ZOKAM [ZOHAM]September 14, 2007 at 4:36 pm · Filed under Zoham, Zokam
[Kawlgam ah Zo akichi a, India gam ah Zou chi'n akithei hi. Tagel pen akibang veve in ngaisun phot tadi va ui]
AD 850 kiim in ‘ZOHAM’ kizang jo hi. Kawlgam sunga minamte toh kisai akantel ahi, Professor G.H. Luce in, ‘Tibeto-Burman i ci vangin ataang zah uh kamham (common language) pen Chin, Kachin khatzawh ahisihleh tuagel kigawm hithei ding hi.” ci’n ana gen ngai hi. Atheihuoi thu panin Chin akicite sungah Kachinte toh kamham akitamsut (akibangtam) penpen ‘Zo’ te i hihi. Mellesa, kamham omzie a kipan Chin le Kachin uta i hi tahpi leh akikal a kizopna (link) anai penpen Zote ihi thei ding hi. Zote i tangthu, i ngaina i kamhamte kantel leih AD 850 kiim in Zoham kizang jo hi cithu kimuthei hi.
ZOHÂM LEH HÂM DANGTE:
Zo, Meitei, Lushei/Mizo, Thado-Kuki, Tedim-Chin hâmte sunga thuteng kibangte: Zohâm pên Tibeto-Burman hâmpawlte laha khat ahi. Tibeto-Burman laha zong Kuki-Chin hâmpawl (group of language) ahi sawn hi. Tuate laha apat Northern Chin hâmpawl in akisimsuhkia hi.
Tam hâmte khu atangpiin, ophawi/okaidan (phonetics) zui ngen ahi sim u’a tuachiin kamsuisiemite’n (linguists) Tonal Language [osuokam] chiin athei uhhi. Zoham in okaihâm ahilouleh osuohâm kichi ahi. Tuamabangin Zohâm zong ophawi/okaidân toh kizawitawn ngitnget ahijiehin Tonal language ahi.
Kamsuisiemte’n hâm tuomtuomte; Zohâm, Thadou hâm, Lushei hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm, Simte hâm, Meitei hâm leh adgdgte pên hâmbulpi khat apata hing piengkhie leh lêngkhie ahi achi uhhi.
Meitei hâm leh Lushei hâm, Thado-Kuki hâm, Tedim-Chin hâm, Paite hâm enlei Zohâm sunga thutengte toh kibangchet thutengte tampi a um veve hi.
ZOHÂM KIHENDÂN
Hâm khat poupou khu ahun dungjuiin akihengthei let a, tualeh akhanglien thei hi.Hâm khat kihendân leh khanletdân tana anei ate jieh ahi:
(a). Tênna leh tawndân apata Hâm kihendân
Thuteng kikhêldân leh Akihengte: Hâm hasa apatin hâm bailam ah akiheng zêl hi. Hâm khat sunga athutengte khu abailamlam in akiheng zêl hi. Ahasa apatin abailam manaw in hâm akiheng zêl a, tuachiin asawt chiengin hâm tuomdeu khat ahing suohthei zel hi. Hâm kichi khu mihing pawl khat hing pienkhietdân tângthu leh tawndân chite dungjuia hing piengkhie ahi hi. Hâm kibang mihing pawl ahing kikhenkhah chiengun mun tuomtuom ah ahing têngta u’a, hunsawtpi ahing kivei chiengin akamtengte, athutengte, akammalte uh pawlkhat ahilouleh anempi ahing kiheng zêl hi. Tuachi dânin hâm tuomdeu khat hing pieng thei let ahi. Akhangkhang in hâm pên akiheng leh akikhêl let ahi. Kammal (syllable) pawlkhat ateng khat kipâi, ateng khat kihleng, kizeplut, ateng khat kibelap ahilouleh ateng ni kipâidoh chite ana um let a, tu’n zong a um nalâi dîng hi. Tabanga thuteng kihengte khu Akihengte/akihlengte akichi hi. Mangkam in lnflections kichi ahi.
