op lou a’ng thei bepin ;“Phuthil,Phuthil Neino hei’a om ata ei,Neino hei’a om ahiei?’’ ciin a dongta thimthemta hi.Phuthil zong hâmthei lou ahi ziehin um tun, bêl tun, bangin a kitung belbol a; a,a,a,u,u,u; ciin Leimidawngte peina lang en in,phâiphêng phung lam a kawhkawh maita hi. Nântal in, a uitang pui in Phuthil toh Neino sulnua zui dîng in ama kawmuna lam a’ng zuonta uh hi. Tuacia a’ng peipei uh leh, lam gei khat ah phâiphung khat a na pou a,tuami mun a uitang in, a va del a, a mun a tun bepin kong,kong,kong,kang,kang ciin a kawh kawh a, a kutcin toh pang in leisâi a khuot hi. A uitang in phâiphêng phung a va khuot na mun ah,a vapei a, tua phâiphêng phung khu a va phungkalta a,tuacia, a’ng etsuh leh,khuo khat a mu ta hi. Nântal in khâu khat a sât a, Phuthil kûngah: “Phuthil,Phuthil na khâu hing zûn aw, ka ci ciengin hing zûnsuh in aw”ciin a kihilta uhhi. Nântal in khum khâu kizûnsuh tu in Leimidawngte khuo ah a kumsuhta hi. Leimidawngte khuo a va kum leh Neino a na om ngut hi. Amaute’n Neino a mat uh, kipâh,guolnop, zu nêh sa nêhna a na nei uhhi. Leimidawngte kûngah Nântal hici in a gên hi: “Neinou leh Phuthil lêi ei pie un nei pieh sih uh leh ka lum hing thing leng,ka tei hing khaw leng,ka thal hing kâp leng na unpi un, na si gam sieng dîng uh hi”ciin a gâlgîh hi. Leimidawngte in Nântal kûngah : “Nang lum thin vâng in, nang tei khaw vâng in,nang thal kâp vâng in, koi khuo koi tui si gam sihva’’ ciin a dawng uh hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino kihlâna,Phuthil lei kipiehkia</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Leimidawngte’n Nântal thugette a tahsan lou ziehun,Nântal in zong a hâtna leh a silbawltheinate a suopai a,khumi in, Leimidawngte tampi a si uh hi. Tuaciin, Leimidawngte zâu sêngsêng un,Neino leh Phuthil lêi Nântal kûngah a pepai kiata uh hi. Tuazou in,Neino leh Phuthil lei khâu ah a khî a,tunglam a, om Phuthil kûng ah: “Phuthil,Phuthil, na khâu na zun aw” aci hi. Phuthil in khumi khâu a na zûnpai hi. Phuthil in Neino a na kâitou a,a lêi a kilâh a, a kivaw kia pai a, tuaciin a’ng hâmthei kiata hi. Phuthil in khâu khat ma Nântal kâitou nadîngin leinei lamah a khesuhkia a, Nântal in khumi khâu a zam pai a,Phuthil kûng ah: “Phuthil na khâu a na zûn ve’n,na khâu na zûn ve’n’’ a ci hi. Phuthil in Neino a hlagul manin, ale amah in a nâupa ahi ci dawng hi: “Khâu a na sâttanta’n na ci a’mah?’’ a cita mawh hi. Phuthil in Nântal dîngin khâu a zûnpieh ta sih a,a sâttanta hi. Neino a kipûimang tahi. Nântal pên Leimidawngte khuo ah a nuasieta hi. Neino in Nântal a ngâi mama a,dâ mama in a kapkap ta a,a mâumâuta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal in Leimidawngte khuo ah tate a nei hi. Khuciin,Nântal pên Leimidawngte khuo ah a nop a da in a’ng têngta hi. Amate toh a kigop a,Leimidawng numei khat zi in a nei a,ta 4(li) a tawi uhhi. Khuciin a’ng luhing(khosa) tou zêl uhhi. Leimidawngte toh a kipawl vângin a lungsim a nopthei tuon sih hi. Bangci leh,Neino toh ka kimuthei kia diei maw?, ci in asûn azân in a lungsim a gêlgêl tahi. Lunggim mama kawm in,a innsahnu kûngah a gentheinate a va sût a,a va gieutâu ta hi. Tua nupi nu in a na lungsiet man in,kânggui khat suon in ciin a thu hilta hi. Tua, a innsahnu thumang pai in ama’n kânggui khat a’ng suonta hi. A zinu khu’n amapa lungsim a theisiem ziehin a tate kûngah: “Khuna,na pa kânggui suon pên a’ng mên pat cieng’n leh, a zîh va sihtan paipai un ahisihleh na pa pên tunggam lam ah a kikâimangta dîng ahi”ciin a tate a hilpil a,a tate’n zong a nu hil bangbang in a bawl let uhhi. Tua kânggui pên leitunggam a, zâmman lou in a sihtan paipai uhhi. A lungdon manin Nântal pen Nupinu kûngah a va hawkiata a,a va kikuppita hi. A tate in tua kânggui pen a sitan paipai ahi,ciin Nântal a hilta hi. Tuaciin,Nântal in zong a tate kûngah;</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">“Tu langkalsie khuna kânggui zîh sihtan kia ka thei leh ka thâ dîng ahi” ciin a gâlgîhta hi. Khumi kânggui pên zânkhat thu in a na khang sâu pailien in leitung ah a na zâmtou a, vân toh kidêp phiel in a na zâm hi. Nântal in zong hun mansuo kêi lou in, tua kûânggui zût in,tunglam ah a kâitou pai hi. A nei lang a,a tate’n “Pa,pa kei zong hing pei vâng,ei nuasie si’n,ei zawpi bou aw” ciin a kap lieiluoi uhhi. Ama kawng leh sakhâu tu in a kiluoi valuoi u’a,a tate kâ leh mâu a mu ciengin a lungsiet mama zêl a khuciin ama a kâitung thei zêl sih hi. A innsahnu kûngah a va pei kia a, leitung gam a kâitou thei nadîng bang a om diei? ci in a vadongta hi. Nupi in Nântal kûngah hiciin a hil hi: “Na kâitou ciengleh na thongpi sungah tângvâi(vâinêl),a dim in kipuoh inlen na tate’n a’ng kâ ciengleh na tângvâi(vâinêl) puoh khu thêkhum suh lacin a mit u’ah tu vâ’n,a mit uh a nuoi lah kâh un leitung langah na tung man ta dîng hi ”ciin a hilkiata hi. Nântal in nupi nu thupieh bangin a bawl a, tunggam a tungta hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal tunggam a'ng tungta</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal leitung a a’ng tun bepin,Neino opna a theizouta sih hi. Uimaw gamsu bangin a’ng peipei a,munkhat ah, a’ng tungta hi. Tua mun ah,sang-âh in âh -pi khat a na em lâitah a’ng tuohkha tahi. Nântal in; “Hei’a na mat ahiei ?’’ ciin tua sang-âh a dongta hi. Sang-âh in: “Neinote inn neia ka mat ahi.” ciin a dawng hi. Nântal in sang-âh kûngah; “Ke’n tami âhpi nang na empieh vângin tu’nle tâi zinzen in len,khum mun ah,va kuon kia in len Neino te âhpi kâng khat va man kiata’n len,na’ng kile ciengleh lampi tungtawng ah,a mul khatkhat in hing botthâng malam in aw” ciin a sawlta hi. Nântal gên mabangin sang-âh a kuon paita zinzen hi. Neino te inn, a tung a,a inn neia âhpi kâng khat a manta hi. Nântal thuhil bangin tua âhpi multe khatkhat in, a’ng botthâng malam a,Nântal opna a tun tadongin,a bot pheiphei malam hi. A kûng a’ng tun bepin sang-âh pên, Nântal âhpi emsa ne dîngin a kinêmta mama hi. Hinanleh,Nântal in tua âhpi pên a na emta sih hi. Nântal in sang-âh kûngah hiciin a gên hi; “Âh na mat ciengin em sese da in,mite’n hing thei va un,nang del va un, na âh mat a’ng lâhpiehta dîng uhhi.Tua sângin a multe botthop in len,a kinkin in, kinêh lacin na hamphazaw va” ci toh thuoin tua âhpi khu sang-âh mâi ah a tuolseta(pâisuhta) hi. Tuani apatin sang-âh in âh a mat ciengin emlou in ahing in a neta hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal Neino kûngtung Tuaciin Nântal in tua âh mul kibotthângte a’ng zuizui a,Neinote inn sah ah a’ng tung ta hi. Neinote inn a va lut pai dîng lah a zum ziehin,a innsah nu uh kûngah khiba zua a va kipangta hi. Tua nupinu in a khiba zua a lei nuomta sih hi. Nântal in a inn hlangte kûnga a va zuapieh dîngin a ngên hi.Tuacia, a kihou lâitah un,Neino in a za a,Nântal osuo(awsuo) kisûn a sa pai hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">A innsahnu in tua khiba khu Neino a va zuata leh,Neino in zong tua khiba a mu tahin, Nântal khiba ahi ci a thei pai lien a,Neino in ; “A neipa hei’a om e?’’ ciin a dong paingâl hi. Tuaciin,Neino in Nântal a va kimupita hi.Tualeh,Neino kisuongla kawmin,sil opdânte a kip akawi in,Nântal kûngah a hilsieng hi. Neino in Nântal a na ngâi na lâi mama hi. Nântal in amanu a ngâidân thute;leimidawngte khuo apata a’ng pawtdoh dânte acien atâi in a gênpiehta hi. Kingâi sênsêng ahiman un, mawng bangin a’ng kikawi pum paita uhhi. Nântal in Neino thusûtte a zâhkhiet ciengin a lungthah mama hi. Phuthil pên nop hinsah lou dîngin a lungsim sungah bangbang pi a’ng ngaisutta hi. Phuthil a’ng tun tahin,Nântal,inn sunga om, a’ng mu phetin Phuthil zâuna,kisuonlana leh zumna toh kidim in,Nântal kûngah khupbop pai in,ngâidam a ngên hi. Nântal in pen Phuthil a u-pa ahiziehin a that nuom sih hi. “Nasep na nuom ei, ahisihleh âhtate hun na ngâpzaw ei?” ciin Nântal in a dong hi. Phuthil in âhtate hun dîng ka ngâpzaw hi aci tahi. Nântal in a u-pa ngalta a hliehtawng a; tuaciin Phuthil pên heima ah zong ding zou leh vâhdoh theilou in innzâng ah âhtate hung in a mangta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Neino in Phuthil'a dîng âi a dênna</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Phuthil pên gilou mama a sah ziehin, Neino in thuohla mama kisa in, a mu da mama tahi. Nitâh khat mi thei lou kâh in,Phuthil thâna dîng vâi a sawmta hi. Tuaciin, Neino in nitâh ann nêh kuon in Phuthil nêh dîng âi a dênpieh tahi. Nântal adîngin sîng a dênpieh hi. Phuthil pên a tâzaw ahimanin,ni mu masa,hla mu masa citahma,ama kilungsim bawl a na thei kiûkiâu hi. Nitâh a’ng hiin Neino in annkuong amate gêl dîngin a’ng lûita hi. A annêh lâitah un,ngian siem Phuthil hâm in; “En vawi uh,khuna mupi lêng khu gol sâm e!” a ci leh khugêl in tua pen mupi tahtah hiva cia a-et kâl un Phuthil in a hlêngkuong uh a na hei tuoh manin,tuaciin ama masang ah sîng kidêng pên a omta hi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal leh Neino sina</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Nântal mâi ah âi kidêng pên a omta hi. Nântal in a mâi a kilûi âi kidêngsa khu a ne a, a gûi pai hiâu a, a shi paita hi. Neino in Nântal shi nua in a ngâi mama a,sun leh zân in a kapkap ta mai hi. A kâlateng hici in a bawl hi: “Âi ka dên,âi ka dên Phuthil dînga âi ka dên; sîng ka dên,sîng ka dên Nântal dînga sîng ka dên aw e;Nântal luong in sawngta zaw; [valuh luong leh vahlânhla sung pâlva’n bawm e],Nântal na hânkuong zâng ah sielching nâupang tânglâm e” ciin a hlitui a naptui toh kiteh in, a kapkapta hi. Neino in Nântal shi a ngaituo ciengin a pûl a doula mama hi. Neino hûiva bangin a mâumâu denta mai hi. A lungkham sêngsêng ziehin Nântal kivuina hân zong a theizouta sih a,koima in zong a hil sih hi.Neino a peipei a, gampalah ah,sielching nâupangte toh a kituoh hi. Tuate a va doh leh, amahaw’n a thei uh ciin a gên uhhi. Neino in sielching nâupangte kûngah: “Nântal hânkhûh na lâi un len,tualeh,ama luong na laidoh ciengun keima zong ka nâmtem in kisunlia vângin ama toh tuaciin ei vuithata un,tuazou cienginleh ka khiba hing kihawmta un ” ciin thu a peta hi. Neino deina,thûmna leh ngetna dungzuiin,sielching nâupangte’n Nântal hânkhûh a lâidoh(huotdoh) u’a, Neino in a pasal luong kihlung vadiang a mutah in lâidîpnâ sa mama kawmin,a nâmtem hiem,a lâidîpkuo toh a sutuo valien a, thakhat in,ama leh ama a kisunlia hi. Khumzouin, Nântal luong tungah a lumsuh a tuaciin hunkhat zou in Neino a sita hi. Tambang thute Phuthil in a zâh ciengin a dâ mama hi. Tua bepin,tuami khosung a mi gilou pawlkhat in,Neino leh Nântal ki-ît leh kingâi thu a zâh ciengun thangse mama u’a,hâgawi pum in,ashisa tegêl luong pên munkhat a kivui lâi vuiton lou dîng ciin vâi a’ng hawmta uhhi. A shisa tegêl kuo a’ng khuotdoh u’a,Neino luong pên lui-gâl lam ah a va vuita uhhi.Hun hing kivei zêl in,tua ,a kivuina mun ciet u’ah, mawng sing khat ciet a’ng pou tuohtuoh tahi. Tua mawngsingte pên a dawn lam,a’ng khang huoihuoi a, tuaciin a bâzâm gêl a’ng kikawituota gêl hi. A sinua un zong a kingâi nalâi uhhi;ci etsahna khat a’ng suohta mawh hi. Migiloute pen êngse mama u’hi. Khomipite a ciel u’a, tua mawngsingte a’ng phua sawmta uhhi. Mite’n mawngsingte a sâtsât u’a,hinan-leh,tua mawngsingte pên a pua thei mawngmawng tasih u’hi. Khomipite a gim sêngsêng zieh un, gilkiel dangta mamata uhhi. Tua singhlîm neiah a’ng khawl u‘a,a anphêlte uh ne dînga a’ng hon lâitah un,tuami mawngsing khu thakhat in, a’ng puasuh a pasal nempi a nenlia sieng tahi. Khomipite a thangpâi man un,tua mawngsing pen a sât teltel u’a; a ten nên dimdem u’a,hâltum dîngin munkhat ah a sepkhawmta uhhi. Tuazouin,a hâlsawm uhleh a kuongtheita malmal sih hi. Tua mawngsingte a kuontheilou bepin,a mawngsing tungah a’ng toukhawm u’a, sun ann a’ng netonta uhhi.Tuacia, ann a’ng nêh lâitah un,thakhatin mei a’ng kuong a,a khozâng pi un,a mei in,a kâng tumta uhhi. Tuazouin,thakhat in, meikâm(mei-âm) kuong singseng ni tah a’ng kilehtou a, a te sîlsiêl in,vânlâi zawl ah a lêngtou ta uhhi.</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Vân ah âhsi ni in a tângden ta gêl hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tuaciin,leitung tawp donga,Leitung mihingte theizing dîngin;vân ah âhsî ni in vântung sângah a tâng denta gêl hi.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">Tungdim,Tungnung,Tunglut leh Tungte pen Phuthil leh Nântal hlâh leh suonte ahi uhhi. -</div></span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: justify;">BY MK</div></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Net sim teng,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; ">Ta "</span><strong style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); "><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI"</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); "> </span></b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; ">cia nang sua uh pen Zolai Simbu Tan (Grade) IV ah "<strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Neino, Nantal Tangmi</span></strong>" ci'n Zogam ah kisin. 1984 kimpawl in Kawlgam kumpi in minam Chin, Kachin, etc hamte sangah sim sah nawn lo a, tudong cieng sangah Zolai kisin talo dan hi. </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "></span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Ka mu lo ahile ei ngaidam un len "</span><strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); "><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI"</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "> ah Neino le Tawmi te sun-an neh a a kiho na uh om lo, "</span><strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); "><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">PASIEN LE LUNGZEI"</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; ">" kiho ci a, <strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Zolai Simbu Tan IV</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Neino, Nantal Tangmi in </span></strong>"<strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Vantung ah Pasiente kiho</span></strong>" ci a, Tawmi le Neino sun-an neh a a kihona uh zong gen hi. </span><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">Tua kihona ah "<strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Neino, Neino ba iiza na khawng tai</span></strong>" ci'n Tawmi'n na dong. Tami '<strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">ba</span></strong>' ci kammal pen Zote behin zangha, ii sanggam Simte le a dangten zangh lo uhi.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "></span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">"<strong style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"><span style="font-family:Georgia">Neino, Nantal Tangmi</span></strong>" toh kisai kum tawpsa lam in khat vei ii net ah gen ngai zo ing.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Neino, Nantal Tangmi tawh kisai dohna thupi 2 om. Keima muna hi bo.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "></span><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> 1) Zolai Simbu Tan IV a bawlpa Mssionary J.H Cope in Neino, Nantal Tangmi haipan na thei?</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> Lomzaang khua Pu. Mang Cin Khup (MP) ii pa, Pu. Tuang Za Go kungpan na thei.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> 2) Neino, Nantal Tangmi in bang ei hil?</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> Tampi ei hil. Tuasung pan pawlkhat:</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> a) Neino, Nantal Tangmi pen Zo Tangmi ahina.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> b) Zote tang a tuan a Pasien thei minam ihina. </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> Missionaryte : Carson, Cope ten Pasien Tapa Jesu/ Zeisu thu ei hil ban uah, Pasien ii theina u le ii upna uh ang belap uh (2008 UZO khoppi, Atlanta ah gen ngai ing).</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> c) I pu ii paten To Thum gawm Pasien 'Trinity" sese ahisi zongin, Pasien khat ngentang hilo in 'Pasiente' na thei uh.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "> Zo Tangmi a ngai nuam, a gen nuam ngetngut, comment le analysis a bawl nuam le mite comment le analysis te zong a thei nuam,</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> Hang Do Lian</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: justify;border-collapse: collapse; "> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Dear Hang Do Lian,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Lungdam huoi tam banga thu leh la, tangmi taumui nana kandoh pen hoi hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Na gente pen pai ding seng ka mu sih hi. <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Zo taumui ma ahihi, chi pen ke'n zong pom nuom ing.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Phuthil leh Nantal-Neino Nantal taumui pen bangzieha kou Tungdim te a dieh hi, ka chi e? i chi leh, kou Pupa Pu Nantal tangthu ahizieh ahi, Zo tangmi ahisih ka ci na ahi tuon sih hi. Zo tangthu taumui lui vawt khat ahihi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Ka khangsutna uh, tam mun ah muthei vateh.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt"><a href="http://zoculsin.blogspot.com/2008/12/tungdim-genealogy.html" target="_blank" style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><span style="color:#1E66AE">http://zoculsin.blogspot.com/2008/12/tungdim-genealogy.html</span></a><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Kipah ing,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">Regards<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt">U Mk<br /> --- On<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">Wed, 4/13/11, Hang D Lian<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><sawmpa@yahoo.com></sawmpa@yahoo.com></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.4pt"><br /> From: Hang D Lian <sawmpa@yahoo.com><br /> Subject: Re: [PUZONET] PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI<br /> To: puzonet@yahoogroups.com<br /> Date: Wednesday, April 13, 2011, 12:51 PM<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></sawmpa@yahoo.com></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; display: table; "> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes; outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial; display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit"> <td valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial;display:table-cell; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt;outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">U MK,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Na lai giel na sim ing.. nuam mama ing, ngaidan le mudan kihopna khangsah ding ahizieh in!<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Pu. Tuang Go pen Manlun be ahizaw a, Mantuang hi sih.. ahin, Manlun, Mantuang cite dawisa kineh theite hituah uh izaw!<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Na ci mabagin, tu a Neino, Nantal Tangmi nang at pen India lam a kigen banga nang gen ahi lam ken zong na ngaisun thei ing. Ahi'n Zote bang hun pawlin India le Kawlgam na lut uh kandoh, theidoh ding a pawimaw gige khat ang suah in ka um hi. Tuahile, Zo khang, Zo tangmite ii sut ii gen dan uh ang tangzang tuam dingin um ing.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Tuale, " Adiehdieh in, Kou Tungdim phung/be dingin tami tangthu/taumui pen ka pu ka pate na gamtatna thu leh la ahimanin, Phuthil leh Nantal ka chi nuom zaw hi." na ci pen ka telkhiel sii le, Neino, Nantal Tangmi pen Tungdim be-te tangmi hi, a ci dan na bang hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">I tangmite uh, be khat phung khat po ii tangmi ii sua sah dinguh ngaisut huai mama ding hi. Zo thau, Zo innte a om bangin, Zo tangmi zong a om hia Zo a om ziehin Tungdim, Manlun, Mantuang le a dangte zong a om hi zaw.