Philip Thanglienmang, M.A(Linguistics)
Tulâi hun in, ei mihingte’n vânlêng a I lên chiengun, a hi ding mawng bangin I gêl ta uhhi. Mipil masate’n lungsim leh hluohbu bangza a na sên zieh u’a, tuni’a eite’n nuomtah leh olsamtah a, munchin gamchin teng I kawmthei uh ahiei? chi thute I ngaisut ngai sih uhhi.
Tânglâi a kipatsa’n leitung mihingte’n vân lâi zawl a, vâ lênglâite a na mu chiengun, a na êng thei mama u’a, vâte banga nuomtah a, a lênthei nadîngun lungsim sinsim na tuot let uhhi. Tua banga, a lên ûtdânte uh, lahâm ah, ‘va bang lêngkhawm’ chiin a na mang zêl uhhi. Wright unâute gêl in vânlêng a na lênsahthei masangin zong mihing in vân lâiah bangchi leh a kilêngthei diei? chi tamveipi na tum uhhi. Tami toh kisaiin, tângthu tuonthu tampi na kigielzouta hi.
Kumzalom 18th hun lain gasbag, valve, bawm(basket) chite na kisiemkheta hi. Leonardo da Vinci in lênna siem ding dân pilna lamsang na giel masapên ahi. Tuami pilna zangin, Montgolfier unâute gel in, hui sânga zângzaw lênna na siem masa ahi uhhi.
Kumzalom 20th bul lam apatin lênna siemdân zât tampi a na kipokheta hi. Wright Unâute’n December 17, 1903 nia vânlêng masapên a na lênsah zou u’a, kipatsa’n, leitung ah lênna chituomtuom tampi na kisiemkheta hi. 1950 bul lam in, supersonic jet leh subsonic jet bomber na kisiemkhie hi. Lênna khênna lam ah, USA pen leitung pumpi a lênna tegnolozi lam a siempen leh sângpen ahi. USA pen leisiet pumpi a namchinte lah a, lênna siemna lam a, siempen ahi.
Part 1: Mihingte va bang a na lên sawmna thute
Leitung ah, mihingte va bang na lêng nuom mama uhhi. Mihingte’n leisiet tungah vâte lêndânte a mu chiengun tua banga lêntheina ding lungsim a na nei uhhi. ‘Va bang lêng dîng’ lahâm gui chi bang a na phuokhie uhhi. Jesu pienma kum 400 B.C tuom hun lâiin, China gam ah sil lêngthei khat; lâilêng(lâilâm) zêm tuomtuomte toh kizêmte a na siemdoh uhhi. Lâilâm na kisiemdoh a kipatin mihingte’n tua banga lênthei ding na lunggul uhhi. Chinesete’n(Sênte’n) biehpiehna a na nei chiengun Lâilêng(lâilâm) zêm tuomtuom a na zang let uhhi.
Kumzalom tampi na peisa hun sungin, mihingte’n va banga lêntheina dingun vâte lêndân na enkhie un, a na zil zêl uhhi. Mihing hlakui a na siem u’a, singpêh zâng leh va-hla(feather, plume) khut leh bân tawng a, khîthei dîng a na siemdoh u’a, tuachiin vâte lên bangin a na lên sawm let uhhi. Mihingte tel leh voute vâte hlakui bang a kisiem ahi lou ziehin vâte lênnop dânte a zilthei sih uhhi.
Hero in Aeolopile na siemkhi hi.
Khanglui lâiin Greek mipil Alexandria mi Hero kichipa’n tuisahu zangin thaneina(power) a na siemkhie hi. Ama’n Aeolipile kichi tuisahu(steam) patsa thaneina inzin(engine) khat a na siemdoh hi. Tuana kuon in tuni’n mihingte’n lênna inzin a’ng siemthei uhhi.
Greek Pasiente leh Icarus(Greece)
Greekte tuonthu tângthu ah mihingte lêntheina khu Pasien bawl ahi a na chi uhhi. Leitung minam chinte tâumui sungah zong pheh lêngthei, kâu lêng, mei lêng leh huikhuo a lêngthei sil dangdangte na kigên hi.