Etsahna in. Thuteng suoh ah laiteng ‘h’ akipai a ’suo’ asuoh hi, suoh–> suo; thuteng ’suh’ ah laiteng ‘h’ khu ‘k’ in akiheng a ’suk’ asuoh hi, suh–> suk; thuteng ‘uh’ ah laiteng ‘v’ kibelap ‘vuh’ asuoh hi, uh–> vuh; thuteng ‘hing’ ah laiteng ‘g’ akipai a ‘hin’ asuoh hi, hing–> hin; ka kan dîng–> ka kang dîng, kan bân ah laiteng ‘g’ kibelap a kan–> kang dîng; asuoh hi.
Zo hâm sungah ‘Akihlengte’ nempi akijang nalâi hi. Simte hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte tampi akijangta sih hi.
Etsahna; Zo hâm a; nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ apata minlawna akisiem chiengin ‘g’ akipaikhie a ‘na’ ahisihleh ‘dan’ khu atawpna ah akikoi a, tuachiin minlawna ‘panna’, ‘pandân’ ahing suoh hi. Simte hâm sungah ‘g’ akipâidoh sih a, nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ ma akizang a minlawna [noun] akisiem chiengin ‘pangna’ pangdân ma in akizang hi. Tabangin, Simte hâm thuteng tampite in kihenna anei sih uhhi.
Etsahna in Simte ham a thuteng kihengloute pawlkhat tam anei bang ahi:
Simte hâm – kangna, tungna, lengna, sangna, hongna, mangna leh adangdang (adgdg). Tam atunga thutengte Zo hâm in anei a bangin akiheng zêl uhhi: Kanna, tuna, lenna, sanna, honna leh adangdang Zo ham apata Simte hâm thuteng suohdoh leh kiheng pawlkhatte: hing–>hung; ka’ng–>ku’ng; vang–>ning;mah–>maw;sihva–>si; vai–>ni, uh amah–>uvam; uoi–>viei leh adgdgte tampi a um nalai hi.
Akihengte atam jiehin Zokam [Zohâm] hasa mama akisa chiet hi. Lushei hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte atawm mama hi. Tuajiehin tam hâmte pên Zohâm sângin atheinop leh atheibaijaw hi. Tawndânte pên abailam apatin ahasa lam ah aluttoutou zêl hi. Ahivangin, hâm pên ahasa apatin abailam lam anawtjaw hi. Hâm pawlkhat sungah thuteng akihen chiengin akibang in akibânhen let uhhi. Zohâm sungah tunai apeisa kum 30-40 sung maimai in zong akihengte tampi apiengkheta hi.
Etsahna in: tanah—>hiah; khunah—>huah; tam—>hi; tami—>himi; uh—>vuh; hing—>ang; hang—>hing; ing—>ung; kung—>kang; ku’ng—>k’ang; nung—>nang; amah—>amaw; izaw (izo)—>i leh adgdgte ahi. Lushei hâm, Sizang hâm, Tedim hâm, Simte hâm, Paite hâm chite lah ah Zohâm thuteng tampite ana kizeplut hi. Tuamabangin Zohâm sungah zong hâm tuomtuomte thutengte ahing kizeplut thei zêl hi.
Kum tampi apata mihing pawlte ana kijopkhawm tâhlou jiehin ham tuomtuom dânin ana kingaituo leng hi.
(b). Lâigieldân ziehin hâm akihengthei hi.
Tualâi hun in, Lâigieldân jiehin thutengte/kamtengte zong akiheng lamdang deudeuta hi. Tuni dongin, Mikâng missionaryte lâigieldân ahingpieh pên uh ‘I sumkuon chiengpê nalai u’a’ tualeh i pomkip jiehun tuniin i thutengte uh tampi akiheng sieng gawpta hi. I chisa mabang un Zohâm pên osuohâm ahi hi. I kam u’a, i ginsah uh atuomdeu a, i khut a i gieldoh uh, atuomdeu in akilangta hi. I kam a, i lawdoh (gêndoh) thuteng/kamteng ging leh i khut u’a, i gielkhiet uh thuteng tampi akibangta sih hi.