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">"Pasiente" ci kammal pen, Neino, Nantal tangmi beh a ka sim, ka thei ahi sii a, Pasienthuzui a kihi masang lai, ngaina lui sunga om pivuai puvuai ka mu ka thei ten, thusia a om teng in "Pasiente na ngawn in awi sii ve" a ci thei zel ua, thu hoi thupha a om ciengin zong "Pasiente zong lungdam vah" a ci uh, ka bil tawh ka za a, tuaziehin 'Pasiente' ci ka mal zah pen Theology 'Pasien Thu" ka sin masangpeh a ei kihilsa ang suah hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Theology ka sin ciangin, Pasien khat "One God" ci pen Christian Theology le Jewish Theology in a hil lam ka sin kia hi. Jewish Theology in the "Sonship of Jesus" Jesu le Pasien a kizopna a pom lo hangin, Christian Theology in "Sonship" a pom ban ah, Hupa Hlagau Siangtho zong a pom lai a, tateng thum: Pa Pasien, Tapa Jesu le Hupa Hlagau Siangtho gawmpen To Thum gawm Pasien "Trinity" kici pen hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Tamteng ziehin Neino, Nantal Tangmi a 'Pasiente' ci kammal zah suah ding ii pu ii pate ei hilna le Christian Theology ei hilnate ziehin vaiha kasa ta sii hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">"Ba iiza na khawng tai" Tawpi'n a ci bangin Neino in zong ci.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Zo tangmi le Zo ngainate thupisa in a ngaina,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Hang Do Lian<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><br /> --- On<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial">Tue, 4/12/11, mkaangzou tungdim<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"><mkaangzou@yahoo.com></mkaangzou@yahoo.com></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><br /> From: mkaangzou tungdim <mkaangzou@yahoo.com><br /> Subject: Re: [PUZONET] PHUTHIL LEH NÂNTAL TÂUMÛI<br /> To: puzonet@yahoogroups.com<br /> Date: Tuesday, April 12, 2011, 11:27 PM<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></mkaangzou@yahoo.com></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial"> </span><o:p></o:p></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; display: table; "> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes; outline-style: none;outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial; display:table-row;vertical-align:inherit"> <td valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;outline-style: none; outline-width: initial;outline-color: initial;display:table-cell; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px;-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Dear Unaupa Hang D Lian aw,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Na thu dohnate pen ka theisiem mama ahi, hinanleh, kou India lam a Zo omte theidan lien a, ka'ng giel ahi bou hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Zolai a kisim pen thu khat in koita lei, taumui a ei Kuki-Chin-Zomi te cultural setting sunga kumzalom tampi na kigengen te pen kibang lien va,kikim lien va, kikhat va chithei ahi sih hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Hun a'ng peitou dungzuia taumuite zong themkhatkhat a na kikhelthei mawh ahizaw hi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt">Adiehdieh in, Kou Tungdim phung/be dingin tami tangthu/taumui pen ka pu ka pate na gamtatna thu leh la ahimanin, Phuthil leh Nantal ka chi nuom zaw hi. <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Khumi mun leh hun ah, Pasiente hizaw lou in, Pasien leh Lungzai kihou ahibou hi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia">"Nangpa nangpa bà iza na khawngtai" chipen khuh Neino hizaw lou am?<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia">Bà chi pen Zo kammal mama ahi, na gendih hi.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia">Lomzaang khua Pu. Mang Cin Khup (MP) ii pa, Pu. Tuang Za Go kungpan a JH Cope in ana lahpen, Mantuongte version hizaw va chi'ng. Kou Tungdim Phung version pen tu-a ka giel khuh ahihi. Version tuomtuom tampi om na lai hi. Hmarte version khat zong om hi, India lamah. Thadoute version zong om hi. Amate'n Muoltinchan leh Langchal achi uhhi.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Pasien khat i na bieh uh ahi. Pasiente hilou in ka thei hi.</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Ahina tah leh a moral lession na gente pen dih zel hi.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"> <!--[endif]--><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"></span><span style="font-family:Georgia"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Tamza hiphot heh.</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">Keima</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial">MK</span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"><span style="font-family: Georgia;color:black"><span style="outline-style: none;outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 19px; border-collapse: separate; "> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Net sim teng,<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Tabangneng kikup a lunglut lo om kha dinga, tuate tungh kisuang ing.. hina'n le, gen ding poimaw tanghtangh a hisam lo hang, ii ngaina le Pasien thu kaigawmna thu khat ahiziehin, mudan le ngaidante kihawp ding thupi sa ka hiziehin mudan pawlkhat ang gen kia ta sawnsawn vang.. ei na ngaidam ta un,,, na lunglut thu a hisii khah le!</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Pasiente ii ci hang, Zoten Pasien khatbeh ma um hi. "Ka Pasien na tai in" aci hangun, Pasiente hilo hi, ci thei ding hi tuan lo hi. Protestant Tapidaw "RC a hilo Tapidaw" ten, To thum gawm Pasien khat a pom hangun, thunget ciengin Pa, Ta, Hlasiengtho min tawh ngen tehteh tuan lo hi. Jesu min ngen thei uh.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Kawlgam ah ei ham in government pen kumpi kici. Government hoina or sietna a kigen cieng "kumpite gilo" or "kumpite hoi" kici hi. 'Kumpite' a kici hangin Kawlgam ah kumpi khat beh om.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Lai Siang Tho siem pen ten zong 'Trinity' To thum gawm Pasien khat thu mikim pom thei dinga a gen a sut siem thei nailo bangin, Zoten Pasien khatbeh a up theina uh a gencing le a sutcing thei om lo dinga, om phiel le zong bang a pansia dinga, tua a patsiate pomcing/lo ding ngaisut ha lai ding hi. </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">I pu ii pate upna le muna ah, dawi or lungzei nam tampi a, tuaziehin dawi biehna or siemthoina a na bawl lai un, sum le siel, zam, khi na manpha te khuaikhep or tungman tawh na bawl in, tuate dawithoina'n na zangh uhi. A dawi le lungzei nam tawh kizui in, a bawl uh sum le siel te na zangh uhi.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">I pu ii paten Dawi a bieh ciengun Pasien bangmun ah na koi, limtah kantel in thei thei ulei, Lungzei dinmun dihtah ii theithei kha divuai iizaw!</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Dawi bieh or dawi thoi le pusa bieh kibanglo ii theicietsa uh hi dingin um ing. Dawi cicieng, gun dawi, gamdawi etc om tuah. Pusa or Pusha pen a siisa ii pu ii pate hlagau te ahi.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">"Lungzai Pasian pen Holy Spirit dan in i Pu-le-pate'n na bie uhi." Tami pomna Zo siemteng te le, Pusa Dawisa biehna kizangh kammal te bulphu a limtah genkim le sutcing ding kisam vah... Kawlgam a om Zoten Lungzei pen Pasien Hlasiengtho dan in mu lo uha, Zo siempu te siemteng ah kihal sii le kilawm! A ziehpen, Lungzei ci limlim zong Pasien tawh kilebul linlian hi lai hi.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Pusa or Pusha ci na ngawn, gen in pan lei, gen ding om van, hina'n le bangpen pansia ding? Kei bangin Pusa a ci. Aziehpen, ka khankhietna ah Pusa kici. Kei a dih pen hi ka ci lo ding hang, dih siih zong ci tuan lo ding.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">"Hillel Halkin in a laibu "Accross the Sabbath River" ah tami 'Sha' kichi pen 'Yahweh' min agui ching a kilou ngamlouna apat hing kipan ade aw chi ngaidan anei hi: Yahweh> Yah> Zah> Zha> Sha>... chidan a hing ki transform dan in ngaisut aum thei diei?"</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Tam thu ngaisut ding pawl khat 1) Bangteng pansia a Halkin in tabang a ci thei 2) Halkin pienzia le lungsim puah zie:gentena'n, bang minam, a khankhietna kim le pam etc.. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">3) "Across the Sabbath River" a giel ding ciengin research hai ah koite kungh na bawl?</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Ka theibat cieng ang gen leng.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">A pianna America ahihangin Halkin pen Jewish minam hi. Haibang dan Jewish orthodox or liberal, Christian Jews ding thei singin, tua zong thei huai lai kha ding hi... a thugente ii pi ngaisut sawm ule!<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Journalist 'Lai at siem" khat ahia, Biblical, Christian, scholar or theologian etc, hi lo hi. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Across the Sabbath River a giel dingin India gam Siingtang mite: Mizo or Lushai, Mar, Sim, Zo, Kuki or Thado etc te pansia in interview bawl ci hi. Tua a interview Singtang mite Judaism (Siingtang mi tep tante)te hi tuah deu. Siingtang mi teptante lungtup a lienpen in "Israel gam a ten ding" hipi pen.. Moreh a Zo teptan pawlkhat le ka khua ua teptan te gen na bang a hi nah le!</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Israel kumpi in Singtangmi teptan hon khat DNA en in, a gam uah la tapi hi tuah. Bang zieha amaute kila a diei? Israel te gal nanpi ding a diei? A lost tribe of Israel "a mang Israel be khat" ahi zieh uh a diei? A mang Israel be ahizieh uh hile, Singtangmi zosia hilo ding a diei?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> Tu a za tawh hiel bawl phot vai ee..<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span"> Hang Do Lian<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: medium; ">Dear Lawmte,</span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; ">Neinou tangthu a "Pasiante" kichi pen "Pasian leh Lungzai" hi diing in gintat ahuoi zaw hi. 'Pasiante' ichi vang in Pasian tampikhat nei china in ka ngaisut sih hi. Aziehpen, Pasiante a kihouna uah, "Mihiem in neeh leh dawn anei chieng in ang thei hi" achina uh zong um hi. Mihing in atheina ahileh, "Ka PASIAN ka LUNGZAI na tai aw" chi ahia, "ka Pasiante ka lungzaite" chilou hi. Tami umdan ahileh Pasian khat leh Lungzai khat tuoh (Binitarian Theology) hiizaw diing hi. Jesu chi kammal a kigen kha ngai malmal sih hi. Aziehpen, tami Binitarian gintatna khu BC hunlai a kipan ahizieh zong hikha thei a, AD masang ahizieh a Jesu kichi kithei khalou leh Trinity chi zong kitheikhalou himaithei diing in gintatna kanei hi.</span></div></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Tualeh, Zou systematic theology enta lei - God the creator (Pasian: a menifestation-te khu Tung Pasian, Pasian siengthou, Khovaah Pasian, Sianmaang, etc.) hi dan in a kilang hi. Creator hina nasep a zaw apat ama duty um nawnlou bang phiel in mihingte nichin umdan ah kigol senglou a bahna chieng aum hi. Ahin, hinna piehna or piensahna kichi himhim ama a um abang hi.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Abanah, Lungzai Pasian pen Holy Spirit dan in i Pu-le-pate'n na bie uhi. Lungzai chi kammal khu "Lungsim lien" or benevolent china zong ahipai a, deity thumte lah a "Preserver" chidan tawh a kibang hi. 'Pusha-Pasha' ikhietdan ah "ancestor worship or ancestors' spirit" ichi pen zong hoitah a etphat ahuoi kasa hi. Ancestor worship (Khanglui mite biehna) ahiei ancestors' spirit (Khanglui mite lhagau/haga) maimai hilou in 'khanglui mite'n ana bieh uh 'lhagau/hagau' hizaw ahi chi theisiem diing ahi. (It's neither the ancestors nor the ancestors' spirit, but the spirit that the Zou anecstors worhsipped - the Lungzai which is a menefistation of the 'Sha') Sielsunglut, Lousielpieh leh Khobawl kithoinate i et chieng in Pasian-Lungzai pen kikhentuom lou a, amaugel umkhawm leh hina kibang dan in biehna kibawl a, Lungzai/Pusha khu preserver dan in kichiemte hi. Hillel Halkin in a laibu "Accross the Sabbath River" ah tami 'Sha' kichi pen 'Yahweh' min agui ching a kilou ngamlouna apat hing kipan ade aw chi ngaidan anei hi: Yahweh>Yah>Zah>Zha>Sha>... chidan a hing ki transform dan in ngaisut aum thei diei?</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Atawpna ah, Jinmaang kichi khu susetu, natna-satna hing tuntu, lungkham-mangbat hing guontu chi'n i pu-le-pate'n ana ngaisut uhi. Zou systematic theology ah 'Destroyer' in kikhethei hi. Ama minte ahileh Jinmaang, Nuoi jinmaang, Khomiel pasien, etc. chidan in a kithei a, a menifestation-te ahileh Dawi leh Kau, Gamhuoi, Hajau, Lhangneel/Hangneel, etc. chite ahia, atenna ahileh Kawlsie, Tuili, Tuivamit, Guomthuuh, Singsie-suongsie, etc. chite ahi hi. Tami spirit-te'n natna-satna, kamsietna leh shina-manna tanphau ang tutthei zieh in i pu-le-pate'n 'worship' lou in ana 'appease' (lungkimsah) uhi. Thamlou in i pu-le-pate'n leimidawng (alien) te um in zong ana gingta ua, zilliin chieng in leimidangte'n leitung kingatna khuompi loh (shake) uh hiva chi'n 'keima um nang ee' chi'n na kikou uhi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:14.65pt"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Khai Minthang</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Moderator,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span">Zou Workshop Forum</span></span></span></div></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><b><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span">Dear Khaimin</span></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span">Ken zong nang ngaidan bang ka nei hi. Pasiente kichi khu Pasien leh Lungzai ahi dingin gintathuoi sa'ng. </span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span">Regards</span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 14.65pt; "><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span">Pu Mk</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-53587394976970067532011-03-23T04:27:00.000-07:002011-04-09T11:21:26.470-07:00‘ZO-ENGLISH-HINDI SELF TUTOR’ RELEASED IN NEW DELHI<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><b>New Delhi, March 14, 2010:</b> An eminent professor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, P. K. S Pandey released yesterday the “Self-tutor Book of Zo-English-Hindi’ at the Sunday Worship Service of MELC Delhi here in Munirka. This is the first book among the Zous in India having an International Standard Book Number (ISBN).</div><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587236554734837522" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 128px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 96px; TEXT-ALIGN: justify" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsDxWWVOLvZlKgB_LdQfhHNcO4VLepYnft9nAgSfIIei1fkufZCDOGqg6eI5vgfuGh4M2sEhAdfYrw1XUObh9ZuCZN2SwiZUlcn3A_3P7pZtZdkAzCtujh-sSy814yYJ0tivFaZoX2DKiF/s200/IMG_0041.JPG" border="0" /> <br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The book was released by Prof. Pandey, Centre for Linguistic (School of Language, Literature & Culture Studies), JNU, New Delhi in the presence of government officers, scholars, students, church leaders and various community leaders.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In his speech, Prof. P.K.S Pandey said: “It’s a very special privilege for me to associate my self to release this precious book. Philip’s book is a pioneer in the field of Zo languages. We don’t find big officers writing languages and culture. Most of these books are written by the academicians only, but it is also rare. I am deeply inspired by his works. JNU is proud to have Philip as research student. I hope he will inspire the educated youths and others.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">MELCD Pastor T. Lalpu blessed the author and his book.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The author, Philip Thanglienmang explained how the book came into being. “The traditional shawls, Puanlaisan (wear by men) and Puandum (wear by women) is a symbolic representation of Zou,” the author said. ” It took eight years to complete the book”.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The books written by scholars are costly. However, the author admitted his book is priced at nominal rate (Rs. 200/-) so that many people can easily buy it.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Words from Well-wishers and friends</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">On the releasing day, during ‘speech from, if any’ slot, the following persons sprang up and shared their words:</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Tongmin Misao, chairman, Kuki Worship Service, spoke on behalf of KWS, said: “We really appreciate Pu Phillip’s work. We wish him, and his family, God’s blessing.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Mung, chairman, Tedim Chin Development Society, said: “Though he might be busy in his office, yet, he could write book. Philip set a good example for us.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Ngamlen, vice-president, Kuki Students’ Organisation, said: “Many people will benefit from Pu Phillip’s book. His work is also a kind of service to God.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Kammuanmung, research scholar, JNU, said: “Hindi is a big problem for many of us. The book will help us a lot. After reading this book, I hope I would able to argue anyone in Hindi.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Muanneu, M.Com, a Sunday School Teacher in ZCF Delhi, says, “I appreciate Pu Phillip for bringing out such a finest book ever among the Zous”.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Suanliankhup Baite, a veteran student leader, said: “I came to Delhi in 1999. In my early days, life was so horrible without learning Hindi. Now this book will add more ideas. I wish the author to come out with more pictures/photographs in the next books.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Thangzalun Khuptong, a prominent leader, wonders, “How did Bro Philip manage his time?”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Joyful Tonsing, president, Siamsinpawlpi (SSPP), says: “Among the Zomis, we have such keen researcher in language is a pride for us. We appreciate his works and wish him the best in the days to come.”</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In 2006, Philip Tanglienmang authored the following books:</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(1) Zo Lahaamte, Kigeentena leh Kiteekaahnate Haambu (Vol. I) (Dictionary of Zo Poetic Words, Metaphors & Similes Vol. I)</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(2) A Brief Biography of Subedar Peter Thangkhokam (NB: About his beloved father)</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(3) Ka Hinkhuo Tomkim by Mari Lienzanieng (NB: About his beloved mother)</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(4) Ka Katekizam Masapen</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(5) Katholic Zailate leh Mass Lamzuuina</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(6) Zou Grammar and Composition for Class XI & Class XII</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Now another two books of the same author is in press. It is likely to publish this year.