Greekte tâumui khat ah, Lêngpa Minos in mipil
Icarus vân lâia lêng
Daedalus leh a tapa Icarus a na kimat lâi un, khuoikhep leh vamul zangin a lênna ding uh hlakui na bawl un, Daedalus pen Naple gam zuonin a na lêng hi. Hinanleh, a tapa khandawng tha-thah Icarus pen thanuom sêngsêng kisa in, a pa thuhil manglou in a lênglêng leh nipi toh kinâi mama in, a va lêngkha a, tuachiin a khuokhep hla a’ng zungmang a, a neia tuipi tungah suongtum bangin a kesuh a, a sita hi.
Pu Leonardo da Vinci lênna lim suoite
Italy mipil Pu Leonardo da Vinci in kum 1480 kum tuom hun in lênna bangchi siem ding e? chi pen na ngaituozou hi.
Lênna mesin masapen Pu Leonardo da Vinci in na ngaituo hi. Kum 1485-1500 tuom in Leonardo da Vinci in mihing lêntheina ding lênna mesin(machine) ‘Ornithopter’ kichi khat a na suoidoh(design) hi. Tuami lênna pen hlaninei mesin ahia, mihing thaneina a, a hlani zap kawm a, lêngthei díngin a na suoidoh hi. Kumzalom 19th hun in, lênna siemmasate(pioneers of avitation) Leonardo lâibu na en kia in, tulâi a helicopterte guong(prototype) pen tammi mesin suoi(design) zuiin a na kisiemkhie uhhi.
Leonardi Da Vinci Da Vinci's design for a wing, c. 1488 Da Vinci helicopter prototype
Man in the Moon(Hlapi sunga mipa)
Pu Domingo Gonzales – The Man in the Moon(England)
England mipil Pu Domingo Gonzales kum 1638 in ‘The Man in the Moon’ Zohâm in Hlapi sunga mipa kichi tângthu khat a na gielkhie hi. Tuami lâibu sungah mipa kat in kângvate hlapi sunga lêngtou dingin a na kizilsah hi. Vâte lêndân, ngate lâmdân entou in mihingte’n hui a lên ding dân a na tuot uhhi.
Hui sânga zângzaw lênna(Lighter - than - air – craft) Italy
Kum 1670 in Italy mipil Francesco de Lana-Terzi in hui sânga zângzaw lênna a na ngaituo(propose) masapen hi. Sumsan lum li sung hui hing pawtdoh in tuami lênna a dopkângthei ding dân in a na tuot hi.
Francesco de Lana-Terzi's hui sânga zângzaw lênna
Montgolfier Balloon (France)
Kum 1783 kum in Joseph Michel leh Jacques Etienne Montgolfier unâu ni in hot air balloon (huisa balun) a na siemdoh uhhi. Meikhu zangin, nâipuon bawm(silk bag) sungah huisa a lutsah uhhi. Tuami nâipuon bawm pen toutheina lawbawm(basket) toh a kikhitha hi. Huisa in a’ng dim chiengin tua ballon pen a lêngtou thei zêl hi. Tuami balloon sungah belam khat, vatawt khat leh âhtal khat a tou a, mêl khat vâl a lêng a, feet 6000 tan sângin a lêngtou hi. Paris khopi ah, November ni 21 ni, kum 1783 in Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier leh Marquis d’Arlandes leitung pumpi a, balloon tunga lêng masapente a suoh uhhi.
1799-1850 - George Cayley Lênna masa; Gliders(Lênnate)
England mipil Pu George Cayley (1799-1850) pen lênna toh kisai pilna; aerodynamics pa chipen ‘Huikhuo tunga lêntheina leh zintheina Pa’(father of aerial navigation) kichi ahi. Ama’n lênna hla siemdân toh kisai in, sil tampi a na mukhie a, a na bawlkhie hi. A dopkângdân(lift), a khâmna(drag), a mei(tail), a hêhna(rudder), toukâ leh suhkum dânte leh adangdangte a na suidoh hi. Lênna tûhtâhdân(control) zong a na suikhie hi.