Zohâm a kammal ‘uo’ pen Tedim hâm in kammal ‘ua’ dânin akijang hi. Tuachiin zong kammal ‘uoh’ pên Tedim hâm in kammal ‘uak’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a ’suoh’ thuteng khu Tedim/Paite hâm in ’suak’ dânin ana kigingsah a, Lushei hâm in ‘chhuak’ in akigiel a, Hmar hâm in ‘chhuok’ chi’n akigiel a, tualeh akilou zêl hi. Tuachiin, Zohâm apata–>Tedim hâm a, thutengte kihendân tambang ahi;
Huo–>hua, zuopa–>zuapa, suoh–>suak, tuoh–>tuak, thuoh–>thuak, puoh–>puak, kuom>kuam, nuom–>nuam, luong–>luang, suong–>suang, tuol–>tual, muon–>muan, suo–>suan, tuon–>tuan, kuong–>kuang, puong–>puang leh adgdgte asuoh hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ” ch” pên Tedim hâm in ‘c’ ahia, ch–>c. Hinanleh Kawlgam Zote’n ‘c’ ma azang denta uhhi. Zohâm a kammal ‘ie’ pên Tedim/Paite hâm in kammal ‘ia’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a thuteng ‘lien’ khu Tedim/Paite/Simte hâm in ‘lian’ chiin akigiel a,’li+an’ chiin akigingsah hi.
Etsahna in; Upa khat in thuteng khat; ‘chieng’ achi chiengin ‘chi’+eng’ ma in a ophawi agingsah nalâilâi hi. Ahivangin, agiel chiengin ‘chiang’ chi in agiellet hi. Tami in ‘chi+ang’ chi in ophawi agingsah hi. Tuachiin sangnaupangte’n sanglai sungah ahing zil chiengun ‘chieng’ chia lam ding hinapi’n akawilam in ‘chiang’ chiin asimsah u’a tuachiin, a’ng hâm chiengun ‘chi+ang’ chiin alouta (gingsah) let uhhi. Tachibangin, thuteng/kamteng tampi lâigieldân jiehin akilheng lamdanga, Zohâm ophawi gil nempite ana kilheng siengta hi. Tabanga, thuteng kiheng lamdangte enta lei khun; Simte hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah atam dieh hi. Simte hâm sungah Zohâm apata akila thuteng kitheichien khat ahileh ‘diei’ ahi, tami ‘di+ei’ ophawi a, ging pên khu ‘diai’ chiin akigiel a, tuachiin akilaw chiengin ‘di+ai’ chiin akigingsah a, akilou let hi.
Tuachiin, Zohâm a thutengte ‘chie, chien, chieng, chiet, kie, khie, lie, lien, lieng, nien, nieng, phiengsan, pien, pieng, sie, sien, sieng, siel, siem, siet, sietna chite khu.
Paite hâm leh Simte hâm in ‘chia, chian, chiang, chiat, kia, khia, lia, lian, liang, nian, niang, phiangsan, pian, piang, sia, sian, siang, sial, siam, siat, siatna asuoh a,
Tedim hâm in ‘cia, cian, ciang, ciat, kia, khia, lia, lian, liang, nian, niang, phiangsan, pian, piang, sia, sian, siang, sial, siam, siat, siatna chite asuoh kia leuleu hi.
Thado-Kuki hâm in ‘tia, chên, têng, chet, khe, khe, le, lên, lêng, nên, nêng, pên, pêng, se, thên, thêng, sel, thêm, set, setna asuoh uhhi.
Zo tehsete toh ka kihoulim chiengin a osuo/ophawidân hoitahin ka ngaichien zêl hi. Atangpiin têhsete osuo/ophawidân (phonetics) apatin ‘ua’ leh ‘ia’ sângin ‘uo’ leh ‘ie’ gindân apawtjaw leh aluongjaw in ka theithei hi. Zohâm a sie pên Tedim hâm in sia chiin akigiel a, Zo ham a sietna–>Tedim hâm in siatna chiin akigiel a, Zohâm a sieng–>Tedim hâm in siang chiin akigiel a, Zohâm a seta->Tedim hâm in siata chiin akigiel a, pie–>pia chiin akigiel a, peta–>piata chiin in akigiel a, peding–>piading chi in akigiel a akilou a, kigingsah uhhi. Zoham a ‘pia’ khu Mangkam in letdoh leh ‘move’ china ahibou hi. Tam pên lâigieldân maimai jieha, thuteng tuomdân hing suoh ahibou a, tualeh akibanglou dânin a’ng kigêlta hi. Tambang thuteng pienkhietna pên lâigieldân jieh maimai ahibou a, tuachiin kum tampi jouin atuom dânin ahing kipomdohta hi.