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Though the releasing function was organised in simple manner, however, the turn out was quite impressive. The function ended successfully. Praise the Lord!</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">A copy of this book can be obtained from 9999593603, 9899951458 & 9810317775.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">About the Worship Service</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The releasing function is a special item of the Sunday worship service in MELC Delhi. The service was chaired by its Local Secretary. Nu Mengnu, Imphal, who came to Delhi few weeks back, opened the day with her soulful prayer after reading the scriptures from Amos 5:4… It was followed by mass prayer. Mass prayer items include – i) Delhi Zomi Crusade (16-17 March), ii) Zougaal Day (March 17), iii) For the Japanese brethrens hit by the earthquake and Tsunami in Japan, iv) Miss Mary Manhoihching (d/o Upa Tuanzagou), Daizang, Manipur, v) Shri Philip Thanglienmang & his family, vi) Mr. Paugoulun, M. Tanglian, Manipur, vii) Upa Thonghang (Founding member of JCA), Nagaland, and viii) Shri Khaikhansuan, BSF Camp, Chhawla, Delhi.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">After mass prayer, Pastorpi Niangzadim crooned one of the church hymns. Then PCI (Reformed) Pastor T. Liankholal shared some of the testimonies of Pu Roching Pudaite, founder of Bible for the World (1971). He encouraged the Sunday devotees and blessed the ‘faith promise’ form. Then these were distributed among the people.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The sermon began. Pastor Lalpu, after 45 days leave, it was his first sermon. He cited St. Luke 2:15. After the message, the gatherers were delighted to hear the song sung by Mr. Boboi and Mr. Thangnou. These two youths praised God with their sweet voice. While they sang the song, a young lady, Grace Valte gathered the Sunday offerings and collections. And Pastor Lalpu made the offertory prayer.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The Local Secretary highlighted the biography of Philip Thanglienmang. MELCD chairman T. Zamlunmang also shared his opinions about the book to be released. During his sharing, the special guest arrived. Then the main item ‘Book Release’ began. The author introduced his guide, Prof. P.K.S Pandey, who subsequently released the book. Prof. Pandey also gave a nice speech. After that the author introduced all the invitees who were present. He began sharing his ideas and opinions. Pastor Lalpu blessed the author and his book. The Local Secretary wind-up the evening by compiling vote of thanks. The worship service ended with benediction of Upa T. Ginsuanthang. Thereafter celebrating the new book with ‘special refreshment’ provided by Philip and his family. LYF Delhi was entrusted to sell the books.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">About the Author</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mr. Philip Thanglienmang is the fourth son of (L) Subedar Peter Thangkhokam Tungdim and (L) Mari Lienzanieng. He has 5 brothers and 1 sister. One of his brothers is no more. He was born on 22 February, 1964 in Singtom village, Chandel District, Manipur (India).</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Early Education</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">From 1970 to 1975 he did his primary schooling in his home town Sugnu at St. Joseph’s School, Sugnu, Manipur.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Matriculation and College Education</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He completed matriculation from Loyola High School, Jakhama, Nagaland securing the 10th Rank in Nagaland Board in the year 1980, obtained distinction marks in Hygiene, science and Geography subjects.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He bagged the Nagaland State Government Scholarship and he went to St. Edmund’s College, Shillong to complete Pre-University Science in the year 1982 with distinction.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In the year 1986 he passed out from Lukhdhirji Engineering College, Morvi, Gujarat securing First Class B.E. (Civil Engineering) degree.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He completed M.A. (Linguistics) in the year 2007 from Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">From 1987 onwards he served as S.O-Grade I in Manipur Public Works Department under the Government of Manipur.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Married to a beautiful lady, Nuomzavung on March 7, 1993. His family is blessed with two daughters and two sons. They live in Delhi Government Officers Flats at Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In the month of June, 1993, he was promoted to the rank of Assistant Engineer as Gazetted Officer. He served as Assistant Engineer (Dev.) in the office of Deputy Commissioner, Churachandpur till 1996. He qualified in the UPSC Civil Service (Main) Examination by opting Anthropology and Geography subjects. In 1996, he joined DANICS (Delhi, Daman & Diu, Dadra Nagar, Andaman, Nicobar Islands Civil Service); an IAS-allied service under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. He is posted with the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. He is currently pursuing Ph.D in JNU, New Delhi.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">His Designation</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He is the Joint Registrar in Cooperative Society (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), New Delhi.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He founded Zou Cultural cum Literature Society India (ZOCULSIN) in 1998.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He is the president of United Zou Organisation (UZO), Delhi.</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">- Bruce K. Thangkhal</div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Source: Zolengthe.net</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-14842457735115932732011-03-21T22:48:00.001-07:002011-04-05T03:58:51.927-07:00Léisièt leh Léisièt phêngté(Earth and Earth’s plate)<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Léisièt ahileh a mùnmùn a phalkê<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>h, a phêngphêng a kiphalsuò ahi. Sumkuong pháw banga a phêngphêng a phalké<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>h a kikhenkhiè ahi. Léisièt ahileh atúnga patin a néi tàndóng in adàndàn in(layer upon layer) a kikhenkhiè a, dàn 5(nga) tahin a kikhenthèi hi. A dàn thûhpên khu <b>Core </b>‘lâilung’ a kichi a, abànah <b>Outer Core</b> ‘lâilungpú’, khumí bànah <b>Man</b><b>tle</b><b style="font-weight: normal; "> </b>‘léituòmna’ ahia, tamí túng lién ah <b>Athenosph</b><b>ere</b><b style="font-weight: normal; "> </b>‘<span style="font-weight: normal; ">t</span><span style="font-weight: normal; ">úinêm </span>dàn (semi-liquid layer)’ a<span style="font-weight: normal; "> </span>óm a, tuámi túngah <b style="font-weight: normal; ">Léisièt phêngté </b>‘Tectonic plates’ a kingà(rest) a, a lâm(float) úh hi. <span style="font-weight: normal; "> </span>Athenosphere túngah Lithosphere leh Atmosphere a óm úh hi. Léitàng phêng túngta pênpên Lithosphere ahi. Lithosphere pên Suóngtùmpí chìna ahi. Lithosphere in ahuòp ahileh Upper mantle dàn phabèp khàt leh Crust ahi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Tamí bànah Hydrosphere-Ocean ‘Túikângpí’ ahi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGwsZzsMkNbhnud0LinM4A0nDUphSQP46vhCcIWroa6sbwXkt4g_oM6vcPZlN7mhVmC_M-2SLZpTO8ouCND-EX_mXPMKfyI6p_QHW62MURKv37DElvrS-bTTnBDbDoWZU9FoIRPEnNHZ-p/s200/images3.jpg" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 139px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586787350421447730" /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Continental Drift</b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Nidánglâi in, ‘Theory of Continental Drift’ kichi khàt Pu Anotonio Snider leh Pu F.B Taylor in na gén masapên úh hi. Tám Theory in a na hìl ahileh; Léisièt gamkài phêngté pên <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>atùm vilvel in a na óm a, na kipià malmal lòu úh ahi ach<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Raavi">ì</span> hi. Léisièt phêngté kitàttuòdàn, kihèidàn, kikâhtuòdàn leh léisièt phêngté chi tuomtuomté<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>khu Pu Alfred Wegener German mipil khàt in na hilchièn(explain) masapên hi. Amà’n a getdàn in<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>Pangea</b> kichi khàt léisièt gamkài gólpí khàt na óm hi. </p><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj780z-gEBEcgcIhyphenhyphen8YiU89ubjh0JkiR-Q5CVG_gCF-gr3FP6wDf9nDTIkSYNSdzBKj5-AaI6Tx9dzRg8HosOQYTVZmKK5WZxnV9tu1U1OfhOwcflrqLKj4phyphenhyphen774UcTYV3rUcTcnbEVoOm/s200/250px-Pangaea+%25281%2529.png" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 185px; height: 200px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5592047337011752322" /><div style="text-align: justify;font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; ">Tuámi pên </span>Panthalsa</b> túikângpí liénpí khàt na kuólkìp hi, a chi hi. Pangea léitàng tùm pen Carboniferous hunlai in ana kéhkhè u’a, a phêngphêng in a na kiphalsuò úh hi.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; ">Tuáchì’n khúm léitàng(Pangea) pên a na kéhkhè<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a, khàtkhàt in a na kikhenkhiè u’a, áwl áwl in, a na kikâh dèudèu u’a, na kigamlá dèudèutà úh hi, chì’n na hìl hi<b>. Gravitational </b><b>forc</b><b>e</b> zièhin<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>sahlám ah a khínkhiè u’a, hlapí hù leh nisa hù (tidal and sun gravitation force) zièhin<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tùm lámah a kikhínkhiè u’a, na kite<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>nkhè<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>úh hi. Tuáchì’n Urop leh <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">South Africa</st1:place></st1:country-region> gamkài phêng patsà in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>, <st1:place st="on">Asi</st1:place><st1:place st="on">a</st1:place>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> gamkài phêngté a na piengkhiè ahi, chì’n na kige<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>n mìnthang úh hi. Pu Jeffreys in tami theory pen a pòmhâsa leh têchi dihtahte a oplòu zièhin mipil Pu Jeffreys in hlapi leh nipi hù vàngin léitàng phêngté kikhenkhe zou sih vá chì’n na niélkàl hi. Tuáleh, léitúng a tâng leh muolté, zìnlíngté, muolpawhté leh silpieng dángdángté khu a hilchiènthèi sih hi, a chi hi.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Ahivàngin, Continental Drift theory zièhin mipil támpíté’n Léisièt phêngté, gamkài phêngté, bangchida<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>n a na piengkhi<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">è </span>ahi uòi? chìpên na ge<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>n leh na hìl masapên khàt ahi zièhin, léisièt pìlna lám sûité díngin suóngphà thupí pên khàt á’ng suohtà hi. Tuáchì’n, hún híng péi ze<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l in, túnia kipomleh kisim; <b>Plate Tectonics Theory</b> híng piengdoh ahi. Continental Drift Theory pànsià in, khúm túngah díngin theory thâ khàt; ‘Plate Tectonics Theory’ kichi léisièt phêngté kinìltuò leh kikêhtuò, kikhínkhiétdànté chièn dèu in a kigénthèi hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Plate Tectoni</b><b>cs Theory</b> dungzuiin léisièt pen phêng(plate) liènpípí phêng 7(sagì) a kikêhkhèn leh kiphalsuò ahi. Khumi léisièt phêngté pên anéia léisièt na<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l <b>At</b><b>henosphere</b> ‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">túinêm</span>(semi-liquid) dàn’ kichi túngah kingam u’a, a lâm úh hi. Léisièt phêng gólté khu<b> Tectonic plates</b> zòng a kichì hi. Khúm<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>léisièt phêng gólté ahileh chi 6(guh) a phá hi;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Pacific Plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Eurasian Plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->African Plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4. <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Indian-Australian Plate</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Antartica Plate.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->North American Plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->South American Plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><b><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjawik1_WlcSeWfFJzeYea3FQeiIJteslRtJY5Hlfox615UPnWDwoNheXG_1YscAvbiQovkxQbpMmyFxHSh8IkiLje25_BKO1CRBHOc4I3zHJhMXfUI9MAP2OtxdjgxzSkBA8NVF8uGRnac/s200/earth_plates_usgs_L.jpg" style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 116px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586784711255901426" /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; "><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 1.0in"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Léisièt phêng gólté</b>(Tectonic Plates of the world)</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Léisièt phêng ne<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>uzàw 7(sagì) a óm hi. Tuáté ahileh;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">i.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Arabian plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">ii.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Nazca plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">iii. <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Juan de Fuco-plate</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">iv. <span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Carribean plate</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">v.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Phillipine plate</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">vi.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Cocos plate</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.75in;text-align:justify;text-indent: -.5in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .75in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">vii.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place st="on">Scotia</st1:place> plate</p><p style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisièt phêngté bangchi t</b><b>àwn let úh ahi uòi?</b></p><p style="text-align:justify"><b></b>Léisièt túng lím leh mêl guóng khu léisièt phêngté kùmzalom támpi sungteng a kitahtuò leh kikhíntuò zièh úh ahi. Tám léisièt phêngté pên sumkuong pháw tobangin a kitemtuò ahia, a kiphánkhàwm toh kibangin a óm hi. Khuchiin a kitahtuò zél u’a, a kikhíntuò let úh hi. Tám léisièt phêngté pên anu<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">ói lám a léisièt dànté (layers) toh a kitèkâh leh pên tuáté sánga zángzàw ahimanin, tuà </span>léisièt phêngté<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal"> pên k</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">humi léisièt dàn túngah a lâm(float) hi.</span><b> </b>Leisiet phêngt<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">é</span> leh phalté(rocks of lithosphere) kita<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>tuòna, kikhènkhiétna, kisuh tuòna, kikhi<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>nkhiétna leh kikâhna lim leh guóngté ge<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>nchiènna thusim khu <b>Plate Tectonics</b> a kichi hi. Tám léisièt phêngté pen hun chin in a piàpià(ta<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ngta<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ng) u’a kini<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>lni<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l tuò ze<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l u’a, tám leisièt phêng leh phêng kikâlah léisièt phêngté kikhènna leh kigàwmtuòna gamgíté(tectonic plate boundaries) a óm hi. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">Léisièt lâilung sung pên s</span>ùn leh zàn a, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">khawl ngái vàwt lòu a, pià zing ahi. </span>Léisièt lâilung sàt zièhin Léisièt phêngté a piàpià ngìtngêt úh hi. Léisièt lâilung sa màmà khu léisièt vòt dàwm mùn atúng lámah a kiníltóu let a, khuchiin léisièt phêngté áwl-áwl in<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a pià(tang) u’a gèntèna in, kùm khàt sungin inchi 2(ni) bang a táwn let hi. Léisièt saté atúng lámah á’ng kâitòu a, léisièt vòtdèuté pên a tumsuh a, anéi langah a kithòlsuh a, a kigòltum zél hi. Léisièt vòtdèuté a tùmsuh zàw chiéngun á’ng sakiá in, atúng lámah á’ng lâmtòukiá úh hi.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">I.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kikhènna gamgí pen Diverging boundary a kichi hi.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">II.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Kigàwmtuòna gamgí khu Converging boundary a kichi hi. Tám bang gamgít ah leisièt phêngté a kini<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>lni<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l tuo zing u’a,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kikh<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">è</span>nna leh kigàwmtuòna silté(tectonic activities) a túng(occur) ze<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l hi.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZezPLjT627dp1hP4PEJyHbup4WYaTGr3WL-za4NFct1w481Wbk40ul1YV90PFA6ku2745v1ydwDX6G4hLTTvrecdSi_cpLk0rh9BoKIK3tuZwa6rADnqKRrCczvxK1zSk8SRrkTqCZ09n/s200/imagesCA6O3PMB.jpg" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Kikhènna gam</b><b>gí</b>(Diverging boundary): Léisièt phêngté kikhèn zièhin túipí nuóiah muol leh tângté a pieng a, léitúng ah Rift valley(gamku<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>hsuh/gamkesuh) a pieng hi. Tám bang gamgí Léitúng a lu<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ipí sa<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>upên Izipt gam a Nile lu<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ipí, Red Sea, <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Israel gam a Dead Sea, Jordan gam a lu<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ipí khuh Gamkesuh(Rift valley) túnga vei leh luong ahi. Muolpawhté(volcanoes) zòng tám l<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">éisièt phêngté </span>kikhènna mùn ah a pieng támpên hi. Tám kikhènna gamgí mùn a léisièt phêngté á’ng kikhèn a, á’ng kikâhtuò chiéngun a kigamlá dèudèu u’a, a kikâhtuòna mùn ah <b>Spreading/constructive boundary</b> a pieng hi. Léisièt lâilung pàtsa híng kipàn ahimanin, a sa màmà a, apá ahi zièhin, atúng lámah á’ng lâmtòu a, léitàng kikâhtuòna m<span style="mso-fareast-language: JA">ùn ah á’ng kikhólkháwm a, khuchiin, </span>Léisièt pú thâ(new earth’s crust) a piengkhe let hi. Tám léisièt pú thâ in léisièt phêngté a sáwn a, a kigamlasah dèudèu hi.