Kum 1799 kum in hla nei, mei nei, taisahna nei(propulsion), a lâi(fuselage) nei; vânlêng masapen a na suoidoh(design) hi. Kum 1804 kum in lâilêng sûn vânlêng lim khat lawchingtahin na lêngsah hi. Tulâi hun a vânlêng pen tuami guong(configuration) kisûn ahi. Ama’n lênna masapen; Cayley Glider(Cayley Lênna) kichi mesin khat a na siemdoh hi. Tuami Glider ah nâupang khangdawn khat a na lêngsah hi. Kum 50 sung tuami Glider(lênna) a na siempha toutou a, lênna a lên chienga a detna (stability) leh a tanna(balance, equilibrium) dingin a mei(tail) a siem hi. A hla tunga hui a luon na dingin a hla a na siempha hi.
Cayley lênna
Glider thaneina kibelap theina dingin, a glider pen hlakui ni(biplane) nei in a siemtha kia hi. Hun sawtpi huikhuo a lêntheina dingin mesin thaneina poimaw ding hi, chi pen a na theidoh hi.
"On Ariel Navigation" thusuo tungah George Cayley in mihing lênthei dân dingte hichi in a na giel hi. “Lênna hla dettah zangin mesin thaneina toh, a tudet dingin leh a panpi dingin a mei(tail) tamteng in mihing a lêngsah thei ding hi”
Part 2: Kumzalom 19 leh 20 kâl sunga mihing lênsawmna thute
Kum 1891 kum in German engineer, Otto Lilienthal in gamlapi tan a, mihing lêntheina glider(lênna) khat a na siemkhie hi. Vâte lênnop dânte a mu, a kuon in, mihing lênthei ding dân tuot in vâte lêndân hâtangtahin a na zil hi. Kum 1889 kum in aerodynamics lâibu khat a na suodoh(publish) hi. Tami lâibu sunga kigiel lênna lam a pilna thusimte zangin Wright Brothers(Unâute ) tegêl in lênna masapen a na siemdoh uhhi. Tuami lênna tunga, 2500 vâl a lên zaw in, kum 1896, August ni 9 in tua lênna a a lên lâitahin, khopihui huoisie mama khat thakhat in a’ng lâng phut a, tua glider(lênna) pen tuoltang dênna’n a na nei a, tuami tuosietna ah Otto Lilienthal na muolliemta hi.
1891 Samuel Langley; Director, Smithsonian Institute,Washington, DC.
Samuel Langley kichipa pen ahsisuisiem leh mipil khat a na hihi. Ama’n tuisahu thaneina pie inzin/mesin aerodrome kichi vânlêng lim khat a na siemkhie hi. Kum 1891 kum in mêl kimkhat vâl a lên zaw in, thautui bei ziehin a kie hi.
Aerodrome; vânlêng tahtah siemna dingin dollar 50,0000 a nga a, a’ng siem zaw bepin a lênsah sawm leh, tuami vânlêng pen a gih sêngsêng ziehin a kesuh a, a tuohseta hi. Tua zawin, ama pen a lungkiehna toh kidim in lênna lam kichi mawngmawng a tawpsanta hi.
Langley Aerodrome Lim
Kum 1894 tuom in, Engineer lawchingtah Octave Chanute khu vânlêng siemdoh dingin a na kipan hi. Lênna lam toh kisai a, Otto Lilienthal in a na sepkhiette a’ng sim zaw a, kuon in, vânlêng siemdoh dingin tha leh zung tampi a na sêng a, tualeh a na kipumpieh hi.
Hlakui ni nei (biplane) Herring kichi lênna khat a na suoidoh hi. Lênna lam a khantounate toh kisai thute ‘Progress in Flying Machine’ kichi lâibu khat ah a na suo hi. Wright Unâute’n tami lâibu en kawm in, etkhietnate(experiments) a na nei let uhhi. Chanute leh tua unâute gel pen a na kikumtuo let uh, ahi.