(c). Kum sawtpi kidaitha, kikhenna, kichimatlouna jiehin hâm kihengthei tualeh atuomdeu piengthei hi. Mihing pawl kibahpite toh kichimatlouna jieh, kidâithana jieh, tênna munte kibahtâhlou zieh, tênna gamlât jieh, mun leh muol opdân kibahlou jieh, ahilouleh midangte toh kichimattuona jiehin zong hâm adanglamthei mawh hi. Kihoutuona leh kikhenna asawttâh ziehin kumtampi kikamtuo nawlouta ziehin hâmtuom ahing lêngkhethei hi.
Mexico gam a Spanish khotaneu khat sunga amite hâm khu Latin toh akibang sim nalâi a, ahivangin Latin hâm tahtah lah hituonlou, nanleh Latin thuteng tampi amaute hâm sung ah azeplut u’a azang nalâi uhhi. Kum sawtpi mihing apawl kibahpite toh akichimattuo tâhlou ziehun amaute lahah hâmtuom khat apieng a, tuachiin hâmdang khat nei asuoh uhhi. Hinanleh, amaute hâm sungah Latin thuteng lui tampi atel veve hi.
Zo hâm sunga thutengte tam, tami, tanah khu hi, himi, hiai, hiah, chite khu kum 300-500 (zathum-zanga) masang tuom a ana kiheng hidînga gintâthuoi ahi. Tuachiin; hang khu–>an, hing, hong, hung, a ana kiheng hidîng dâna gintât ahi. Thuteng hang sunga h leh g lâitengte akipaikhiet leh ‘an’ suoh hi. Tami thuteng ‘an’ pên Lushei hâm thuteng ahia, tapên hang, hing, hong, hung china toh kibang veve dân a kisimthei ahi hi. Zo hâm sunga thuteng ’sih’ khu hih, suh, kei a ana kiheng hidînga gintathuoi ahi. Zohâm a lâiteng ’s’ ahilouleh ‘t’ khu ana kihengkha a, Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘chh’ in gindân in ana kigingsahta hi. Tuachiin, ’suoh’ khu ‘chhuok [chhuak]‘ asuohta a, ‘tou’ pên chho [chhou] asuohta hi.
Zohâm sunga lâiteng ‘g’ khu Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘r’ gindân in ana kigingsah hi. Tuachiin thuteng ‘gou [go]‘ chipên ‘rou [ro] chiin akigingsah hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ’s’ ’sh’ gindân khu Lushei/Hmar hâm ah ‘th’ gindan in akigingsahta a, tuachiin thuteng ’sing’ khu ‘thing’ asuohta hi. Tabangma in Zohâm a lâitengte ’s, sh’ khu Thadou-Kuki hâm in ‘th’ ahilouleh ‘h’ gindânin akigingsah a, tuachiin ’sing’ khu ‘thing’ chiin akilou a; tualeh ’sih’ khu ‘hih’ chiin zong akigingsah hi. Lushei hâm leh Tedim hâm, Simte hâm, Paite hâm sungah thuteng tawpna lamah nâhkuogin ‘h’ khu akihâman mama hi. Zohâm a tha (new) khu Simte/Thadou hâm in ‘thah’ chiin akigiel a, tualeh akilou a, Hmar leh Lushei ham sungah ‘thar’ chi’n akigiel a akilou let hi. Tuachiin Zo hâm a thuteng dei –>khu Tedim/Paite /Simte hâm in deih asuoh a, kai–>kaih asuoh a,dai–>daih asuoh a,thei–>theih asuoh a,ngil–>ngilh asuoh a,hil–>hilh asuoh a,mama–>mahmah asuoh a,ngai–>ngaih asuoh a, tualeh leh adgdgte zong