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Tám bang siltúng pên Ridge Push ‘Geisáwn’ a kichi hi. Zìllíng/Zìnlíng ne<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>uté támnah a<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>túng let hi.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Kigàwmtuòna </b><b>gamgí</b>(Converging boundary): Tám kikhènna gamgí mùnté ah léisièt phêngté a kitahtuò, a kisutuò u’a, a kini<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>ltuò ze<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l úh hi. A z<span style="mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">óulà pênpá khu a nuói lámah a tumsuh(lu</span><span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">tsuh) a, a zóuzaw pênpá khuh a túng lámah a dáwhtòu(kikhàwtòu) hi. Tuámi lu</span><span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span><span style="mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">tsuhna(tumsuhna) mùn khu <b>Subduction Zone</b> <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kichi ahi.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span>Léisièt phêng lûi pawlkhàtté khu anéia léisièt saté sánga gihzàw ahimanin, Subduction Zone a pàtin Mantle sungah tumsuh let úh hi. Tám bang khu Slab Pull ‘Phêng Kài’ kichi ahi.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(i) </span><b>Túikângpí</b> leh <b>Túikângpí</b>(oceanic-oceanic convergence) kisuhtuòna mùn ah léisi<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">èt phêng gihzàw pên khu Athenosphere túinêm(semi-solid) sungah tumsuh a, a sungah túihuòl sa màmà suoh in, khuchiin á’ng </span>kini<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>lni<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l tuo ze<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>l chiéngun a túng lámah muolpawh dungsa<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>u niéngkáwi bangin<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a kiguichièn hi. Tuá zièhin <b>Ring of Fire</b> ‘Méikuongpí kuòl’ a kichi hi. <b>Pac</b><b>ific Ring of Fire</b> kichi pên Pacific túikângpí kuòl a, Antartica pat a, péisuoh in, Chile, Argentina, Andes, Rockies, California Faultlines, Alaska, Aleutian túikuòlgamté, Kamchatka leh Sakhalin túikuòlgamté, Kurile túikuòlgam patsa’n Japan túikuòlgam tàwnphei in, Phillipine túikuòlgamté, Indonesia túikuòlgamté, Papua New Guinea, Solomon, Vanuata, Fiji, Tonga, Somoa, Cook, <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Tahiti túikuòlgamté leh Hawaii túikuòlgamté leh túikuòlgam tampíté tuòn in a Pacific túikângpí khàiniéng bangìn a káwi kuòlkhúm hi.</p><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRf_KMO2qLfxtDHkpwQm0oLbjqtXhhzRJa29w1m5XAktiR8RrrNOWbWOJz8ns90iW-AB_umdeVUbFwNyQLF7JND3a3CxiqlXokn8Xg_SgOgYZog4YzEbXjFdzU1pkY9HaoFv597uaW_R-J/s200/ring+of+fire.jpg" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 148px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586781798071733698" /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> <b> </b></span><b>Ring of fire</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-tab-count:2"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Zàlah a, 90 zìnlíngté pên tám Pacific Ring of Fire mùn patsa híng pieng ngen ahi. Japan túikuòlgamté khu Eurosian plate nuóia lám peh a, Pacific plate pên a tumsuh zièhin ahíng piengkhiè hi. léisi<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal">èt phêng gihzàw pên thakhàt a á’ng tùmsuh chiéngin zìnlíng híng pieng hi. Túikângpí nuói sunga híng pieng ahileh, <b>Tsunami</b> ‘túihuòltâi’ híng pieng ahi. Zokam in, Tsunami pen Túipi </span>Zìnlíng chithei ahi.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Oceanic-oceanic</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJjkl6ZmaFtkkw-vQJCh99ZB2cKvA7M7vJ8OhJPGnaNEUBDnVhPzYSgdW7UfpkWbDXgvzrAjFEkavPLz02gEbd92G51ilQbnRfuwTSkMVwTu-PLjQHQr4xVIr84cn9OkV4_37lJyaFaLc5/s200/imagesCA2I6ECR.jpg" style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 115px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586780511264014594" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">(ii) <b>Túikângpí </b>leh <b>Gamkàiphêng</b>(oceanic-continent convergence) á’ng kisuhtuò a, á’ng kide<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ntuò chiéngun túikâng phêng(oceanic plate) gihzàw pên a tumsuh a, léisièt gamkài geiteng a suóngphêngté<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a kinì<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>lkáwitòu u’a, khuchí’n Andes leh Rockies tângsângté na piengdoh hi. Tám bang mùnté ah zòng muolpawh leh thûhtahtah a híng kipàn zìnlíngté á’ng piengkhiè hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><b> Oceanic-continent</b><span style="mso-tab-count:3"></span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"></span></p><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEk3fi8T_BbPOvEKhRmj1EgrZgUZJUj0jbiIBbN6MCBfT7F10mxFtA0Xf94Md9gMdL_yavbFUXZyYT33nXrn9jKnKM8KmZ7HniCNCJpIq61-lLFGHfYkYBW3ms-MTsbL_i7zI-6n9kLQ7h/s200/imagesCAQH97IA.jpg" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 119px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586785436957471650" /> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">(iii) <b>Gamkàiphêng </b>leh<b> Gamkàiphêng</b>(continent-continent convergence) a kita<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>tuò chiéngùn léisièt phêngté za<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>ng chipên a gihzàw sa<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>m óm khollòu ahi zièhin a tumsuhta sih a, tám mùn ah muolpawh chite a pieng khol sih hi. Gamkàiphêng leh Gamkàiphêng á’ng kisuhtuò chiéngùn Convergence Zone ‘kisuhtuòna mùn’ á’ng pieng hi. Tuáchi’n, Indian plate khu Eurasian plate néiah a tumsuh(lu<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>tsuh) a, tuá phêng(plate) nité á’ng kithuòp chiéngin Tibetan Plateau ‘Tibet gamsâng’ híng piengkhiè ahi. Tuá màbangin, <st1:place st="on">Himalaya</st1:place> tâng sângté na piengkhiè hi. Tám mùnté ah zìnlíng huoisié támpí a túng let hi. African plate leh Eurasian plate na kide<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ntuò zièhun Urop gam a Swiss Alps, Atlas tângté, Carparthian tângté, <st1:place st="on">Pyrenees</st1:place> chiteng na piengkhiè ahi. <st1:place st="on">Himalaya</st1:place> tângté pièndàn hichi ahi. Nidánglâiin, Angaraland phêng leh Gondwanaland phêng kikâl ah <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tethys</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Sea</st1:placetype></st1:place> ‘Tâithas Túipí’ kichi a na óm hi. Angaraland phêng leh Gondwanaland phêng a na kiníltuò u’a, na kidêngtuò úh hi. Tuáchì’n amàni na kisàikâh zièhin Tâithas Túipí néia kizam léisièt phêngpí á’ng dáwhtòu chiéngin muol leh tâng sângté na suoh úh hi. Lùipí lùitáté’n khumi muol leh tângté a na sumâm u’a, a na súisúi u’a, a na siemsiem u’a, kùmzalòm támpí zàw in túnia<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>muol leh tângté, zânggam, kuòmthûh, haw leh kèn suohthèi hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span> </span><span> </span>Himalayas</b></p><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px;"><br /></div><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU_O-qUomHo6dTgaJjmO6FNxGe-41HE2tkYd0QP9i2tbJMo9tr7k2-vVU0ldxIFMTaqj3ANR20DE0yTZWi4aPxnWGC8z1BjND-52GOiZQI2280s_G7SLQY378Az98Iik-SGNuW2K_ROFbe/s200/himalayas.jpg" style="text-align: justify;float: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5586779900841981378" /> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:2.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><b> </b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisièt phêngté</b> á’ng kihièttuò chiéngun khàtzàw sàngsàng a kesuh a, khàt pên a sângtòu hi. Tám banga a kihièt a kigàwttuò chiéngun <b>Fault </b>(Faultlin<b>e)</b> kichi a pieng let hi. North America tùmlám túikângpí geiah San Andreas Fault a óm hi. Kum 1906 in zìllíng huoise mama khàt na túng hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Zìllíng[Zìnlíng] bang è? <o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisièt phêngté</b>(tectonic plates) á’ng kisuhtuò chiéngun guómthûhpí(fault, faultline) a pieng a, tám guómthûhpí gamgí ahíng pièn na mùn kikâlah amàté á’ng kigawttuò u’a, á’ng kihièttuò, á’ng kitàttuò zél u’a, híng kisáwntuò zél úh hi. Thakhàt a phêngpí khàt a kiéhsuh amà, ahisihleh a kinàwttuò chiéngun focus pàtsà’n thá/thahàtna(energy) á’ng pusuohdoh a, á’ng kithèzâh zél hi. Khúm hún chiéngin zìllíng hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisièt phêngté</b> á’ng kisuhtuò a, á’ng kidèntuò á’ng kitàtuò chiéngun a hátmàw zaw pá khu Subdcution Zone ‘Guómthúh kuò’ sungah a tumsuh a, a hátzawpá khu a túng lámah a kikhàwtòu hi. Tachì a, á’ng kitàtuò chiéngun thahàtna(energy) némpí a á’ng pusuoh(páwt) a, a kihlà a, a kithèzâh let hi. Tám bang dìnmùn<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a Léisièt phêngté á’ng op chiéngun léisièt phêngté á’ng kithìn valuòi a, á’ng kihàw chiéngun <b>Zìllíng</b> <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>chiin a kithèi hi. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisièt phêngté</b> á’ng kihièttuò chiéngun khàtzàw sàngsàng a kesuh a, khàt pên a sângtòu hi. Tám banga a kihièt a á’ng kigàwttuò chiéngun zìl a ling a, zìllíng chiin a kithèi hi. Léitàng guómkuohpí <b>Fault </b>(Faultline) kichi a pieng let hi. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Léisièt thûh sunga óm zìllíng híng kipàt na mùn khu Focus kichi ahi. Khúm Focus túng lien(chet) a óm mùn(point) khu <b>Epicenter</b> kichi ahi. Léisièt túngah nisimsiel in, zìllíng néunéu támpí a pieng let hi, hina’nleh, a kithìn a kihàw lám a kithèipha sih hi. Focus mùn pàtsà’n thahàtna khu mùn tuomtuom lámah a kithèzâh let hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Zìllíng héi sungsungah a pieng let è?<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Léisièt phêngté<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kisuhtuò kinàwttuò na mùn leh Léisièt phêngté gamgí zûl lahah zìllíng a pieng let hi.<b> </b>Tám gamgí zûlté mùn ah Léitàng guómkuohpí ‘<b>Faults</b>’ kichité a tám hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Khúm gamgí zûlté khu<b> Kikhènna gamgí</b>(Diverging boundary)<b> </b>leh <b>Kigàwmtuòna gamgí</b>(Converging boundary) ahihi. Tám gamgí zûlté mùn ah Léitàng guómkuoh ‘<b>Faults</b>’ kichité a tám hi. Léisièt phêngté kikâl leh a lâi lah vél ah zòng léitàng guómkuoh a óm a, khúm mùnté ah zòng zìllíng a pieng let hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Mississipi lùipí dunga zìllíng(1911-12 A.D) na túng khuh North America Plate lâikimtaha Léitàng guómkuoh(fault) liènpí khàt New Madrid Fault kichi khu a na kipià leh na kigàwttuò zièh ahi, chiin na kithèi hi. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Léitàng á’ng kihàw a, á’ng kithìn chiéngin Seismic waves kichi hùté pên mùn chinah a kithèzâh hi. Túilipí túnga suóngpém khàt a kisèlút chiénga túihuòl a kuòlkuòl(bémbém) a, a tâi bangin khúm zìl kilíng hùté(seismic waves) a tâizâh úh hi. Léitúng zìllíng a kithèi khu tám Seismic wavete ahi. Seismic wavete chini a óm hi; P-wave leh S-wave ahi. P-wave zìnlíng hù pên tangtah a tâi ahimanin, huoise se<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>ng lòu ahia, S-wave zìnlíng hù pên kisuhthìn-kitòuthìn leh kilúmlèt ahizièhin a huoise màmà hi. Zìl kilìn chiéngin P-wave amuònmuòn á’ng tâi masa a, tuàzóuin S-wave huoisetahin á’ng kithing hi. <span style="font-family:Mangal;mso-ascii-font-family: Mangal"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Zìllíng in lámpíté, lèité, ínnté a suse thèi hi. Mínchìmté(landslide), muoltáwn(hillslide) leh buonluong(mudslide) a túngsahthèi hi.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Túikângpí nuóia zìllíng a op leh, <b>Tsunami </b>‘túihuòltâi’ a kichi hi.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal"> Zokam in, Tsunami khu <b>Túipi </b></span><b>Zìnlíng</b> chithèi ahi. Túkùm 2011, March hla ni 11 nia Japan túikuòlgam suòlám gam a zìllíng khu Túikângpí nuóia pàtsa híng kipàn leh híng pièng ahi. Japan túikuòlgam pên Ring of Fire gamgí zûl a óm ahimanin léisièt phêngté; Pacific Plate leh Eurasian Plate ahíng kidèntuò, ahíng kitàtuò zièh u’a khúm bang Tsunami huoisetah híng pieng ahi. Richter scale kichi pên zìllíng huoisiét leh huoisiét màwdàn kitèna scale ahi. Ahuoise màw pên nambat 1(khàt) ahia, a huoise màmà pên ahileh nambat 10(sàwm) ahi. 2011, March hla<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>a na túng zìllíng khu Richter Scale a kitè chiéngin nambat 9(kuo) tàn hi chiin a kikhúmlút hi</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Major earthquakes of the world</b></p> <p><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:2.0in;text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Léisiet túnga Zìnlíng huoiseté<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:2.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:2.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:2.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent: .5in"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Léisiet túnga Zìnlíng leh Tsunami na piengteng<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Túni tàn a, léisièt túnga zìnlíng(zillíng) leh zìnlíng toh kisai/kizúi Tsunami ‘Túihuòltâi’ piengteng zièha mihing 10,000(tu<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">%</span>lsàwm) sa<span style="font-family:"SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>nga támzàw mihing si a kùm leh nité, a hàtdàn(Richter Scale) tám anéi bàng ahi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 5.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; "> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Ani(Date)<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Amùn(Location)<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Mihing sizà<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Richter Scale<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b>Thusimté<o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01138-10-11</span><st1:date month="10" day="11" year="1138" st="on">Oct 11, 1138</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria">Syria</a></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">230,000</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Unknown</p> </td> <td width="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Kumzalom 15 laia, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a> in a na giel hi.</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">00525-05-21</span> <st1:date month="5" day="21" year="1525" st="on">May 21, 1525</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch">Antioch</a>, <st1:country-region st="on">Turkey</st1:country-region> </p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">250,000 </p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">8.0 (est.)</p> </td> <td width="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Ephesus">John of Ephesus</a> in a na giel</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01556-01-23</span><st1:date month="1" day="23" year="1556" st="on">Jan,23, 1556</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">820,000(est)</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">8.0 (est.)</p> </td> <td width="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Oct11, 1737</p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Calcutta</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">3, 00,000</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01920-12-16</span><st1:date month="12" day="16" year="1920" st="on">Dec 16, 1920</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningxia">Ningxia</a>–<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gansu">Gansu</a>, <st1:country-region st="on">China</st1:country-region></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">235,502</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">7.8</p> </td> <td width="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Mínchìm, Gam kesuh</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01923-09-01</span>Sept1, 1923</p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region">Kantō region</a>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">142,000</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">7.9</p> </td> <td width="228" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="11" day="1" year="1755" st="on">Nov 1, 1755</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Lisbon</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Portugal</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">80, 000</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">8.7-9.0</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:8"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="8" day="27" year="1883" st="on">Aug 27, 1883</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Krakatau</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">36, 000</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:9"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="9" day="30" year="1498" st="on">Sept 30, 1498</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Enshunada Sea</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">31,000</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:10"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="12" day="31" year="1703" st="on">Dec, 31, 1703</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Edo</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">108,800+</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:11"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="10" day="28" year="1707" st="on">Oct 28, 1707</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Nankaidso</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">30,000</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:12"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01908-12-28</span><st1:date month="12" day="28" year="1908" st="on">Dec 28, 1908</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messina">Messina</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy">Italy</a></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">123,000</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">7.1</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:13"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">01948-10-06</span><st1:date month="10" day="6" year="1948" st="on">Oct 6, 1948</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">110,000</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">7.3</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:14"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:date month="12" day="26" year="2004" st="on">Dec 26, 2004</st1:date></p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Sumatra</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">300,000+</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">9.3</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Tsunami túihuòlpí zièhin <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> gam Tamilnadu, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Andamans</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Sri Lanka</st1:place></st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Thailand</st1:place></st1:country-region> túipipang ah mi támpí na si hi. </p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:15"> <td width="116" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="display:none; mso-hide:all">02010-01-12</span>Jan12, 2010</p> </td> <td width="163" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti">Haiti</a></p> </td> <td width="117" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">222.570</p> </td> <td width="84" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">7.0</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:16;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="116" valign="top" style="width:86.