UNITED STATES(AMERICA) GAM LÊNNA A NA KHANLETDÂN
Kum 1903: Lênna masapen: Wright Unâute
Orville Wright leh Wilbur Wright Unâute gêl in vânlâi zawl a, lên têitêi ding a na sawm tinten u’a, mihing lênna ding hui sânga gihzaw vânlêng khat siemkhiet ding a na tum tinten uhhi. Lênna lam a mipilna na kimukhe masateng a na sim u’a, tuachiin lênna etkhietna tamtah a na bawl uhhi.
Wind tunnel(Huihawm) sungah a hla lim leh a mei lim te a na enkhie let uhhi. Tuachia,North Carolina Outer Bank dunes mun ah, etkhietnate tampi nei zou in, lênna guong(glider shape/design) kituptah a mukhie u’a, tuazaw in, lênna taisah leh dopkângtou ding 12 H.P inzin a zang uhhi.
Wright brothers te’n tuol patsa’n Big Kill Devil Hill sahlam ah, zîngmawng nai 10:35, December ni 17, kum 1903 kum in a ‘vânlêng’ pound 650 a gih pen Orville in a hawl a, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina sehnêl muol tungah liveitah a lêngsah hi .Ohio patsa’n tuami vânlêng a na lêngkhie hi. Tuami vânlêng min pen The Flyer na kichi hi. Hui sânga gihzaw lênna(flight) pen seken 12 sungin feet 120 a lêngdoh hi. Tuachiin, Orville pen leitung pumpi a vânlêng hawl masapen a kichi hi. Kum 1903 kum in, leitung mihing pen vânlâi ah na lêngthei hi. Tuami lênna pen hoizaw leh lên siemzaw dingin a lim a guong a hleng toutou u’a, tuachiin October hla kum 1905 in minit 38 vingveng vânlâi ah a lêngsah u’a, mêl 24 gamla a lêngdoh hi. Tuami mesin lêngthei pen USA kumpi kunga a thumvei tah a zua sawm vangun a na ki-opsawn zel uhhi. Europe gam ah a va zuata uh leh zong a lawching tuon sih uhhi.
UNITED STATES(AMERICA) GAM LÊNNA A NA KHANLETDÂN2
February hla kum 1908 in US War Department Wright unâute ngetna toh kizuiin gâldouna zah dingin lênna siem uh heh chiin a na kithukimta uhhi. Kum 1905 kum tawp lam apatsa kum 1908 kipat lam tan; kum 2ni leh a kim, sungteng in tuami lênna lam a mite a’ng lunglut theikhah leh chiin a na tangkou u’a, hinanleh, a na lawsam uhhi. Europe gam ah Wilbur zin a, a lênna siemdoh Flyer lênna lah in a khuol a zin kawikawi hi. Mite’n lamdang a na sa uhhi.
US Army te zah ding lênna bawl in Orville pen Europe gam zinthei louin America gam ah a na om a, September hla ni 2 kum 1908 kum in a lênna siem lahna Fort Myer, Virginia mun ah a na nei hi. Tuana kuon in, US Army dingin gâldouna zah ding lênna a na siem masa hi.
Tuachia a dinmun op laitahin, mun dang khat ah, lênna lang a, lunglut mama Glen Curtiss leh Alexander Graham Bell(telephone siemdohpa) tegel in Aerial Experiment Association kichi pawl tha khat kum 1907 kum in a na phutkhie uhhi. Tami pawl in lênna tampi khat a na khêng uhhi. Tuate lah a minthang pen khat ahileh; June Bug kichi lênna min nei ahi.
CurtissJuly hla ni 4 ni kum 1908 kum in Curtiss in lênna khat mêl khat vâl New York khopi ah mipite muthei dingin a na lêngsah hi. Tuipi tung a lênna tuithei, lêngthei siemna pilna lamsang ah, America mipil Glen Curtiss min a thangpen hi. Ama’n tui tunga tuthei, tu tung patsa lêngkhethei tuilênna kum 1911 in a siemdoh hi.