a om hi. Tualeh, Zohâm a thutengte; ‘mun, ngal, mal, ngil’ chite khu Lushei hâm in’hmun, nghal, hmar, nghil’ asuohhi. Going (vowel) ‘i’ khu oging ‘u’ in akihengtuo uhhi. Tuachiin, Zo hâm a ’sih’ khu Lushei hâm in’suh’ asuoh hi. Tuachiin; hing–>hung a’ng suoh hi. Oging ‘a’ khu oging ‘i, o, u’ in akihengtuo u’a tuachiin; thuteng hang khu–>hing, hong, hung, suoh zel ahi. Zohâm a odâi (consonant) lâiteng ‘h’ pouma a, tawpte pên Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘k’ ah atawp zêl hi. Alelam zong ahithei veve hi. Tuachiin, mah–>mak, lah–>1ak, pah–>pak, sah–>sak, tah–>tak, suoh–>suok, tuoh–>tuok, thuoh–>thuok, puoh–>puok, suh–>suk, tuh–>tuk, thuh–>thuk asuoh hi.
Tahaw pên tênna gamlât jieh, kum tampi ana kichimattuo tâhloujieh u’a hichi banga hâm ogindân tuom hing piengdoh ahibou hi. Zohâm zang mihing pawlte lah ah zong atênna uh ana kibahtâh lou jiehun ahâmteng/kamteng/thutengte uh ana kiheng manta hi.
(d). Hâm kihen mihing ngaina Mihingte’n atênna khuo leh tui hâm azui u’a athei sawm uhhi. Tami khu mihing piendân ngaina ahi. Akhuo-leh-tuite’n apomthei nadîngin tua khomite hâmdân athaw u’a azui zêl uhhi.
Etsahna in; Zopa khat Tedim hâm ahilouleh Paite hâm ahisihleh Simte hâm na khuo khat ah vatêng taleh tua khomite pomthei nadîngin tuapa khu akhomite(amaute) hâm dândânin ahâmsawm dînga,athaw dînga tuachiin kum tampi nua chiengin khum khomite hâm azui a,tualeh apomta dînga, ama hâm apâita ding hi. Nanleh, ama hâmlui sunga thuteng tampi ahing polut dînga tuachiin hâmtha azangta dîng hi. Tua khomite hâm sunga thuteng kibelap sawn asuoh hi. Tuachiin awl-awlnou in kum tampi ahing kiveijou chiengin hâmtha khat ahing piengkheta dînga tualeh ama hâmlui toh kibang sênglou khat ahing piengkhie hi. Ahilouleh, hâmtha vilvel khat apiengkhethei hi.
Zohâm apata hâm tuomtuomte; Tedim, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Gangte, Thangkhâl, Khuongnung chite leh adg dgte hing piengkhie hiva chithu upate’n agintât uh thute agên zê uhhi. Nam khat hâm sunga thutengte akithejâh a,tuachia hâm kinâi namte pawl lah ah zah in ahing umthei hi. Theiloukâl in, mihingte’n angâisâng mihing pawlkhatte piendân hâmdân leh a tawndân uh dangdangte ana mêlchi u’a tualeh azuisawm uhhi. Thutengte pawlkhat khu akingâisângte apatin akawm zêl uhhi.
Tuachiin, Lushei hâm a thuteng kikawm khat ahileh ‘fel’ ahia, Zohâm in ‘taima’ china ahi. Tuachiin nichin hâmzah in amangta uhhi. Tuama bangin, tawmngaina, mangai, chanchin, theibufai, chawm, chang, changkang, manmaw, maw, fuh chite ahing kikawmta a, nichin âm na u’ah azang zêl ta uhhi. Tuachiin Zohâm thutengte apung sêmsêm hi.