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">March11, 2011</p> </td> <td width="163" valign="top" style="width:122.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Sendai</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region></st1:place></p> </td> <td width="117" valign="top" style="width:87.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">2,00,000 vâl ínn leh lóu nèilòu a, tavài a óm</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Túni tan a sizà 10,000+</p> </td> <td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">8.9-9.0</p> </td> <td width="228" valign="top" style="width:171.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">*Garité túikângpí túngah saban bawm bangin a lâm hi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Te<span style="font-family: "SILDoulos IPA93"">!</span>mbáw mihing zakhàt toh túikângpí in tàwmáng.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Méilêng khàt mi támpí toh mâng</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Phone line teng sesieng</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Méilêngté khawl sieng</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Tokyo Nuclear Reactor kikhá, mihingté kitáwl máng</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">* Fuku.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-61690213490529963702011-03-19T22:41:00.000-07:002011-03-19T22:46:46.489-07:00THUMAKÂI(PREFACE)<div align="justify">Ka nêulâi in,ka khuo u’ah Khodou pawi leh lungdam pawi a kibawl zel a,tua hun ciengin zu leh sa a kine a, lâm a kikâi a Zola nempi a kisa let a, nun in a nuom a,guolnop mangin taikhuo a kivâh zêl hi. Khum hun lâi a mite ki-îtdânte, kingainatnate tu-a ka ngaituo ciengin khatveivei leh ka hla a sie a, ka lung a lêng vavung mawh hi. Tu hun lâi in, pawi a kibawl zêl a, Khawmpi bang ka na mang zêl hi ,hinanleh ka nêulâi a guolnopdânte, mite kisahtheidân(kideisahdân) tualeh a na kingâinatdânte ka mit-hla in a mu na lâi a, tuhun cienga mite kingâidaudante ka ngaituo ciengin, hun muolliemsate gâlkhuo ka don zêl a, tua hun muolliemsate ngâi in ka lungzuong zêl hi! I pu I pate uh, Zola ngaite tem bang tawi in, gawlpal bang a na ki-îm khawm liliei zêl u’a, na ki-it tuo ciet in nunnuom lâmtâng a na kâi zêl uh hi. Hun muolliemsate lah solkha bang sênlekia thei lou a! lungzuonhuoi ciloungâl gêndân omlou e!.<br />1993 kum in Ka nu uh (Nuomzavung) toh ka kinung a, Vâiphei veng leh Zo veng ah kum 3 bang ka têng gêl hi. Ni khat Benhur Yisrael (Khamzalang@Langtom); in Zo puondum lim a kizêm nâmsâu pi khat, Zola keset(cassette) leh Zola Sânnêmla bu khat ka opna mun ah a’ng tawi a ka kungah ‘Tateng na kêm zing in, Mângkâng a’ng cita hi’ tuabepin kei lêng phei ing a, ‘Pa Langtom nangin bangzieha tahaw nei pieh e? tam bang van/(sil)te nana kephoidân leh nana zepsiemdânte ka mu ciengin na Zo ngainatdân ka theikhie hi, ahi’nlah bangzieha tahaw nei piehkhiet e?’ ci’n ama ka dong hi. Ama’n hici in ei dawng hi, ‘Mângkâng kei pên Yahweh(Sabbath) nungzui ka hitâh ziehin ka tapa’n tabangte kêm dîngin hung phalta sih hi’ a ci hi, tuaci’n ke’n tua bang ahileh ke’n kêm ta ve’ng ka na ci a, tunidonin tuateng ka kêm nalâi hi. Tami keset min pen ‘Lie leh Tâng Lentongte’ a kicia, 1984 kum a Yangoon Khopi(Myanmar)a kikhum ahi. Asunga Zola kikhumte ka ngâingâi zêl a, ka lungsim a khoi mama a,I pu I pate tawndân, ngaina leh khankhuote ka lungsim sungah ka gêlgêl a, ka lunglên kân in a sâng zêl hi. A lasah u’a, panin Zolate sunga thu leh la giltahte ka ngaituo ciengin ka veina mama a,ka sinlâi ah vâi bang a thâmden a, tualeh nupi papite lasah siemdân pen patâthuoi ka sa hi.<br />1996 kum in India Kumpi zum ah, Delhi Andaman & Nicobar Islands Civil Services(DANICS) ka nga a, tami sepna zop a, Delhi ka pei kuon in Zoveng Lamka ah, ka peima nitah in a’ng ît, a’ng ngâina nupi papite pawlkhat, kei ei vâihlâh dîngun ka opna mun ah, a’ng kholâilêng uhhi. Bangci tava ui, na ci uoi?, ci’n ka dongleh, nang vâihlâhna kawm a, na inn a, Zola sa dînga hing kikhawm hi ung, a ci uhhi. Tami pawl ahileh, Zogam Leidi Party(pawl) te a na hi kawi! tuami ni zân a, a lasahte uh ka khum sieng a, ka lunglên ciengin ka ngâi zêl hi. Zo la sah a siem mama uhhi.<br />1998 kum in ka nu muolliemna toh kisai Ama late leh amanu theizingna dîngin ‘Vangngai Tunnu’ keset khat ka suo hi. Tami keset pen Fr. Mark Thang Khan Ai studio ah ana kikhum hi. Tuahun in, Fr. Mark Ai leh Lawrence tegêl in ‘Zo Patong’ kici keset khat ei letsong uh hi. Tami keset sunga late ka ngâi ciengin i Zo late lutdân leh ngaidân ka sinlâi sungah tuni dongin a vâi bang thâmdenta hi. 2004 kum in ngainat unâupa Pastor Haozalien toh Delhi khopi ah tomkhat ka omkhawm kha u’a, hun ka mu cinteng un houlimna tângpi, nempi ka nei leng uh hi. Nikhat kam/hâm tungtâng thu vângtâng ka kikupkup ciengun, Zo lahâmtengte, kigêntênate, kitêkâhna thutengte kitûptah in(systematically) kiguol henlen lâibu nêu khat kibawl leh, ci bang ka lungsim sungah a’ng piengdoh a, tuaci’n tuni’n tami lâibu i khut tung u’ah tawithei in a’ng omta hi. Abân, i sim masangun i pienna leh i puodohna uh tângthu tomnou khat simsuh tadi va ui.<br /><strong>ZO MITE ANG PIENKHIETNA</strong><br />[.....Zo min i puohna Ei 'Zo mite' pen i 'Pu Zo' suon-leh-hlâhte i hizieh u’a Zo minam i hihi. Zogam a i tên zieh u’a Zo te ei kichi hilou a, heisung heisung ah omta nanleizong i Pu Zo sisan zâl in 'Zo te' i hihi. Zo minam kipatna I Pu Zo pen bang hun lai a na pieng cithu kantelna dîng ha simsim dîng hi. BC hunlai peh in tulaitaha Sên(China) gam lâizâng munteng ah 'Xo' kici minam lien khat kumpi gam kip khat dingzo hi. Tuapen ei 'Zote' tangthu masa pên ahi. Thamlou in Sênte tângthu sung ma ah 'Jo dynasty-Jo kumpi khang' ci zong na om ngai a, Thailand gam dong in thu a nanei ngai uhhi. Tuapen i tângthu nina ahi, aci zong ki-om hi. Mihingte pienkhietna toh kisai akancien(anthropologist) mipilte gênna ah ei 'Zo' mite pen Khamtung gam minam tuomtuomte leh Kachin minamte toh kibangin ,'Tet' minam sungpan a piengte ei kici hi. 'Tet' minamte toh kisai in tângthu lam mipilte in AD 760-850 hun in Tibeto-Burman kici minam khenpi khat in,Tibet gampan a’ng tuolsuh uhhi. Tua sungpan pawlkhatte(Et;Kachin) Kawlgam sahlam gamteng ah phuol ana sât uhhi,kici hi. Tua pan adangte a’ng nawtsuoh suh in AD 900 kîm a,Tagaung khosatte sungah i pu-pate zong na kihal hituoh hi. Kumza thum kîm hun sungin Tibeto-Burman minamte sungpan (1) Pyu minam-Kawlte kipatna (2) Kanyan minam-Arakanese te kipatna leh (3) Tet minam-Zo mite kipatna khenthum a’ng phatou hi. Kumzalom 10-13 AD hun ciengin Tet minam pan Zote leh anâihuoiteng(ethnic groups) in Tagaung pan Ayeyarwardy(Irrawady) gundungteng leh Chindwin gundung kîllahteng ah a’ng kithethâng uhhi,cithu zânggam a têng AshoChinte,Yaw minamte, Khamtung gam sahlam a om minam tuomtuomte Khamtung gam hlanglam(hanglam) a om Cho-Chin, Khami-Chinte i tângthu sungah kiciemte ciet hi. Zote leh Khamtung gam minam dangte in kumzalom 14-15 AD kikâl sungin Khamtung gam a’ng zuontou uhhi. Mizo(Lusei) kamhâm bawngteng 'Sepui' ah , Falam-Haka kamhâm bawngteng 'Sunthla 'ah, Zo kamhâm bawngteng 'Cîmnuoi' ah phuol a’ng sâtkia uh hi. 'Cîmnuoi' i ci pen tulaitahin 'Sâizâng' leh Phâileng khuo kikâl teng ahi. Cîmnuoi ah khangli bang a kitênzaw ciengin Zote Vânglâi(Tehlui khonei) ana sât u'a, tua panin Hâidawi(Bumzâng khotaw) ah ana têng uhhi. Tua panin sahlam a’ng kikhang toutou a, pawlkhat pen India gam Manipur State dong na tungtou uhhi.<br /><strong>TÂNGLÂI ZO MITE DINMUN</strong>: Zo mite a’ng pienkhietna toh kisai i gênsa bangin Topa Jesu suoma hunlai Sênte ii 'Xo' dynasty ahia, 'Jo' dynasty ahizongin tulaitaha ei 'Zo’te toh kisaina om,omlo ci pen gênhâ, kanhâ simsim dîng hi. Ahivangin,tânglâi i pu-pa 'Zo’te pen tulâi ei 'Zo' te bang na hilou in minam thahât,ngaina leh tângthu akip ana nei minam gol mama khat na hi ngai hi, ci thu tawm i kikum dîng uhhi.<br />Tambang i gênna ah "No evidence,no history" a kici mabangin .... omloupite gênlou in "evidence'(têci) akip lien teng sungpan i thei bân ciengtan atomnou in i gên dîng hi." Zohâm pên hâm-le-pâu tampite lah-a kunglui pên vawt khat ahi chi guollui upate’n ana gên zêl uhhi. Guolluite a’ng hildân ahileh Zohâm/Zokam A.D.850 tuom in apieng jouta hi, aci uh hi. Simsuh kia in:- "AD 850 kîm in 'ZOHÂM' kizang zou hi. Kawlgam sunga minamte toh kisai akantel ahi, Professor G.H. Luce in, 'Tibeto-Burman i ci vângin atâng zah uh kamhâm(common language) pen Chin, Kachin khatzawh sâng ahisihleh tuagel kigawm hithei dîng hi." ci'n ana gên ngai hi. Atheihuoi thu panin Chin akicite sungah Kachinte toh kamhâm akitamsut(akibangtam) pênpên 'Zo' te i hihi.<br /><strong>ZOTE PEN MINAM BUL MAMA KHAT AHIHI.<br /></strong>Capt. Khup Za Thang in 'Zo’ mite khanggui aguolna ah i Pu 'Zo' panin khang ngâna ah Pu Songthu ana om a,Falam minam pawlkhat in akhanggui uh 'Songthu' toh ana pan uhhi. Tuabanah 'Zo’ mi te pienna thu akante in 'Pu Songthu in Cîmnuoi khuo sât in hâusa sêm hi, aci uhhi. Ahivangin, Mizote khangsimna sunga 'Chawngthu' ci min khat simlou adang Tedim kamhâm a kipan minam tuomtuomte khanggui sungah 'Songthu' ci min khollou kha dîng hi. ‘Zo’te khanggui simna sungah Capt.Khup Za Thang in a’ng guol bangma in Pu. 'Songthu' kimuthei hi. Tua banah, gêntêna in sanggam Siihzangte pienna 'Suontah, Ngengu' cite pên ei ‘Zo’te khangsimna ah : 'Zo' pan 'Songthu' khang nga, Songthu pan Zahong, Suontah(Dopmul) Mulpi, Ngengu ci bang in na kiguol suhpan hi. ‘Zo’te sungah be-le-phung zakhat(100) kîm(vel) om hi. Tuate sungah Zote be hinapi Zokam azang nawnlou zong tampi a om hi. Tedim kamhâmte sung, Sizang, Vaiphei thamlou Falam sung, India gam Meiteite sung nangawn ah ‘Zo’te ka hi aci toh, ‘Zo’te ahilam theilou a a phungmin beh atheilien toh a kithethâng Zote tampi a om hi. ‘Zo’te i pienna uh sawt mama ta ahiziehin tambanga kithethâng pen lamdang lou hi.<br />Kithethângna thute sungah gâlmat pawl zong a om u'a, pawlkhat pên agamlawt ngiet zong om hi. Tuni ciengdongin Zote sisan pên gamlawtna lungsim leh gamman bai phâhdiehna khat kinei hi. Tuhun main zong Zote pen midangte kam kisiembai phadieh a,tua in midangte vuacipna(acculturation/influence) sunga i manthâi(manthâp) bai nadîng zie ei lah hi.<br /><strong>ZOTE PEN NGAINA KIP ANEI MINAM I HIHI.</strong><br />H/A Pu. J.Gin Za Tuong in " Zote pau, Zote ngeina, Zote tangthu limphatahin kan leng Zo mite i mênkhietna mubai pen ni" ci ngai hi. Ngaina(culture) toh kisai in, Zote'n shila, hinla a kipan moulahzie, dawithoizie dong aneng atawng abucing in akip a i neisa, I Pu Zo a kipan tunidong khanggui simna i neisa ciet ahihi. Pu Ngul Lang in, " Zopuan cihpen Zote aa bek hikei, eitek aa hi cia,asilh masa pen Tedim kampau sungpan keimah hi-ing" ci-in agên ngai hi. Sângmang J.H.Cope in Tedim Chin Reader laisimbu bawl asawm ciengin ngaina tangmî(folktales) zah a na sawm hi. Ahivangin, alungkim banga gêntheina mulou hi. Tua ciengin Tedim papi pawlkhatin, "Ngeina tângthu anei Zote ahi uh. Zote dongin" na ci uhhi. J.H.Cope in zong Tonzang Myuone Lomzâng khuo pan, Pu. Tuong Za Go(M.P. Mang Cin Khuppa) ana dong pai a, Zolâi simbu sungah Zo tangmî pawlkhat na hal hi, ci-in Rev. Thang Kho Cin(Phâitu) in a na gên hi.Tuaziehin a masalam a, kibawl Zo Lâisimbu(Tedim Chin Reader) sungah Zokam tampi kihal lâi hi. Hinanleh, tulam cienga kibawl laibute ah Zokam mun ah Tedim kam toh kilâita(kisunta) hi.<br /><strong>THUKHÛPNA</strong>: Zo mite pen hun khat lâi in mi thupi kihia,tuciengin i hi ci ngiem, i hici kithethâng pen Pasien deilou,Pasien zie toh kituohlou i kalsuon khielna khat uh om hi dîng hi. Tuami i mu nadîng un sui in kipuophatna dîng lampi lathei lei piengsawn momsawnte adîngin gougil pen hiding hi." ]1<br />Kum 862 A. D hunlâi in, Sente patong Fan-Cho kici pa khat in Chindwin gûnkhawm zâng ah hâusa leh lêngza nei minam Zo or Shou or Zhou kicite na om hi cithu a na giel hi. 1783 A.D kum in, Rev. Fr. Vincentious Sangermano; Roman Catholic Missionary Burma gam sungah Pasien thu gên dîngin a’ng kisawl hi. Ama’n "A Description of the Burmese Empire" laibu 1835 A.D kum a kisun sungah Zo thu hici in a na giel hi. "20°30" leh 21°30"N kikâl ah Chein tângte suolam ah, ‘JOU’ kici minam nêu khat a om hi" a ci hi. </div><div align="justify">Betram S.Carey CIE, Assistant Commissioner, Burma, and Political Officer, Chin Hills leh H.N.Tuck, Extra Assitant Commissioner, Burma and Assistant Political Officer, Chin Hills tegêl in ‘THE CHIN HILLS’ lâibu Volume I lâimâi 140 na ah, Zo tungtâng thu hici in a na sun uhhi:- "Tu-a Sukte mite; Kamhau be leh phungte, gam uhna khuo zousie ahileh khang thum masang lâi in, Zote’n a na luo u’a, a na uh zou uh hi. Kamhau; innpipa khuote ah, tuin zong Zote a têng nalâi uh hi. Tedim khuo a sât a, a uh hi. Kamhau; Innpipa’n a nuoinetsa Zo tengteng pen Kamhaumi a suoh siengta uh hi. Kinung leh kitêngthei in a têngkhawmta uh hi. Manipur gamgi zûl tan, gâl a zou a, Kamhaumite leh Zote a têngkhawm u’a, amaute pen cikhat sakhat bang in, uhpite leh ki-uhte a kikhietna tahtah uh a om sih hi."a ci hi.<br />Mikâng F.K.Lehman in Illinois Studies in Anthropology No.3(1963, Page 179)sungah hiciin a na giel hi, "Kawlgam leh India gamgi teng ah, amahaw tawndân leh ngaina toh kiptah a, a têng minam khat a om hi. Amahaw pen a UH hâsa mama uh hi. SHA a bie u’a, JIN min in a kou uh hi. A puona min uh, JOU ahi",aci hi. Myanmar Chronicle Volume-5, Page 225, "Zo’te pen, a puno uh Kachin hi a, a tazaw ahi. Zo(Pu Zo) suon leh hlakte sungah, ataa pen(uzaw) gu’ite ahi uhi." Mikângte’n ‘Yo’ or ‘Yaw’ pou ei na ci uh hi. 1954 lâi in, Lamka a om eimite ‘JOU’ a na kici uh hi. 1956 kum in ‘Zou’ ciin India kumpi’n theipina a’ng pie hi. Pu. T.Gougin in ‘A Brief History of Zou’ (1961 A.D.) lâibu sungah Zo leh Zomi a na zangton hi. Pu. Thangkhanlal in; Zolâi Simpatbu (Zo Primer;1973) sungah ‘Zo’ ma a na zang vilvel hi. Pu Goupau in ‘ Zo Sannemla’ lâibu sungah ‘Zo’ spelling ma a na zang hi. Zo Baptist Association, Myanmar(Burma) leh Zo Presbyterian Synod Church (Myanmar) te’n ‘Zo’ spelling ma a zang vilvel nalâi uh hi.<br /><strong>UNÂU LUSHEI(Mizo)</strong> pasal ni in, ‘ZO’ TUNGTANG THU A NA GIELTE SIMSUH KIA VÂI:- 1926 kum lâi a Unau Mizo missionaryte’n Lushei ham a, a giel uh KHRISTIAN kici laibu sungpan in ‘Zo’ tungtang thu hici in a na kigiel hi:- ["A hma sha ber in ram chanchin hi tlem te in ka han shawi ve deuh rih anga, he tiangin ani:- Phaipui bial Vuite ram chhak lam Meitei leh Sukte ram in ri na Run-dungvel hi ani deuh bera Lushei ram a ang deuh va khaw hrang tlem te te a, lal nei theiva awm an ni a, an ram pawh a zau lo hle mai. An hnam: a pumpui in '<strong>Zo</strong>' an ti deuh bera an zinga...an mawl em em mai, lekha thiam an awm lo; chuvangin tunlawka pawh sawrkar an do kha in hria in kan ring a cheu. <strong>Biakdan</strong>: an vai in ram huai bia an ni vek; an in thawi na atam ngawt mai. Pawla zin lai a, Atheni khua kha ani ngawt mai ani. Akip a kawi in sawi sen pawh ani lo zawk ani, pakhat chi an in dawi ania,hei hi an in thawi na lian ber leh hlau awm ber a an nei chu ania, a ran a tan chuan vawk pakhat a ni ang, tin; sial hi in thawai na na ran a michhia leh mi tha in an hmang bawk.......Tin, Pathian thu ka sawi a lekha bu chhiar te hlan kan ai in an bih hnai zawk mah mah a banvai na awm lo khawp in,khawi ngei in ei zo vek teh ang ti awm takin ann lo kal khawm thin ani, tin, mi thenkhat chuan "Kei hi fa nei thei lo ka ni. Pathian thu awi ila fa kan nei thei ang em?" ti te an awm nual hlawma, he tian in Zo ram chu ala thim a Pathianin an sual tlan nana a fapa mal neih chhun a pek thu te hi an la hre lo em em mai; chuvangin nang chhiar tu he Zo ho ta hian i tawngtai pui kan ngen a che. "In unau -Hrangsuaka leh Dawnthawma.]2<br />Tam bang ahi, atomkim in, tâng a tuon a, i khangthu uh, tuazieha tulâi khangnoute’n i pupate uh luhindânte, khosahdânte, tawndânte tualeh ngainate, a lungsimte uh,i mangngillou na’ng u’a tami lâibu ka’ng bawl ahia, a min:- ‘Zo Lahâmtengte, Kigêntênate leh Kitêkâhnate Hâmbu khatna (Dictionary of Zo Poetic Words,Metaphors and Similes Vol.I)’ ci’n ka phuo hi. Zo lakamtengte zong cithei veve ahi. ‘Zo’ spelling Lâi Siengthou tegêl sungpan a, toh kibanglien a, lâh leh zah ahi. C, Z leh innku(^) te cilou laigiel dân(spelling zahdân) pen ‘Pasian Lai Siengthou(Holy Bible in Zo) 1983 leh ‘Holy Bible in Zomi 1995’ tegêl sungpan a, Spelling kizahdân ka zui ahi. Zokam apatin Mângkam a thuteng ka le ciengin a kibang cîtciet lou nempi ka tuoh hi. Tabangte pen a kinâi thei pen in ka letdoh hi. Tami lâibu in; i tawndânte, i ngainate,i kam/hâm gilzie, i hâm hausatdân, i hâm ngaidan, i kam/hâm kungluidân hing theisahta uh hên<br />Suo masapên(First Edition) ahimanin tuotkhiel, gielkhiel leh lêkhiel nempi om khamai thei ahimanin a, citlana a, a opkhâh tâhleh simtute’n ei na ngâisiem ciet un ci’n ka’ng ngên masa hi. Tualeh, a dihzaw(mânzaw) deu na thei leh, tachi leh, kilawmzaw deu, hici leh, kilawmla deu ci ngâidân nei a opleh, ka na sâng gige dîng hi. Pasien in I gam hing guolzawl tahên, Amen.<br />Dated/New Delhi 10th, April, 2006 </div><div align="right">Philip Thanglienmâng, DANICS<br /><strong>Sources:</strong> 1. A.D. 2000 ZO MAGAZINE Published by Zo Baptist Association Hqtrs, Kalaymyo, Myanmar(Burma) Dated March 2001.<br />2. Tapidaw Golden Jubilee 2004 and JCA Golden Jubilee Souvenir 2003 A.D. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-83805334647079570192011-03-16T13:41:00.001-07:002011-03-16T13:43:49.462-07:00Khupcing and NgambawmOnce there were two women who were great friends and they loved each other very much. One day they made an agreement that if one gives birth to a male baby and other give birth to a female baby they would marry them to each other .Later in the use two pregnant women gave birth to a female and the other woman gave birth to a male baby.The male baby was named Ngambawm and the female baby was named Khupching. Khupching belongs to a royal family whereas Ngambawm belong to a poor family. So their social disparities created a social barrier. Khupching’s parents retracted from their agreement to marry these two people.So they tried to seeparate them rightr from their babyhood. They used different cradles,but it was so amazing that the two babies join themselves in one cradle. Even in the field they thought that they had separated while ploughing the field they found the two babies join together in the evening in one cradle.As they grew up Khupching and Ngambawm loved each other very much. One day Ngambawm asked Khupching to marry him. But Khupching replied in songs:<br />(a) Ka tun va dongin,ka zuo va dong in khuokhâl tui bang hing la ve aw.[ask my mother ask my father fetch me like the dry season(autumn) waters.]