Kum 1911 kum in, Calbraith P. Rodgers in Vin Fiz Flyer kichi lênna hawl(pilot) in, United States gam huop in, New York patsa’n Pasadena, California gam tandong, leitung pumpi simthei dingin, Transcontinental Flight masapen na nei hi. Tuami lên sung pen ni 49 a lut a, mun 69 ah a na khawldam a, mêl 3220 gamla tan a na lêngdoh hi.
Harriet Quimby America gam a numei lah a pilot certificat nga masapen ahi.
EUROPE GAM A LÊNNA A NA KHANLETDÂN
1906: Europe gam ah, kum 1906 in, Alberto Santos-Dumont in mesin thaneina toh lêngthei vânlêng, October ni 23 niin a na lêngsah masapen hi.Europe gam a thuthang pote leh thusuo gielte’n tuami lênna lêndoh pen a na mêlchi u’a, mite’n kidang a na sa uhhi.
1907-1909: Bleriot XI Monoplane (France)
Kum 1907 in Louis Bleriot in monoplane lênna na lêngsah masapen hi.
Kum 1909 kum pen lênna pienkhiet pansa leitung pumpi a ding kum thupi mama khat ahi. Bang zieh ahiei? i chi leh, akhatna ah, tuami kum in Louis Bleroit in monoplane ‘XI’ lênna toh English Channel a na kântan zou hi. Tuami hun apatin vânlêng manphatdân Frenchte leh Britishte’n a’ng theikhie uhhi. Anina ah, tuami kum ma-in lênna toh kisai in leitung pumpi kimutuona ‘The first International Air Meet’ kichi France gam Reims khopi ah a na om hi. Europe gam leh America gam a, lênna na siem masate pawlkhatte a va tel uhhi. Wright unâute tuami kimutuona ah a tel sih uhhi. Tuami kimutuona ah lênna 40 vâl a zao hi. Europe gamkaiteng in lênna pen thupi tahin khawl lien zangin na siem panta uhhi. Ahi’nlah, lênna pienna gam; US ah, khut leh bântha zangin lênnate a na kisiem nalâi uhhi.
Bleriot XI
La France Huikuong(France)
Dei banga kiheithei huikuong ‘airship’ masapen ‘La France’ kichi pen Renard leh Krebs in kum 1884 in a na khêng uhhi. A suadân 14 1/2 mph ahi giap hi.
La France Huikuong
Graf Zeppelin Huikuong Airship(Germany)
Germany gam a kisiemkhie; huikuong lawching pen khat ahileh; Graf Zeppelin a kichi a, tua pen Zeppelin Company in a na siemkhiet ahi. Tua company in, kum 1900 leh 1936 kikâl sungin huikuong chi tuomtuom nempi a na bawlkhie hi. Khuolzinna lam a, gamlapi mun dong mite polele thei vânlêng a na kisiemkhieh masang peh in, Zeppelin company in, America gam tungthei huikuong a na bawl a, September hla kum1928 in Atlantic tuikângpi tungah na lêng hi. Tua huikuongte zangin Europe gam, America gam sahlam leh simlam tan chieng dongin mite puo in huikuong 1928 apatin 1938 tandong a na lêngsah hi.
1910: Tuilênna masa ‘First Seaplane - Henri Fabre (France)
March 28, Kum 1910, March ni 28 ni’a tuilênna Hydravion kichi Martigues, France gam a, na lêng masapen ahileh French mipil Henri Fabre in a na siemdoh ahi.
Fabre's Hydravion called "Le Canard"
Vickers Gunbus (England)
Kum 1914 tan in lênna pen gam vânna chilou gâldouna in na kizang pha nai sih hi.
Tuitaw gâl(WWI) a’ng khanlet dungzuiin vânlêngte thâute, bomte leh bomlêngte toh a’ng kithuota hi. England gam ah mihing 250,000 te’n gâldouna díngin na na sêm in, kum khat sungin vânlêng 30,000 vâl a na kisiemkhie uhhi.
Vickers Gunbus
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