Zohâm apatin hâm dangdangte in nal leh hoi asah uh thutengte akawm u’a amahaw’a bangin azang let uhhi. Etsahna in; sengseng, diei, dieldiel, vawi, kalaisai chite ahi.
Zohâm kizahdân Namkai, Gamkai, Khokai, Vêngkai, hâmneute (dialects) chituomtuom a um hi. Hâmzahdân chi tuomtuom a um hi. Kammal leh thuteng kibang himananleh akhietna leh akawmu tuomtuom a omthei thou hi. UK gam ah ‘Comprimise’ akijah chiengleh thuteng hoi lampang in akimang hi. Mi kingaingiem gênna in akijang let hi. Compromise chipên kilemna, kituona china in akila hi. Ahivangin,USA gam ah ‘Compromise’ thuteng akijah leh, eima mimal manna lampang akawmu leuleu hi. ‘Compromise’ thuteng khu manna, thalkiana, jawlana, supna lampang in akila hi. UK gam ah ahoi lam in akijang a, USA gam ah supna leh aselam in akijang hi. Ahivangin, azangte’n ahâmte uh akibang in asim nawn sih uhhi. Hâm jattuomdân leh kibahlouna Zo nam khat chikhat zat khat sungah zong a omthei veve hi. Khat veivei leh agamgi akitheikhen tuon sihhi. Okaidân tuomtuom a um a, tuate dungjui in hâmzahdân akitheithei pan hi. Asâng, angiem, a ul,atoukai, khiehsuh, tanggen, hâmkhau, hâmnem, chite a um guol hi. Zohâm khu osuohâm ahijiehin asaukai/saulam, atomlam/atomkai, akhiehsuh, atoukai thutengte/kamtengte aum hi. Tawndân kibang sung khat ah zong pawl khatte’n hâm tuomdeu hâmneute azang uhhi. Hâm apatin mi vêng, mi nam, mi khuo mi hina mi hing puona chite akitheithei hi.
Hâm khat sunga patin zong hâmzahdân tuomtuom leh hâmneute a um a, tuate apatin; Ama; Sugnute, Singtomte, Singngatte, Phaitute, Gamngaite, Tonzangte, Khodaite, Kanante, Anlunte, Behiengte, Hiengtamte, Khaukuolte leh adangdang, chiin akikhenthei nalâi ahi. Khuo leh khuo hâm sungah zong thutengte a unpi in akibang siengta sih hi. Khokhat sungah hâmteleu (colloquial),hâmleng(slang word), hâmsawi(pidgin),hâmneu(dialect) chite a om thei veve hi. Zo sungah zong ama Hâidawi hâm a hâm, ama Thangkhâl hâm a hâm, ama Khuongnung hâm a hâm, ama Khodâi hâm a hâm chite a omthei veve hi.
Tuachiin Lamka Zo, Gunpang Zo, Sugnu Zo, Singngat Zo,Tonjang Zo,Kawlgam Zo chite hâmpawl(dialectical group) tuomtuom umdân in akilangsah hi. Himalehzong, Zou hâm kibang tângpi khat a om a, khum thutengte’n nam khathina leh tawndânte akêmbit a, tuachiin hâmdangte’n akivaltumsah sih uhhi. Atangpiin, guollui hâm leh hâm-upa te’n hâmbul thutengte akêmbit u’a ahina uh leh atawndân uh asuhing uhhi. Atangpiin, enta lei, tunidongin Zou sungah hâm zahdân akibang diemdiem veve nalâi hi. Zolate enkia lei hâm thakhat hidân akilang sêm hi.
Zohâm zahdân tuomtuomte leh Zohâm thuteng kibanglou hinanleh akhietna kibang pawlkhat en vai: Topa, tunou, tami, tam, tan, tanah, pâh; –> Sugnu leh Gunpang suhlangte’n, hinanleh, mi pawikhattte’n ‘Mangpa, belam’ zong azang panta veve uhhi.
Mangpa, belam, hi, himi, hiah, kawt –> Singngat tangtou leh Lamka lamte’n azang uh hi.
Sugnu langte’n tami, tam, tana, tanah, izo, i, om, ahikhu, akhula chite atangpiin azang let uhhi.