<br />Ngambawm asked her parents.They refused/rejected him flatly.<br />Ngambawm sang this song:<br />(a) Na tun lah dong ing na zuo lah dong ing khuokhâl tui bang lâh nâilou e.<br />I had asked your mother and father, they flatly refused to marry you to me, but I can not fetch you like dry season(autumn) waters. On hearing her parents refused him,her love for Ngambawm increased day by day. One day Ngambawm plucked a single hair of Khupching and he placed it under a stone which was near a waterfall of a stream.Khupching fell ill since then.Her mother decalred that if someone could cure her he will be her husand. When he heard this news ngambawm took back the hair from under the stone and put it back into Khupching’s head. Ngambawm cured her but her parents still refused him marriage to her. Ngambawm again took back and he put it under the stone nearby stream once again. She became ill bagain. Her parents again promised the same as before to one who could cure her. He took the hair and put it back into her head and she was cured. In this way he cured her many times.But her parents were adamanat not to mary her off to him. Ngambawm again hid her hair under a stone unfortunately this time her hair was lost in the running stream. So Khupching fell ill and died. When the body was about to be buried her body swelled like a big balloon and the people could not extricate out of the house. The people were flabber-gasted and amazed about this phenomenon. No one could solve the problem. So they requested Ngambawm to come and help them out. Ngambawm spoke to the corpse saying “Darling we are separated but this is the will of God, make your self small again and get out of the the door”. After that the corpse became small and was able to get out the door easily. Once again the corpse refused to get out of the entrance of the gate of the house by swelling big. again. Ngambawm said “Darling, make yourself small again one more and get out of the entrance gate of the house.” After that the corpse was easily taken out of the entrance gate.After Khupching was buried Ngambawm returned to his house filled with tears.<br />(a) Atui in hal e, têu a tui in hal ,hal jou nailou zawlching ngâi ing e.<br />(b) Atui suh inlu ong damdiel in luong e, Ching aw vâi bang na thâm na hie? [The waterfall was between us but it could not separate us I love Chingkhup more and more. The water flows gently but you died in this flowing water.]<br />One day Ngambawm planted a cockscomb flower on the tomb of Khupching. He saw a wild cat coming to pluck the flowers and he caught it by chance.When he asked the wild cat as to why it plucked the flowers every night it told him that it was sent by Khupching. He told the wild cat to pluck out the chicken’s feathers on its way to the Khupching’s village till he arrives there. Following the trail of plumes he finally arrived at the village where Khupching lives. On seeing her his joy knew no bounds. He and Khupching lived together in the house. One day the villagers went for fishing expedition She sent him also to join the villagers and she gave him the bamboo basket for collecting fishes.<br />One day Khupching said to Ngambawm, “ Please go back to your village,as soon as you reach your home kill one pig and eat its meat. After that hang a spear above your bed, and let free all the chicken from their roosts. Then, lie down on your bed facing the roof of your house whre you hanged the spear”. As advised by her he returned to his village soon and he did whatever things to be done as told by Khupching.As he lay on his bed the spear accidentally fell on his chest and he was killed instantly. After his death his spirit went the village of Khupching. He reached her house and they both met each other happily ever after.....<br />Source:Upto date History of Zo tribes by Rev. P.Khamdonang M.AUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-79963683119677589412011-02-23T22:37:00.000-08:002011-02-23T22:55:17.736-08:00Sponsor a child today, make a man tomorrowThere are many fatherless, poor children who are brilliant and ambitious but could not afford the luxury of going to a School. Please donate generously in the service of poor and orphan students and get tax benefit under Section <strong>80 G of IT Act, 1961. </strong>What you give today, will make a man or a woman tomorrow. Your donations will be fully tracked to your satisfaction. You will know the child, you can visit the child and talk to him/her.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-62720001735170133972011-02-11T00:23:00.000-08:002011-02-11T00:30:08.920-08:00Kom tribes on the path of Cultural revival<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDYCQ66SYd_Rfv8GKulsq-XlJBHqMNP79il3oTEXCLVQdxS33bvYeKk0LICXk1ga2KFFE5Knalc7DNQaum2DQgKSDALvkx0_Mk_K32Bai4GXNyXscKTvbDgI3jGLy_4Duyf-z7UwekWIxq/s1600/Komrem-tribes-of-manipur.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 164px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5572346393532913314" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDYCQ66SYd_Rfv8GKulsq-XlJBHqMNP79il3oTEXCLVQdxS33bvYeKk0LICXk1ga2KFFE5Knalc7DNQaum2DQgKSDALvkx0_Mk_K32Bai4GXNyXscKTvbDgI3jGLy_4Duyf-z7UwekWIxq/s200/Komrem-tribes-of-manipur.jpg" /></a><br /><div align="justify"><strong>Imphal, Feb 2</strong> : Although almost all Kom tribes are Christians, a handful of this tribesmen living in Khoiren-tak village in Churachand- pur district have resolved to revive their indigenous cul-ture and tradition which they forsook when they adopted Christianity about a century back.<br /><br />Located about 43 Kms from Imphal, Khoirentak Khuman village has a population of around 500 Kom tribesmen.<br /><br />With a population of around 20,000, the Koms are leading the Komrem people, a conglomerate of six small sub–tribes whose total po-pulation is around 34,000.<br /><br />Besides Kom, the other Komrem tribes include Kha-ram, Chiru, Aimol, Koiren and Purum.<br /><br />S Achon Kom, secretary of Kom Cultural Dance and Research Institute (KCDRI), is the driving force behind the movement at reviving and promoting Kom culture and tradition.<br /><br />“Whereas people across the world have been preserving and promoting their respective indigenous culture and identities, the Kom tribes only saw a decli-ning trend. This disturbed very much and I decided to do all I can to revive our culture. For the last 15 years, I have been striving to revive Kom culture and tradition,” Achon (47) said.<br /><br />“Initially I moved around all Kom villages scattered around the foothills in the valley districts, collected ancient artifacts including basketry, clothes, ornaments and weaponries and set up a small museum at my village,” Achon said.<br /><br />He also succeeded in convincing Kom elders to teach the community’s traditional dance, songs and the dying art forms to the youths.<br /><br />“After years of struggle, we have now around 50 Kom cultural troupes. We are also proud to have over 200 artifacts including ancient Kom clothes, wea- ponries, musical instruments, utensils, ornaments and basketry in our museum,” Achon added.<br /><br />For his sustained efforts to revive and promote the dying Kom culture and tradition, the North East Zone Cultural Centre (NEZCC) honoured him with the title ‘Guru’ in 2005.<br />Acknowledging his efforts to revive indigenous culture, a ten-day workshop and documentation and cultural programme christened ‘Akathlengsa Mandonsotna’ (Remembering the past) was organised at his village under the joint aegis of the Indira Gandhi Rastriya Manav Sangra-halaya (IGRMS) Bhopal and KCDRI.<br /><br />The event features workshop on documentation of folk narratives and cultural heritage of Kom tribe, display of the tribe’s artifacts at the village museum, photo exhibition and exhibition of various Kom dance and song.<br /><br />“With my strong insistence, a traditional Kom house has also been built at the IGRMS complex at Bho-pal. Though we are Chris- tians, we’ll continue to work to promote our dying culture and tradition and iden- tity,” Achom added.<br /><br />N Shakmacha Singh, Museum Association of IGRMS, who takes part in Khoirentak programme, said the main idea of it is to promote and revive Kom culture and make it as a tool of social integration. Shakmacha lauded Achon Kom for his relentless efforts to promote Kom culture and identity. About KCDRC, Achon said it was established in 1996 with the primary objective to preserve and maintain ancient traditions of the Kom tribe with research on their costumes and culture.<br /><br />The institution has been extending its activities with ceaseless endeavour to show the identity of the community in district, state and national level functions, he said adding that hordes of awards have been given to it Among others , the centre bagged first prize in folk dance competition organized by Manipur art and culture department in 2008, second prize in the 15th all India multilingual drama competition in 2007, second prize in all Manipur folk dance competition in 2006 and cultural excellency award in national context .<br /><br /><strong>Source</strong>: http://<a href="http://www.bombielmedia.com/">http://www.bombielmedia.com/</a> / </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-83102428132289013882011-01-25T23:01:00.000-08:002011-02-08T00:36:40.277-08:00Internet-Khovél a Mipíthunèina<div align="justify"></div><p align="justify">Mihingté khanlètna lámzàwtna kùmzalom 12,000 tuóm in, léitúng mùn tuomtuom ah a na kipàndoh hi. Kùmzalom némpí péiin, gam leh léi, muol leh tângté’n hàl in, kidàitha in, gamlapípí mùn ah mihing pawl tuomtuom in a na khosà ú’a, tuázièhin hàm tuom, tàwndàn tuom leh chìndàn dáng chiét na piengkhiè in, a na kinèi chièt úh hi. Tuáchi’n tám mihing pawlte á’ng kisuhtuó chiéngun gâl leh sá in a na kiman let u’a, kidòu chitahin, a na kidou let u’a, ahilòuleh summêtbàwlna lámah a na kivéituò u’a ahisihleh a na kidou zél ú’a, a na kipawl zél un na khosà let úh hi. Tuázièhin, mihingté hàmdàn, tàwndàn leh chìndàn mihing pawl dángdángah na kihál káwikáwi in, hàmdàn, tàwndàn leh chìndàn dáng na piengkhiè in, na khangtòutòu ze!l hi. Teknolozi khànletna toh kizúiin kikàwmtuòna(transport) leh kihòumàtnaté (communications) á’ng khanglièn a, khuchi’n kùmzalom támpí pèi nuá in, mihing pawlté khuh phung leh tângté kiváihàwmna apàtin námpí kiváihàwmna píching gam(state) hìng nèithèi un, a táwpna ah, 1945 A.D kùm in khove!l púmpí ki-úhna díngin United Nations Organization(UNO) á’ng phùtdoh u’a, á’ng nèità úh hi. Námpí pànsià gam námpí(nation) gam kisiemté piènkhiètna kùm sáwt sèng na!i lòu ahidàn ahi chikhu tàngthù simté’n a thèi chiét díng úh hi. Benedict Anderson in a làibú ‘Imagined Communities’ sungah chièntahin a gièl hi. Amá’n a gènna ah, námpí gamté(nation states) pên làibusùtna teknolozi leh làibúté làilám khànletna gàsuong (product) ahi a, khúmté zièha híng piengkhiè ahibòu hi, a na chi hi.<br /><br />1439 kùm in Pu Gutenberg in làibúsutna a na siemdoh a, tuá zàwin, Urop gamté ah na kipolút hi. Tám làibúsutna in, mipíté Khahlàwna(Renaissance) leh lungsim Khovâhna (Enlightenment) a na tùn a, tám gèlin, mipí làisìmthèina(mass literacy), mipí lungsim pìlna(informed public) leh námpí gam tuomtuomté a na piengkhesah hi.<br /><br />1990 kùm vél in léitúng ah Internet á’ng kipolút a, 2000 kùm zàwin khovél mùnchìn ah, tú hún chiéngin muthèi leh zahthèi in á’ng ómtà hi. 1990 kùm a, internet zàngmí tawmnóu khàt apat in, tú chiéngin léitúng pùmpí a, Internet zàngmí thènzà(billion) a chingtá hi.<br />Internet pên mihingté kihòumàtna, kithuzâhna, kipàwlkhàwmna, kimùtuòna, ki-èttuòna, sum kòina, summêtbàwlna, sièmzìlna, sièmsìnna, làisimna, pìlna, thèina leh sil lámdáng, sil thupí leh sil dángdángté ngàthèi leh mùthèina mùn ahi. Mihing sièmna pìlna zóusiè ngàna mùn ahia, <strong>Gâlngam theipêng</strong> sánga zòng nâhpítaha thupízàw ahi. Khuchi’n thèina, sièmna leh sil tuomtuomté pên kíntahin léisiét túngah á’ng kithèzâh thèi hi.<br />Internet in léitúng mihingté á’ng kinàisah sémsémtà a, khuchi’n Khovél Pawlpi(planetary society) á’ng piengthèità hi. <strong>Facebook</strong> máimái ah sángtùl(million) 500 a vâltá hi. <strong>Twitter</strong> sungah sángtùl(million) 200 a vâltá hi. 1999 kùm in khovél ah mobile phone sángtùl 12 vél ahi. Túni chiéngin, a kisìmdàn in, thènzà(billion) 5 vâltá a kisim ahi. Kùm tám lòu sungin, khovél a mihing zóusiè’n internet kizop mobile phone á’ng nèi chièt díng uphuoi màmà hi.<br /><br />Internet in mihingté thèina pên á’ng kikhêl lámdángsahta màmà hi. Kùmzalom kipat toh kizúiin, éi léitúng míté pên khovél piènchìl apatin sìm in, túni’n khovél tàngthù poimaw màmà lámká thuòm lâiah éité i ding chiéttà úh hi. Tám internet tungtàwn a, siémna pìlna, etthèi-mùthèité in i lungsimté úh a kikhêlsah nâhta màmà a, thèina kikhèllámdànna (information revolution) zièhin ani ani in, a hlà hlà in, a kùm a kùm in, Léitúng pùmpí (Khovél) a kikhêl dèudèutà hi. Tám thèina kikhèllámdànna in politiks, sumlepâisàina (economy) leh tàwndàn pièndàn lámsangah bàngtàn suhkháhna(impact) á’ng tùn diéi, chipên a kithèichièn nái sih a, himàleh a hù in á’ng zàp pànpàntà hi.<br /><strong>WikiLeaks</strong> kichi zòng túhún chiénga, a na kipèipì thupuóhna(traditional journalism) dínga a digital lím leh mêl ahità hi. Túin <strong>Facebook</strong> ahileh Khovél ah gam liènté lah a, China leh India bàn ah athùmna in a pang hi.<br />1439 kùm a Pu Gutenberg in làibúsutna a na siemdoh zièha khahlàwna, lungsim khovâhna leh námpí gamté a na tùt bàngin, túnia internet sièmkhiétdoh zièh leh internet zoppì mobile phoneté khu zapí zahthèi dínga á’ng optàh zièhin, Khovél thèikhiétna(planetary consciousness) leh Khovél mipíthunèina á’ng puòh hi.<br /><br />Tú khang ahileh Digital khang ahia, i hìnkhuo, i ngaituònaté úh, khovél hìnkhuo leh khovél lungtáng kuò in i khosa simtá úh hi. Internet in míté a kihâusahthèi a, a kinùisahthèi a, a kingâisahthèi a, a kigáwmsahthèi a, a kinúngsahthèi hi.<br />Social networking sungah mihing khàt in lawm leh guolté nèiin, a sunga óm bàwlthèi, mùthèi, septhèi, zìlthèi, ngàthèi leh adángdángté zàngin a húnté úh a mang zél úh hi.<br />Pawlkhàtté ahileh, léitúng mùn tuomtuom ah a zín lèlè u’a, a vâh káwikáwi úh hi.<br /><br />Internet ahileh khovél púmpí a, mipíté pànmùn lâhthèina khùtzah hòi màmà a suohtà hi.<br />Mipí thèidínga kilawm léisièt(khovél) túnga siltúngté leh silpiengté gèntèna in, léitúng satna, hùikhuo kikhèlna, sum leh pâi lámsàina, hèlbawlna, nàt leh sàt, pùl tùn leh khovél susethèi, sukhathèi leh sildángté suhtúpna leh suhdamna kizàngthèi vànzah poimàwtah khu Internet ahi.<br />International Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN) in Board of Directors 2000 kùm in a na kitèlna u’ah, khovél pùmpí a ICANN sunga vote nèi khuleh internet nèiteng a kizáusah úh hi. Khuzièhin, Khovél a Mipíthunèina khuh Internet tungtàwnin a pièngtá hi. </p><p align="justify">Akhàtna ah, Egypt gam, Cairo khopí ah Internet hùzàp zièhin, mipí kiphìnna huoisetah mai a túnga, tútàn in zòng a dài nái sih hi. </p><p align="justify">Anina ah, Sudan, Athumna ah Yemen, A lina ah Tunisia, Angana ah.................??????<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-26394376200756498012010-12-06T03:39:00.001-08:002011-02-08T00:32:35.312-08:00Zou-English-Hindi Kizilna Laibu<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRX8748FXOuI2HFQfHG4nYC294DiQ2Zez6qU-HR9XTugYOmd1XOyaQKEz929_ZdOLazYQf7z2TDHLulTF-udQ1MA0ux5Z1KLJE9W_l-wywstTGzQXGdLzsreBC7UcEyWRYLdVTxmd2RJO/s1600/zou-eng-hindi02.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 200px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 148px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5571232260685874210" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvRX8748FXOuI2HFQfHG4nYC294DiQ2Zez6qU-HR9XTugYOmd1XOyaQKEz929_ZdOLazYQf7z2TDHLulTF-udQ1MA0ux5Z1KLJE9W_l-wywstTGzQXGdLzsreBC7UcEyWRYLdVTxmd2RJO/s200/zou-eng-hindi02.jpg" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjH9tZ1IV5LFRCKtbJEil4XnH518umHkCCM3qCEIRA9pXA22Nls9AgesAqyVOweQNa31o5NqULwezkvBYu5u7HPySNA2M27PXhotaqENJ93UjqtIYJVe-WLIIbjIFy1r8gtScaOgRWPCBL/s1600/zou-eng-hindi.jpg"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 144px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5571232177871554482" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjH9tZ1IV5LFRCKtbJEil4XnH518umHkCCM3qCEIRA9pXA22Nls9AgesAqyVOweQNa31o5NqULwezkvBYu5u7HPySNA2M27PXhotaqENJ93UjqtIYJVe-WLIIbjIFy1r8gtScaOgRWPCBL/s200/zou-eng-hindi.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><div>Dear Friends,<br />ZOCULSIN will be bringing out a book titled "Zou-English-Hindi Kizilna Laibu(Self-tutor of Zo-English-Hindi)" ..soon.... Price Rs.200/-<br />If anybody wants to buy it you may contact through this address or email.</div><div>Mr. Philip Mangkang, C/o 48, Delhi Govt. Officers Flats, G.K-I, New Delhi-110048.</div><div>or email: <a href="mailto:pedozom@gmail.com">pedozom@gmail.com</a> or <a href="mailto:philipzo_64@rediffmail.com">philipzo_64@rediffmail.com</a></div><div>mobile: 9810317775<br />Administrator.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-38682828760160832052010-10-15T01:54:00.000-07:002010-10-19T03:19:00.102-07:00PU ZO SUONTE SIENMÂNG ZÂLAH SINLUNG HUOLTON VAI<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQOweBQJuGAbgxPGyrkH5e0Ax6V_RF9cRVw65BHaOqWXs2q71ICE0vtet1ULovxzrDETZZ_xmHh8cnFgu6vDUyIDr3oV5FJiJaTS1xBEUSuKRBKHzLPDqHN0HDwarW3HStOPzSXINUU_6/s1600/Khuplienpau.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 152px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5528195212834716802" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQOweBQJuGAbgxPGyrkH5e0Ax6V_RF9cRVw65BHaOqWXs2q71ICE0vtet1ULovxzrDETZZ_xmHh8cnFgu6vDUyIDr3oV5FJiJaTS1xBEUSuKRBKHzLPDqHN0HDwarW3HStOPzSXINUU_6/s200/Khuplienpau.JPG" /></a> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:black;"><strong>"Sanggamte aw, na lah vuah kikhenna a omlo na dingin nohaw zosie khat le khat kithutuoh dimdiem<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>in, lungsim kibanga tupna khat sung ah na kigawm<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>ton nading vun Topa Jesu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Khris min tawh kang thuum hi"<i> </i></strong>(I Corin 1:10). <div><strong><em>(Zoham pen zumpi ding hilo hi. I ham in i lungsim ei kinaisah hi )</em> </strong></div><div><strong>Article by Rev. Khup Lien Pau(MMFC)<br /></div></strong><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Khatvei laiin Germany gam a om Berlin khuopi ni suona leh nitumna ciin,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>kikhen a, a kikal ah kidal na ‘kawm’ pen minthang mama hi. Tua kawmdal pi zieh in Berlin khuopi pen khuo khat hina pi in, zahdan leh ki-uhna a tuom tuoh in nei uh hi. A hizongin Berlin khuopi khen ni a suohsah kidalna kawmpi ang sietmang ciengin ang kigawmton theikia hi. Tuni in, i Zo mite sung ah Lungsim kigawmton theilo, lungsim tanglen a om sah kidalna kawmpi om deidoi thei kha ding hi. “Kidalna kawm” i ci pen, ei lie, ei dal, gamgi banga, ei khen vengvong ci na ahi hi. Tua kideidanna 'kawm' in i khantona ding ei kihehsah a, khat veivei ei khahtan thei lai hi. Mailam khanto nading ei dal, kideidan na kawmte phelmang vai. Bang kidal na kawmte i nei ei?</p><div><br /></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"></p><div><br /></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14;">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><em>Kidéidànna Kawmte phélmáng vài<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></em></span></b></p><div><br /></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Topa Jesu in, <i>"Khat le khat kilem in om un"</i> (Mark 9:50) ci'n gen hi. I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>hlagau lam hinna ah ih guol dangte tawh kilemlona 'kawm' kidalna pi ih nei kha ei mà? Tami kideidan na 'kawm' dal in Zo mite ei thelthang sah hi. Minam khat leh nam khat kikal, Be le Be, Phung khat le Phung khat kikal a kidangmu na, kideidan na leh ki-elnate in, ih NAM suolsah mama hi. Laisiengtho lui hunlai in Egypt mite in Israel mite muda in kii-dah mama uh hi. Tuaban ah Judah minamte leh Siamazih minamte kikal ah kideidan na kawm nasia mama hi. Judahte'n Siamazih mite pen Judah minam kician hilo(sit-lo) ci'n mu-uh a hizieh in muda mama uh hi. Nuazui'te hunlai in Judah minam'te le Gentile minam'te kikal ah kideidan na kawm nasia mama hi. Tam bang minam kideidan na hang in Leitung galpi nina hun in Judah mi-600000 bang kithat in, meikuongpi manaw uh hi. Ih Kawlgam ah, Kazin le Kawlmi te kikal ah, kimuda na kawmdalpi khat na om ngai hi. Kazin'te khat in. <i>“Vantung ah Kawl'te khat kamu leh kilekia vingveng vang in, meikuongpi pei zaw vawt van'g”</i> ci sah hi. Tua bang a ih kibahlonate kideidan na aa ih neihlo ding kisam mama hi. Ei Zo mite pen khuo khat le khua khat ih haam zong kibanglo om thei lai hi. Khatvei ZBA aa General Secretary Rev.Kam Suon Mang kung ah, Lai siengtho na tei na uh ah, (Vai, vavui; ha, hla) ci kammalte koipen aa, a man zaw ci'n zah nasawm uoi? ka ci leh, <i>“Ei Zo mi khat popo haam pen ei ma Zo'te haam hi ci'a ngaisut ding leh san ding ahi hi” </i>a ci cieng hi sa mama ing. Tuabang aa ih san ciengin, Zosah, Zohang ci a, kikhenna kawmdalpi a phel mang ih hi hi. GZO min kiphuona, Panorama Hotel ah a kibawl in, Rev Dr Go Za Kham in <i>“Common sence na nei bo un"</i> ci'n ei vaihah hi. Pu Zo Suan te’n a taanzau thukhuol na i nei leh phung cin, namcin'te aa dingin thupha ih suoh ding hi. Nam neu lungsim nei khat in Nampi te bang ci huam thei ding a hei? Nampi lungsim a hi, Khris lungsim vom ciet bo vai.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p><div><br /></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Zo mikhat in Zo haam pen zumpi lo in, ih zah ding ahi hi. I haam in ih lungsim ei kinai sah hi. Nam itna zong kilang sah hi. Zo gegu Zo haam aa, haam theilote e leh? Tu aa mun ah, Zo mikhat in Zo haam ahaam theilo zieh in Zo hilo kici theilo leuleu hi. Haam pen kisin thei aa, nam hina pen kisin thei hi lo hi. Minamdang khat in Zo haam a siem zieh in, Zo minam kisuohsah theilo hi. Khatvei, Korea aa ih Zo mite in, khuado khat bawl uh aa, tua mun ah Rev. Khuppi in, <i>"Zo haam ka siemlo zieh in Zo hisih teh, nei ci uh leh, i sisan en vai”</i> a ci kammal pen san huai mama a, minam itna pen sisan hizaw hi. Zo haam aa, a haam thei lo, i Zo sisan a nei ih mipihte tawh ih kikal ah ei dal kikhenna kawmpi phel mang vai.</p><div><br /></div><p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:14;">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Khaw-kal sih vai.</span></i></b></p><div><br /></div><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"></span>Zo mite'n a pieng sah pa Pasien phawhlo aa, a piensahnate beh uong bawl, thupi sah zaw a, i op leh “a khaw kal” i hi ta hi. Zo mite Khris mi suoh ding, Zo gam Khris gam suohsah ding longal a thupi zaw dang omnawn lo hi. "Tua zata-a a lien hutdamna thu thudon lo-in om lei, bangci bangin i suohta thei ding ahei?..." (Heb. 2:3) Tu ni-in, hàm kibang, minam kibang, sisan kibang Zo mite leitung ah Pasien in namkhat in ei pieng sah hi. A hizong in khatvei kikhen na ang om dinghi. Tua kikhen na in khantawn kikhen na ahihi. Pasien innkuon suona in a kikhen ngai nawn lo ding nam khat suona ahi hi. Tu ni-in<i> </i>"Koi be koi phung na hei? Koi pawlpi na hei?" ci'a kidot na sang in,"Gup nga lam na ki cien tai mah?" ci'a kidoh na in thupi zaw a, khantawn hinna tawh kipawl zawhi. Zeisu sung ah pum khat sa khat suona la ciet bovai. </p></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-8755667980319934492010-10-04T04:18:00.000-07:002010-10-04T04:25:20.089-07:00The Zou Script<div align="justify"><strong><em>KhaiMinthang, USA, 7th March 2010</em></strong></div><div align="justify">Oral tradition maintained that the Zou people once have had their own written script in olden days. Emperor Shih Huang-di (First Sovereign Qin Emperor – Chinese: ????; Qing Shih Huang-di) defeated the Warring States (Seven Kingdoms) and became the first emperor of China in 221 BC, until his death in 210 BC. Between the period of 213 and 206 BC, the Hundred Schools of Thought were pruned and legalism survived. Beginning in 213 BCE, all classic works of the Hundred Schools of Thought — except those from Li Si’s own school of philosophy known as legalism — were subject to book burning. It was during that period that the Zou script was confiscated and burned down by the Chinese emperor Shih Huang-di, who enslaved them to build a certain portion of the Great Wall of China. Another tradition maintained that the Zou script that was written on a leather scroll. The leather scroll that was inserted on the inner-roof of a house felled down on the muddy wastewater. The leather decomposed and later was eaten by a dog. The third tradition maintained that the Zou script was written on leather and a bark. The first one was written on leather, and the last written on a bark. Unfortunately, a hungry dog ate the leather on which the script was written, and the script written on the bark was burned. Quite ridiculous, yet the late Rev. Khup Za Go said “The Zo script was eaten up by a hungry dog” in his book entitled Christianity in Chinland. The story goes such that the only script that they have was written on a piece of animal skin and there was only one person taking care of it. The person who took care of the script traveled to another place on foot, with his dog. It apparently was a hot and sunny day. He passed by a creek and stripped off his load and went down the creek to get a sip of it. Then, the saddest story ever told happened there – The script was eaten up by his hungry dog.<br /><br />One must be very clear of the Zou culture that gives derogatory names such as dog, jackal, wolf, tiger-man, etc. to someone they hate or someone who is foreign to them. This is true even today. This could be found in one of the Zou folklores which says, “Nidang in la Kawl Mangpa zi’n ka um ee; Tunla tunla ngahsanu nau ka ching ee.” (I was once the queen/wife of the lord of Ava; Now, I am baby-sitting the she-jackal’s child). This is also true with the Chinese culture who called their neighboring Yao tribes ‘Wild dog or jackal.” This might have been true with the incident of the lost script. So, if this was true, the Zou script might have been confiscated by their enemies. The event of the lost script was followed by a Dark Age in Zou history where they didn’t have time to rewrite the script. Barbarism because of staying in the caves for long times could possibly contribute to the lost script. Dr. David Vumlallian Zou opined, “In traditional Zou society, the knowledge of script (If at all it existed) would have been confined to a small section of the people like the village priest or the tribal chieftain.” The lost script has become legends and myths to the Zou people now. Whatever the case it might have been, I am reminded of Sing Khaw Khai’s words, “In fact, legends and myths are not the creation of memories, but are the reminiscence of the past experiences.” Therefore, it would be safe to conclude that there was the Zou script in ancient times.<br /><br />The second generation of the Zou script came in multiple forms – the Pau Cin Hau’s script in 1902, Dr. Khuplam’s script in 1949, and the Siahzathang’s script in 1952. These three scripts were invented by Zou natives based on their revelation of the last script. It did not get any popularity mainly because of the fact that the Zou people of that time were uncivilized, and don’t really bother if or not they have any script.<br /><br />In the Chin Hills of Burma, Pau Cin Hau claimed to have been revealed a script which he called Tual Lai (Local script). “The Pau Cin Hau script is the ecclesiastical script of the Laipian religious tradition, which developed in the Chin Hills region at the turn of the 20th century. The script is named after Pau Cin Hau (1859–1948), a ‘Sukte’ (Tedim) Chin, who founded the Laipian tradition and developed the script in order to convey his teachings” says Anshuman Pandey who made a research on the Pau Cin Hau’s script. The revised alphabet consists of 21 consonants, and the Sermon on the Mount in St. Matthew was printed in this script in 1931.<br /><br />In Manipur, Dr. Khuplam Milui Lenthang claimed to have been revealed a script by YHWH for the Chikim people (Chikim is an abbreviated form used by some Zou writers to denote the Chin, Kuki and Mizo ethnic groups). Although he had been struggling to rewrite the lost script since 1949, his hard work on the script got paid off in 1967. He was quoted to have said that after a profound prayer to YHWH and deep meditation on the Scripture, he got the revelation of the lost script. His script called “Bulpizem” has 32 characters and numerals 1 to 10. He sent his Bulpizem to Mr. Lal Thanhawla the then Chief Minister of Mizoram for further research.<br /><br />In Manipur, M. Siahzathang Zou claimed to have discovered the old Zou Lai (Zou script) in his father’s diary book. If this was true, where did Siahzathang’s father get the script? He further developed the original 25 characters of the alphabet into the present form of 27 characters with numerals 1 to 10 in 1952. The Manipur State Kala Academy has twice honored the achievements of M. Siahzathang Zou both in 1976 and in 1991. The United Zomi Organization adopted the M. Siahzathang’s system of writing as the Zou script in 1976 at its General Assembly held at Tuaitengphai. This system of writing gained momentum among the Zou students of the 1970s for the first time that was followed by gradual decline in the late 1980s. It has been resurrected again in the late 1990s when the Zou Literature Society became functional again. The ZLS had their sub-committee named Zou Laimal Saipawl who brought out mimeographed copies of Zoulai Sinna (Zoulai Self-instructor) in 1999. Furthermore, the Zolai Simpat Bu (Zou Primary Book) was released on October 10, 2009 at the Zoumunnuom Community Hall, Churachandpur, Manipur, by the then Education minister of Manipur L. Jayantakumar Singh.<br /><br />The third generation of the Zou script began with the formation of International Phonetic Association. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would come to be known (from 1897 onwards) as the International Phonetic Association. The original alphabet was based on a spelling reform for English known as the Romic alphabet, but in order to make it usable for other languages, the values of the symbols were allowed to vary from language to language. It was only after the IPA formation that the missionaries in Zou inhabited areas begin to introduce new scripts for the Zou people, at different period and region.<br /><br />In Mizoram, this dialect (Duhlian dialect of the politically dominant Lusei clan) received a further boost when Christian missionaries arrived in 1894, namely, Rev. F.W. Savidge and Rev. J.H. Lorrain, who reduced the language into writing, using a simple and effective phonetic Hunterian system of Roman script. In the Chin Hills, Rev. JH Cope introduced Kamhaw dialect into writing in 1910. </div><div align="justify">Source:</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.zolengthe.net/2010/03/07/the-zou-script-2/">http://www.zolengthe.net/2010/03/07/the-zou-script-2/</a></div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-89101604903217028632010-10-04T00:13:00.000-07:002010-10-04T00:40:44.927-07:00Zou Spelling zahdà:n Issue(Ref: Paite LS)<div align="justify"><em>{Tamí interview pên Manipur a Zou Lài Saipawlté'n lungpí khuol káwm a, i Zou literature Spelling zahdànté á'ng ngaituò thâkiá thèina díng u'a híng kitâlàng ahi. ZLS, Manipur váisaité'n zòng Subject toh kisai hitavé'n, Spelling toh kisai hitavé'n lungpí hìng khuol kàwm in, Zou sunga i misiém i mipilté huóikhàwm in, i <strong>ZOU Lài simbúté Ethâkiána Workshop liènpi</strong> khàt á'ng ngàisut díng úh i kinèm zing úh hi. Zou lài kisùt langkàlsiè kum 10 hìng náitoutà ahimànin, ètthâ hún màmà tà hi}</em></div><div align="justify"><em></em> </div><div align="justify"><strong>Dr KP Guite in spelling zatdan ah textbook toh kituaklou ahi chih genchiang a, houlimna paitou zel in O toh OU zatdan toh kisai a ngaihdaan chimtak hon genkhia hi.</strong> Aman a genzelna ah PLS in syllabus a bawldek in <em>open workshop chihte sai sese lou in a guk a gal a zaan khat thu khawng a khat le nih a gelhte uh quality nei sa taktak lou ban ah hoihsa zoulou ahihdan gen hi.</em> Simtute’n achiang zawsem in simsuk nawn ni eleh.. </div><div align="justify"><strong></strong> </div><div align="justify"><strong>ZOL: Ahih leh PLS te laimal zat dan bang ziak a dik salou na hia? A diklou deuh nasak te non gen lang thei diam?</strong><br />Diklou ka saknate laimal diklou chih zawng chiah le hilou in hileleng uniformity I puak khiaktheih na ding ua A AW B CH kizang vek mawk lebel Burma ah gelh in, Kolkata ah gelh in, Bombay ah gelh le le hong kibang vek di ahi. Tua bel I laibu tengteng uh Paite laibu chi hi in chin I laimal zat dan utut a zang thang vek huchi dan a ompen I khanmohbawk khat uh a hi. Kei deihdan in A AW zang giugeu mawk tale spelling thu a kibuai lou ding ahi.<br /><br />Mizo te bang le A AW ana zang ua haksatna tuh om eive, A AW I zat taktak chia haksatna om tham, etsakna ding in Khatthang chih bang kigelh dik ngeilou, Khat chu khat (one) eivele, Khaatthang hia maw Khat(one)thang chih ngai lou di? PLS te chih dan a le huai kha kigelh dik khin tuan lou ahi. Khaatthang chih dia chu KHAAT ahih di hilehle huai double vowels te I hon lak lut tam luat chiang a Va-aak chih bang hon kigelh Va-aak a tuh Va leh Aak chih khah A nih kia hong omlou in chin Va a A khat lut khin, Ak ah A nih, A thum hong lut ding, huchia hong pai mawk in chin I problem uh chu veng chiang hilou ahi. Pu Khamkham in Bible hon leh nanung pen le double tampi hon zang in chin huai bang le hoih zel kisalou sim ahi.<br /><br />Khat kia hoih sak a pai ek ni chih thu le ahi kei a hilehleng a public in kha hoih sa hetlou napi Literature Society in kitaalkaih na thupitak omlou in public consent hon draw lai le uh hoihlou ding hia? A AW bei nam I hih di uh le dik tuanlou a, politics lam a le script nei nam I hih di uh ahi. Adoption of ABC I pass ringot uh bang leng kuate thutheih ahia? Nam khat I hih ngal uhleh A AW script nei ihih uh ut huai ahi. Nidang in ka na hah genluatleh mi khenkhat in hon vauvau ua, ka ki vak na ding zen le hi zenzen kei chia ka daihmai eive. I literature society sai te’n wide consultation hihloupi a writer bang leng a tanaute uh summuh theihna chia hilh tawm zok in zan khat zan nih a production a bawl nak te uh tawp le hoih ding hi.<br /></div><strong></strong><div align="justify"><strong>ZOL: Nang deih na dan a Zougam toh Zogam pen kha PLS dan tak a hih hileng OU zat ngai ding bang hi a, hiai tungtang ah bang ngaihdan na nei a leh?</strong><br />OU toh kisai kei ngaihdan sawt pek a kipan Paite Academy of Letters(PAL) ka hih lai ua ka hih uh A AW hoih tak in I zang tadih phot ding ua, hah bawl louh ding chih na hilou in huai basis in I bawl di uh chih ahi. Tua question set dia Controller of Examination in ka inn hong zong khia a hong nget chiang a man lou pipi leh phatuam ngaitak a kana bawl ahi. Khatthang in hon ngohna toh kisai in ken va kitahlah a va ki involve hi zenzen lou ka hi. Letter zat ahih leh kei deihdan in kana zang chih ka admit ve…<br /><br /><strong>PLS dan tak a gelh di hileng U hong tel ding in ZOUGAM ki gelh ding, huai lah zang tuan lou bangziak a huai zanglou uh a chih non gen thei diam?</strong><br />Mipi theih dia le kigen tham in tua bang a le pawl nih kipha sim eive. Lamka lam bang a A AW B CH mipite theihlouh a drop hang a ,A AW zang tadih phot ni uh. Moreh Agreement bang le huai khosak lam ten le hon zat pih lou zel uhi. Lamka lam a le lawi khat nakipan uh hiveh aw tumalam a, ka nekzonna lam le ahi kei a ut leh na lohloh uh loh ta ve un chi ing a, nana tawpsan bawl ka hi.<br /><br /><strong><em>Tua PLS te gelh dan a kuaman gelhpih lou ahi, amau nasan in le gelh lou, tua press release hon bawl na bang a le a thu lak a chu CH ngen hon zang zel ua, amah leh amah le self-contraction hon bawl ahi.</em></strong> Huai ziak a mipin lah gelhpih het lou huchia a sim a hidden agenda dan a pai saksak un chin huai kha mipiten le khawk sa lou I hi mah hia chih ka leh question ut ahi .Tua question ka bawlna ah amau letters ka zui kei a, hileleng a answer lam pang a leng instruction a mau zat siam dandan pom ahi ding chih a gelh gige uh. I literature uh under discussion dan a paitou lai ahi amau bel coaching khawng a hilh chiang ua a mau deih dan hilhthei di guai ua hilhzel uh ahi. Huai khawng theilou ka hikei a, Controller of Examination in kei hon approach hon bawl chiang a, tua kha mipin a sungthu chiik tak thei het lou hang a, mipin lah zuih pih het lou ban ah I newspaper tengteng in le zui lou uhi.<br /><br />OU thu ahih leh tampi in hoih a kisa ahi mai thei hi. Mi dang influence kha nasatak a hong lut ahi , etsakna dia Pu Gouzagin MP, mah in GO dan a I genleh GAWZAGIN hon chi ua a nuam kei U ka behlap chi hi. Goukhenpau in le huchi mah a chi a U hong lut kha mawk ahi. Meitei te hon inflluence khak hinchin, ken ei lak a amplify dia ka deihpen tua I bawl dandan ua le solution permanent a hon paw doklou mawk ahi. A AW mang sak lou retain lai ni uh, huai a kipan in a hoih zawding literature siamtak ei lak a mi hong piang dia, huai chiang in bawl danglam didan nasak a bawl ngai ahi. Tunin le Sumkhanjam in hon houpih nilouh a, a mah min bang le min a hon gelhsak chiang ua Z a zat sak un chin bank khawng a bang hiam a ei theih louh kal a cheque muh di bang om leh J a man zang in chin hilehle voter list a Z a om ziak a buai a buai thei ka hi chi, huchi dan a permanent pi khat I neih uh ngai ahi, kithutuahna khat hong pawt ngai in chin. Huai ziak a hiai A AW B CH kha zat nawn het louh ding chih a hih lele mipi theisiam sak le uh, a guk a gal a hidden agenda dan a ana ki paipai ahi. Huai ziak a ken ka ngaihdan a chu Kashmir, India leh Pakistan kikal a tuni tan a solution a om louh bang a hiai I gelh tengteng uh laimal zat dan uh tai a taizak mawk, gawm dan omlou hia chih kha kei dinmun hin chin, hichi mawng ding ahi chih ki settle nai kei a hilehle accept vek lai phot mah hoih di ahi chih kei ngaihdan ahi.<br /><br /><strong><em>Tua literature hon poten textbook bang gelh di chiang a le public call bawl mawngmawng lou uhi. Monopoly bawl in a utut uh zankhat thu in gelhsak uhi. Poem bang eimi la phuak siam te a le hoih tak ala kim lou,a kihih mawk in chin huchia amau putu gou bang dan a uk mawk ding uh le hikhollou ahi .Hiai khawng bang le I society sung a correction bawl a transparency neitak a I khosak uh ka deih hi. I nam against a koi lam hiam a dia kei ut thu a pawng kaihsawm le hilou ka hi.</em></strong> </div><div align="justify"><strong><em>Source: </em></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong>ZOL Exclusive: Dr KP Guite Interview Part II</strong></div><div align="justify"><strong>on; </strong><strong><a href="http://www.zogamonline.com/articles">http://www.zogamonline.com/articles</a></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-1120807781485977332010-09-29T00:19:00.000-07:002010-09-29T00:31:54.653-07:00ZOTON(Feast of Boasting)<span class="createby"><span class="createdate"><span class="createby">By Philip Thang Lien Mang </span>