Lamka lamte’n hi, hiah, huah, maw, mawleh, um, avele, ave chite azang let uha, hinanleh thu-leh-late agiel chiengun tam, tami, tana, tanah thutengte azang veve uhhi.
Sugnu langte’n ‘ei panpi in ‘ achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’m ‘hing/hung panpi in’ achi zêl uhhi.
Sugnu langte’n ‘nei kithuopi diei? achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’n ‘nang kithuopi diei? achi leng uhhi.
Kinousietnate zong aunpi in, akibang kim sihhi. Sugnu langte’n na ngap ei ? achi u’a,Lamka lamte’n: na ut maw? achi uhhi. Sugnu langte’n kikhutsa vai achi let u’a Lamka lamte’n kichibai vâi achi zêl uhhi.
Gungpang – suh in ‘dam lai maw mataw? Sugnu langte’n ‘na damdam na’i’ achi let u’a,Lamka lamte’n ‘na dam zêl maw’ ahisihleh ‘na dam zêl ei’ achi leng uhhi.. Lamka lamte’n ‘hing’ sângin ‘hung’ ahâjah jaw uhhi.
Hing leh dam thutengte kawmu akibang a lamka lamte theidan in ’shilou’ china ahi.
Etsahna in; ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun na pa ahing na’i china ahi. Sugnu langte theidanin ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun ‘Na pa ahat na’i ? china tobangin akijang hi. Tualeh natna neilou lampang toh kisai in akijang hi.
Tualeh, Zohâm a, ophawi osuote bangin hâmdangte in thutengte anei sih uhhi. Zohâm a, osiesuo agildân ahuoisietdân pên hâmdang khata osie agildân leh ahuoisietdânte akibangthei mawngmawng sih hi. Osiehâm zong agamkai, vêng, khuo kaidân dungjuiin akibangkim sih hi.
By Philip ThangLienMang
[Kawlgam ah Zo akichi a, India gam ah Zou chi'n akithei hi. Tagel pen akibang veve in ngaisun phot tadi va ui]
AD 850 kiim in ‘ZOHAM’ kizang jo hi. Kawlgam sunga minamte toh kisai akantel ahi, Professor G.H. Luce in, ‘Tibeto-Burman i ci vangin ataang zah uh kamham (common language) pen Chin, Kachin khatzawh ahisihleh tuagel kigawm hithei ding hi.” ci’n ana gen ngai hi. Atheihuoi thu panin Chin akicite sungah Kachinte toh kamham akitamsut (akibangtam) penpen ‘Zo’ te i hihi. Mellesa, kamham omzie a kipan Chin le Kachin uta i hi tahpi leh akikal a kizopna (link) anai penpen Zote ihi thei ding hi. Zote i tangthu, i ngaina i kamhamte kantel leih AD 850 kiim in Zoham kizang jo hi cithu kimuthei hi.
ZOHÂM LEH HÂM DANGTE:
Zo, Meitei, Lushei/Mizo, Thado-Kuki, Tedim-Chin hâmte sunga thuteng kibangte: Zohâm pên Tibeto-Burman hâmpawlte laha khat ahi. Tibeto-Burman laha zong Kuki-Chin hâmpawl (group of language) ahi sawn hi. Tuate laha apat Northern Chin hâmpawl in akisimsuhkia hi.
Tam hâmte khu atangpiin, ophawi/okaidan (phonetics) zui ngen ahi sim u’a tuachiin kamsuisiemite’n (linguists) Tonal Language [osuokam] chiin athei uhhi. Zoham in okaihâm ahilouleh osuohâm kichi ahi. Tuamabangin Zohâm zong ophawi/okaidân toh kizawitawn ngitnget ahijiehin Tonal language ahi.
Kamsuisiemte’n hâm tuomtuomte; Zohâm, Thadou hâm, Lushei hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm, Simte hâm, Meitei hâm leh adgdgte pên hâmbulpi khat apata hing piengkhie leh lêngkhie ahi achi uhhi.