<br /><span class="createby"></span>Thursday, 19 February 2009 11:21
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-67020072434103912492010-09-21T00:50:00.000-07:002010-09-21T01:05:11.953-07:00ZO LAUKHA HING PALLUN NA DIN- ZODEI GUOLLAI AH<p align="justify"></p><p align="justify"><br />Published on Tuesday, May 20, 2008<br /><em>By Shang Samte</em><br />Zo mi lou na lwi na pai ten ‘Nang nu/pa mawng mawng Zo hi mawngmawng vateh. Kahing thei hi. Kang thei na khat um’ , ‘lawm zote hi va the maw?’ ahiei… (blah…..blah ….) ang chi ngai uai?? Hing chi ta le uh bang chin na dawng diei?? Zo nahi naki zuumpi kha ngai ei ? ZO te ding in siam na chia,pil na chia ,maw na chia bang na chia hing ki chi leh na lung a thah diei ??? (A dang dawh thei ding geen ding tampi um nanleh hitan in hunsah phot vai maw???.)ZO la ate nou ngai thei vangei nasai?? A dangte ngai lou gil lou ka chi na hilou in tam a nuai a laa ngai seng ka sah man in kang tah lang hi. A phuohtu, asatu,a producer te jal in Pasian min ngainou ka pahtawi hi. Lawm aw, ana sim suah inlen ana kingai tuo mawngvoi??? Bang bang pi na ngaituona ah ang um ei??? Pu TT Thangpi ZO ham jang siam diah ka sa a , alaa gel hoi ka sa a ka ngai chim thei sih hi.Pu Josheph Suanlien, a ‘aw’ ngai sa in ka bil haa ah a thaam den hi. A picture jongh Zogam mun tuomtuom I tawndaan te bangte ban ah Malaysia ki kap hinalai !!! Gen seng siei. Ana en mawng voi. Kei na bah leh bang bang e pi ngaisun va teh chi ing .<br /><br />ZODEIH GUOLLAI AH<br />Phuo : T.T. Thangpi<br />Sah : Joseph Suan Lien<br />Limlah : Mihon Producer : MALAYSIA ZO INNKUON (????)<br /><br />Tanglai Pu ZO hun a ki pan Tutan vei downg lungzeei sieng ih kibuol zie un<br />Mite ha tung kaa in gamdiel khai zouta ZO vontowite a mi za lai ah<br />Ih nammin talowm mansou ding ii ZO vontawi aw<br /><br />CiillaiI ZOLAI simbu sungh ahh jong, siem thei chiil hawn ZOHAaM ham sa ci’n giel uh Sangam haw ding thei haa telh haa nan zong lehZO vawntoite ii towngsuo hi zumi sih vai Ei a ding aa sien dei hibou<br /><br />Pu ZO suonte ih nam min uh kem ching vai Ih ZOHAM zong zumpi sih vai<br />Ih ZO tangthu sut kia vai ZO deih guollia ah Pu ZO vontowi te ih hi vuh<br />Sien ciepte sa ZO deih nam min Singdang guol aw , ei theipi ta vun<br /><br />ZO vontawi Sienmang leh minam a ding in Pilleh siamna ittlou in ZO mun zuonvai<br />Na zowng zawng in nahau zong in<br />Ih minamin tuolkhiet theilou inZumpi sih vai a towpna ah ZO,<br />ZO ihi ki khel theilou<br /><br />Pu ZO suonte ih nam min uh kem ching vai Ih ZOHAM zong zumpi sih vai<br />Ih ZO tangthu sut kia vai ZO deih guollia ah Pu ZO vontowi te ih hi vuhSien ciepte sa ZO deih nam minSingdang guol aw , ei theipi ta vun(4.22 Minutes)<br />(with apology to the copyright holders)<br /><br />Tam a tung a laa a video a a subtitle dan tah hisih nanleh ahitheitan in ahi bang ka jangh hi.Tam laa in Zo mi laa phuh/sah siam I pu I pate ban ah Pu Thawngpau, Pu Toulpi, Pu Thangkhanlal, Pu Zamkholian, Pu Thangchinkhup, Pu Khamzakap, Pu Mangzathang,Pi Bawiniang leh a dangdang te ban ah I laa sah siam tuamtuam tampi te ka lung ah ahing ki lou sah hi. Amin te uh I gen/giel kim jou sih a ang ngai siam uh jong ka ngen sawnsawn hi. Amaute jal in I ham I kam te thuh daan ,gildan kilawm dante I thei be a I bieh uhi<br /><br />Genbe nalailai leh Pu TT Thangpi laa in tampi a koval a, a samlap in a bawn in a geen sieng kei phiel hi. I Pusa bieh dan te a hing pan in I nam in man suo lou ding daan, Pasian in eite a ding a a dei ahi dan,I Zo ham,I tangthu,ngaina te uh juun tha kia ding a poimaw daan te tan a bawn in a gensieng kei hi. Tuoban ah thupi ka sah dieh in “Pu ZO vontowi te ih hi vuh,Sien ciepte sa ZO deih nam min,Singdang guol aw , ei theipi ta vun” chi’a hang tah a a geen ngam mama ahi. Tulai ham hileh Gum kasa a, Paa kasa a ,thupi ka sah ban ah COOL kasa dieh hi.<br /><br />A rejoinder jong hithou, komen jong lah hiveve chi dan in ken jong tamlou kupbe ut ka nei hi. Bangma aki jopna, aki bang na um vateh sih nanleh ka lungsim a um tamlou ka gel khiet man teng giel leng ka ut man ahi jo hi. Ki suanglaa loutah in aw…..<br /><br />Ka ngaituo leh ZOte pi Literachal,Kalchal chivel a hausa mama te ihi uhi. I pu I pa te hunlai toh te in tuhun a khangnou te I Literachal,Kalchal chi te a nausen bang giep ihi ta uhi. Ka chi na in I pu I pa ten ‘Thu khu Laa ahia,Laa jong Thu ahi’ ana chi uhi. A thu a a genkhiet ngamlou uh, a gensiamlou te uh laa a ana saek lel dan uh ahi. Eiten tuabang in I bawl thei ngel na ding uai???? Bai sa kikhaat mama ding hi. Kei ngel jong I laahaam te a mawl mama khat kahi. Nanleh ka ngaisang thrapz. Thei kim vateh sih nanlengh. Saanneem laate bang bang a geenna e chi I thei lou, I matlou tamta hi. I pu I pa te vang Genius mawngmawng uh maw??? I Literachal,Kalchal leh a dangdang toh kisai deu tam lou ka mai khah dandan in ka ngaidan/du thu saam, ka sunmang te hing lui khe mawng vong. Bang ngaidaan I nei ding uai mah. Hoi nang sah pi ua,thulah tah nang sah uleh aban masawn ding daan sui khawm tou jel vai chiin hing chiel ing. Ban ah bangpi hisih,aki geen geen sa hi na chi ua ,ahisih leh a dihlou a kimlou a um khah jenjen leh kiphalam lou hial in hing kum mai un aw??? KOI.<br /><br />A. LITERACHAL ah :<br />1. ZOLAI nidang lai a savun lai a ina kep uh, I Ui ten bangjat ahei ang na ne pi uh,amang bang a I koi uh, Pasian in amangden ding phal lou a Pu Siahzathang tung tawn a ahing pieh kia I ZO LAI MAL uh (A, Ba ,Ou ,Da ,Li, Ga,Pa,Ha,Fi, Na, I ……….. Za,Y ,Laa.) te simtha kia in thei sawm chiet lei bang a chi diei?? I Mison Sang Innte uleh I Gam ua Sang Inn te ua kompolsari sabjek dan in ki koi thei leh bang a chi diei?? Sang kaa nonlou te a ding in ZOLAI sinna ding SangInn khat mawng mawng kiphut/hong leh….<br /><br />2. LAA BU : I Laa Bupi,Laatha Bu te uh ban ah Khanglai te Phatna late(a khanglai laa deute), Mipi kikhop chiang a I sah uh late,Pasian phatna a laa ki phuah te,kisate(audio keset,CD leh adgg. te) ban ah I Laapawl te uh, khawp thei tan ki khawm hen len abu in a tuom tuom in ahilou tawp in bukhat ah kibawl thei leh (compile), chipen, LaaPawl teng a tuom ah, Naupang laa a tuom ah,khanglai laa a tuom ah, ki bawl thei/jou leh… Tuoban ah I Gamngai laa teuh jong a tuam in ki bawl hen len, Zawl laa/Ki Itt Ki ngai late/Guollel late(????) a tuam in ki bawl leh… LEENLAI LABU kichi khat jong ana ki bawl kha ta hin ka thei hi. Tuami banjom ding in Zawllaa a tha deu teng Leenlai laabu a tuanglou laatha ki siamteng bukhat ah ki bawlbe leh.. Leenlai Labupi ban ah Leenlai Laatha Bu jong a um thei veve ahi. Tuoban ah ahi thei tan a I siam dandan a laa I phuh uh jongh sil hoi nou khat ahi. Ahin, laa phuah,siam chivel mijousie bawl thei vang ahi sam sih hi.<br /><br />3. LAIBU / THU :<br />(A) I Taangmi te uh : Namlui leh nam Upa ma ihi ding uhi, taangmi jong I haw leulou uhi. Tamte Ipu I pa ten ahing nuasie uh GOU MANPHA ahilam I thei uh pawimaw hi. I taangmi (mythology) te uh abu a I bawl hunta ahi. Ahilou leh Ki manghil siang man ding ahi. Gente na in Khupching leh Ngambawm te tangmi bang, Lengtanghoi tangmi, Mawngphung bawtpa, Lamdil,Galngam leh Hangsai leh a dngg. te bang gelthu a koi hun ahi ta hi. Pu Phillip Thanglianmang in Phudil leh Nantal Tangmi a giel khia a, silhoi mama ahia, chiin tah ka sa hi.<br /><br />(B) Eiham ma a laibu tuam tuam tampi I gel uhi tulai literachal gal hun ah poimaw ta hi. Pasian thu toh kisai mai hilou in lamchin teng a jong I bawl ua, I gel uh hunta hi. Laiteng a gal dou I pat lou uleh I ham I kam uh shi thei ding hi. The Outlook Magazine ka sim khah na khat ah(a issue nambat vang thei chet non sing…) eima ZO HAM jong ham mangthang ding a kisa hamkam te lah a khat dan in a geen a ka paw naa hi. India maimai a ham mang ding a kisa a sing a sim um ahi lam thei in I ham I jong tuote lah a khat ahia, I SAVE thei na ding in I khut gel, I kam ham I jah ngai mama ta ahi chi manghil sih vai. Lai giel ding in ki han thawn thei chiet lei daahuai lou ding hi. “Koima a siam sa piang ki um lou ahi ban ah Resars bawl te mai lai giel thei ding china um tuonlou ahi” chi ka ngaidaan ahi.<br /><br />(C) Tuhun ah midang te literachal a I phah thei na ding un midang namdangte lai gel te jong a tam thei pen a I le(translate) uh poimaw hin ka mu hi. A diahdiah in Mangham a ki att,laibu tul thei lou tampi a um a tuate bang eiham in nei thei lei a dei huai hi. Drama chi bang bangham bangham hitaleh let lei I literachal in hau law mama dinghy. Tuoban ah ei ham mama in drama ,play chite bang giel lei val lou ding hi. I gel thei dandan a I gel uh pen I tu I ta khang a ding ua a GOU uh hidinghi.<br /><br />(D) Ka Sangsia te uh khat in chiemnui thutah in ‘Naga ten Research ha bawl a bawl in Kuki te history a tha sah uhi’ a chi ahi. Tambang pen tulai laigel khang ah sil hithei ahi man in a hunlai pet in ahithei tan in research bawl in I Minam, IHam te tung tangh haa gel in giel thei lei maban a I khetbu hilou in I neh ding ki khawl I hi ding hi. “Unau Thadou ten laa haa phuah seng uh Gangte te’n laa a phauh teng uh Thadou ham a na um jou siang ta , a phuah ding uh um non lou, C Lienzapau khat ana um kha sih leh….” Chi cheimnui na khat ka jaa kha hi. Sil hihei veve khat hin ka koi hi.<br /><br />(E) Tulai a hamphat huai na khat in Laibu I bawl jou lou tawp in jong News paper te ahiei ahi sih leh Internet chite ah lai I dei bang un I giel thei ta ua, I laigel te uh mi mu ding in I tah langh thei ta uhi. Tamte ahithei tan a ki hasuan ding ahi ban ah a bawl ding daan jong I ki hil uh silhoi ahi. Tuaban ah tam Internet site te ei ham ahi pou leh thu namanlou pou ,milim pou etna sang a I sim uh silhoi ahi. Tuachi leh eiman jong ki phattuom pi mama ding hi.<br /><br />B. KALCHAL ah :<br />1.I Tawn daan uah: Tulai in Western kalchal in eima neisa I kalchal kit up tah te nahpi tah in a ne sie a, a Susie hi. I kalchal pen western kalchal lung in a khawn ding kuan ahi ta hi. Tamte pen ahithei tan a I dou ding uh ahi. Ahisih leh kalchal bei,mangthang a ki um khong ding ahi. Ahin tulai leh nidanglai chi khat a um veve a tua pen I buh siam mama ding uh ahi. Ahilou leh ei leh ei ki tuisa buah I suah thei ding uhi. Khristian I hi vang ua Pawi bawl thei non lou, Ton thei nonlou china a um sih hi. Khristian dan a jong tongh thei a pawi bawl thei ahi. I sakhuo un I tawndan uh a suhsiat lou ding ahi. Ahin,kit hoi,ai chi vel I sakhuo u toh ki tuoh nonlou ahi man in I tawp san uh sil sia ahi lai jang sih hi.I Ginna jal ua ahi ding mawng ahi. Tamte I theisiam mama ding uh a pio maw ahi. Ahilou leh Tulai I chichi uh jong I chi man umlou suah ding ahi.<br /><br />2. I Laa te uh jong I kepbit uh poimaw ahi. ZO ham in a pumpi a gawm in Laa chi tuam tuam,kai daan tuamtuam 16/17 bang a um hi. Ton laa ,shimai laa,Toumun laa, jangta laa,…… laa kaile leh a dngg. te bang ahi uhi. Tamte I pilvang lou a pan I lah ki lou leh bei mang mai ding ahi. A sah dan a kai dan a thei a um lai pet a a mang thei nonlou ding a Record khiat a koi hun ahi ta hi. Cultural Song I chi chiang a Jangta laa leh Laa leh mai mai sah thei ding hi khol lou ding ahi.A diei??? Tuo ban ah tulai a I Tapidaw late te uh jong nidang alai a I Pu I pa te laa kai a kai thei veve thou ahi. Eima ham in,eima laa toh eima laa kai a kai in I Pasian uh phat lei Pasian jong nuam dieh leh kilawm hi. Nuam dieh ding in jongh gintat huai hi. Kei mai hilou, midang tampin jongh tambang ngai dan nei uhi. Ei lah ah ka thei phah tan in Pu Khamzakap in Tapidaw Zaidei Awi Pawl chiin mapan hi. Etton tah ka sa hi. Tuama bangin LEIDI Party te jong pah tat huai uh ka sa a Encourage mama ding in hoi ka sa hi. A School bang hongh thei tuah ule dei huai kasa nalai hi.<br /><br />3. Upa ten ‘Mihing luang leh Dawl luong mang lou’ a chi bang gual un I pu I pa te pen I mang hil a theiphalou a I um mawh pen silhoi hilou ding hi. Khenkhat in Lungneu huai chi bang ngaidan a nei mai thei uhi. A lung neu man uleh a mawt man uh hiva ka chi lel hi. I pu I pa khang thu. Ei khang thu te I thei mama ngai ahi. Pasal geenlou Numei in jon I thei ding ua hoi ahi. Tawndan khandan, khang thu, I piandan I meendan te I thei ngeingei ngai ahi, singhawm suanghawm a piang ihi lou man un. Tam jieh a I pu I pa ten PUSA a na bieh ih ahi. Ama khangthu theilou khu mimaw leh mibanglou ahi hi.<br /><br />Tuoban ah, thu dang kia khat ah , ZO te Sien huai lou I ta diei, bang paap khat jong a diei Kawlgam leh Vaigam ah I um ua(Bangladesh ah jong ki um nalai hi) deibang in I gam solkal kibah lou jieh in GAP a um a tuajong a kinthei lam a suh mat ding sil hoi ahi. Hattuam thu in bang, Thu leh laa ah bang I ki nai un iki gawm thei uhi. Laabu kibang ,Laisiangthou kibang bang tawi thei lei ki jop mat thei na thupi tah um ding hi. Tua hileh I khan touna rate uh jong tu a sang in ale li ale nga in khang ding in gintat huai hi. Khat tang in khat dingthei ding a, khat min in khat chi jong hing um thei ding hi. Tuo hileh Zogam hing pallun ding a ki muan huai mama ta dinghy. Tuoban ah Pasian jal in PU ZO suonte jong khovel ninglii ah I um thei ta uhi. Tamte tengteng ki khaikhawm na ding in International Zo Forum chi bang din khiat hithei leh a dei huai hi. Tua hileh Political movement bang jong thupi tah I nei thei ding ua , I neisa uh a shi bang a um, I phawh ding kal ngah laa I Zogam jong thang pha mama in hing gual jawl ngei ding in lam et huai hi. A nai??? Hina maw??? Tua hileh Singneimi thupi tah jong I nei thei tading a,jong I poimaw non sih ding a,a deihuailou dan leh a hoilou dan te ing thei ta ding ua i nei nonsih ding uhi.<br /><br />IN GOD WE TRUST ZOGAM chithei talei I Pasian uleh I Tunnu Zogam jong nuam samma ding hi ven maw????????<br /><br />Nang leh kei jal in ahi thei hi. Ahi nai???? Hina lou amah?????…………<br /><br /><em>Pu ZO suonte ih nam min uh kem ching vai, Ih ZOHAM zong zumpi sih vai,Ih ZO tangthu sut kia vai,ZO deih guollia ah,Pu ZO vontowi te ih hi vuh,Sien ciepte sa ZO deih nam min Singdang guol aw , ei theipi ta vun……………….. ZO vontawi Sienmang leh minam a ding inPill eh siamna ittlou in ZO mun zuonvai ,Na zowng zawng in nahau zong in ,Ih minam min tuolkhiet theilou </em>in Zumpi sih vai a towpna ah ZO, ZO ihi ki khel theilou……………………………. </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2256791644737222001.post-50009800594464213052010-09-09T05:29:00.000-07:002010-09-09T05:40:18.484-07:00Zolai Hong Kipatna<p align="justify"><em>Posted by Carey Suante in Vaphual.net</em><br />Kum 1886-in Mikang gamah awsuah tawh kituaka laimal gawm ding vaihawm pawl International Phonetics Association kici kiphuan a, Dr. Sweet, Reader in Phonetics, Oxford, in Honorary President sem a, Mr. Daniel Jones in Secretary len hi.<br />1894 kumin ei nisuahna gam mite lai, pau, ngeina leh tangthu a lunghimawh, a ukteng in Geneva khuapi-ah kikhopna nei-in Congress of Orientalists kici hi. Tua kikhoppina panin nisuahna gam mite pau tawh lai gelhna dingin Mikanglai (Roman script) zat ding phasa uh hi. Tua tawh kisai in Mr. Grant Brown, I.C.S. in hi bangin ci hi: Mikang lai zang ding “kam khat” pen “laimal gawm khat” hisak ding, mipil gamteah zong a kizang thei dingin bawl ding, gam khat peupeuhah kam khat peuhpeuh gelh theih pahpah na’ngin bawl ding, a thei photte in kam khat ol tak manlang taka a sim theih ding uh a bawl ding, lai khetna tawh a kikhet teh sum tawm bei thei thei dinga bawl ding, kampau tawh kisai pilna nei mite in pha a sak uh – Mikanggamteah zong a kizang thei lai leh a phatuam ding, tua teh haksatna khat peuh a om ciang a thu dot ding kampau pilna nei mi pawlkhat committee kibawl leh hoih ding hi ci hi.<br />Imperial Gazetteer (1900) kici laibupi a gelhpa Sir William Hunter in laimal gawm dan khat nei a, tua pen “Hunter System” kici pahin tu dongin Aizawl gam, Lamka gam, Tedim gam, Falam gam, Haka gam leh Zomite in a bulphuh laiat dan, laigelh zia hong kipatna khat ahi hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, Zogama hong pai masa i sangmangte, i biakna mangte pen Mikang mite hi a, amaute pen i kampau uh lai tawh hong bulhsak masate ahi uh hi.<br />1912 kumin Royal Asiatic Society kici Mikang gam mahah kiphuan a, Mikang kumpipa mah patron hi pah a, 1904 kuma Linguistic Survey of India kici laibu gelhpa Dr. A. Grierson zong makaipi khatin pang hi. Hih Society in a khet thukizakna July 1912, laimai 647-663 sungah Zopau gelhna dingin Kawllai sangin Mikanglai zat ding kilawm zaw hi cih thu tuang hi.<br />Chin Hills tawh kisaiin hi hun lai pawl mahin Zolai hong kipan hi. 1898 kumin missionary masapen Rev. Carsonte nupa Haka hong tun hangun lai lam bangmah pan pah thei nai lo uh hi. Carson sih ciangin Rev. Cope 1908 kumin Haka hong tunga, 1910 kumin Tedim ah kikhin hi. Cope in Zogam hong tun a kipanin Zolai gelh zia ding a sin pah hi. Tua hun laiin Chin Hills sung kampau khat peuhpeuh lai kibawl nai lo, lai kikhen nai lo hi. Zomite in kam khat bek zang loin kampau nam tampi tak zang uh hi cih zong kumpi uliante leh makaite (biakna) in thei uh hi. Tua paute khempeuh tawh lai kikhen thei lo a, a zang ding mi zong tawm hi. Tham loin gam khata teng minam khat mah ahih ciangun kampau tampi tawh lai bawl ding pen kumpi a dingin supna hi ding a, Zomite a ding mahin zong lai lam thahat lohna suak ding hi cih mu khin uh hi.<br />Tua hun laitak mahin bang pau tawh Lai Siangtho tei lehang hoih ding hiam ci-in LS thuvanpipa Rev. W. Sherratt pen Rangoon panin December 1911 in Chin Hills ah va zin hi. A zinna pan a muhna thu London LS saipite zumah a puaknaah Chin Hills a Sub-Division thum, Tedim, Falam leh Haka sung panin Tedim gam a gol pen, a zai pen hi. Zogam sung kumpi uliante leh tua gam sung thu a tel zaw mite ngaihsutna panin kampau tawh kisaiin Tedim gam thupi pen hi: tangkam (lingua Franca) ding vai zong hi gam panin piang dingin ki-ummawh hi ci-in puak hi. Tua mah bangin J.H. Cope in 1913 kumin Matthai bu teikhia hi. Tua pen khat vei puah pha kik laiin March 16, 1914 ciangin a bu in kikhen a, a pau kizatna leh a kiteina khua pansanin Tedim pau (Tedim dialect) cih a tungah kituangsak hi. Tua pen LS saite ciaptehna panin 1915-a kikhen ci-in a mailamah tuangsak uh a, Chin Hills ah LS kikhen masa pen ahi hi.<br />Mikang kumpite leh Khristian biakna makaite in Chin Hills a tun ciangun Kawllai sang tawmkhat tawh lai pantah uh hi. Ahi zongin a tunga kigen sa bangin Kawllai sangin Mikanglai leh Zolai tawh kipantah masa leh hoih zaw ding hi ci-a Falam khua ah Educational Conference Thukimna 1920-21 pawl in om ngei hi. Tua mah bangin Maymyo ah 1923 October ni 23 niin Chin Education Conference om kik a, tua panin Zopau Zolai tawh sang lai simbu bawl ding thukim kik uh hi. Tua tawh kitonin Rev. Cope pen kumpite in Honorary Inspector of Schools za pia uh a, ama bawlsa laibute 1925 pawlin Chin Hills sangteah hong kizat ciangin tu-a “Zolai” i cihcih uh Mikanglai tawh a kinei Zopau laibute hong piang hi.<br />Source: Leivui Panin – Autobiography by Rev Khup Za Go<br /> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0