Meitei hâm leh Lushei hâm, Thado-Kuki hâm, Tedim-Chin hâm, Paite hâm enlei Zohâm sunga thutengte toh kibangchet thutengte tampi a um veve hi.
ZOHÂM KIHENDÂN
Hâm khat poupou khu ahun dungjuiin akihengthei let a, tualeh akhanglien thei hi.Hâm khat kihendân leh khanletdân tana anei ate jieh ahi:
(a). Tênna leh tawndân apata Hâm kihendân
Thuteng kikhêldân leh Akihengte: Hâm hasa apatin hâm bailam ah akiheng zêl hi. Hâm khat sunga athutengte khu abailamlam in akiheng zêl hi. Ahasa apatin abailam manaw in hâm akiheng zêl a, tuachiin asawt chiengin hâm tuomdeu khat ahing suohthei zel hi. Hâm kichi khu mihing pawl khat hing pienkhietdân tângthu leh tawndân chite dungjuia hing piengkhie ahi hi. Hâm kibang mihing pawl ahing kikhenkhah chiengun mun tuomtuom ah ahing têngta u’a, hunsawtpi ahing kivei chiengin akamtengte, athutengte, akammalte uh pawlkhat ahilouleh anempi ahing kiheng zêl hi. Tuachi dânin hâm tuomdeu khat hing pieng thei let ahi. Akhangkhang in hâm pên akiheng leh akikhêl let ahi. Kammal (syllable) pawlkhat ateng khat kipâi, ateng khat kihleng, kizeplut, ateng khat kibelap ahilouleh ateng ni kipâidoh chite ana um let a, tu’n zong a um nalâi dîng hi. Tabanga thuteng kihengte khu Akihengte/akihlengte akichi hi. Mangkam in lnflections kichi ahi.
Etsahna in. Thuteng suoh ah laiteng ‘h’ akipai a ’suo’ asuoh hi, suoh–> suo; thuteng ’suh’ ah laiteng ‘h’ khu ‘k’ in akiheng a ’suk’ asuoh hi, suh–> suk; thuteng ‘uh’ ah laiteng ‘v’ kibelap ‘vuh’ asuoh hi, uh–> vuh; thuteng ‘hing’ ah laiteng ‘g’ akipai a ‘hin’ asuoh hi, hing–> hin; ka kan dîng–> ka kang dîng, kan bân ah laiteng ‘g’ kibelap a kan–> kang dîng; asuoh hi.
Zo hâm sungah ‘Akihlengte’ nempi akijang nalâi hi. Simte hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte tampi akijangta sih hi.
Etsahna; Zo hâm a; nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ apata minlawna akisiem chiengin ‘g’ akipaikhie a ‘na’ ahisihleh ‘dan’ khu atawpna ah akikoi a, tuachiin minlawna ‘panna’, ‘pandân’ ahing suoh hi. Simte hâm sungah ‘g’ akipâidoh sih a, nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ ma akizang a minlawna [noun] akisiem chiengin ‘pangna’ pangdân ma in akizang hi. Tabangin, Simte hâm thuteng tampite in kihenna anei sih uhhi.
Etsahna in Simte ham a thuteng kihengloute pawlkhat tam anei bang ahi:
Simte hâm – kangna, tungna, lengna, sangna, hongna, mangna leh adangdang (adgdg). Tam atunga thutengte Zo hâm in anei a bangin akiheng zêl uhhi: Kanna, tuna, lenna, sanna, honna leh adangdang Zo ham apata Simte hâm thuteng suohdoh leh kiheng pawlkhatte: hing–>hung; ka’ng–>ku’ng; vang–>ning;mah–>maw;sihva–>si; vai–>ni, uh amah–>uvam; uoi–>viei leh adgdgte tampi a um nalai hi.
Akihengte atam jiehin Zokam [Zohâm] hasa mama akisa chiet hi. Lushei hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte atawm mama hi. Tuajiehin tam hâmte pên Zohâm sângin atheinop leh atheibaijaw hi. Tawndânte pên abailam apatin ahasa lam ah aluttoutou zêl hi. Ahivangin, hâm pên ahasa apatin abailam lam anawtjaw hi. Hâm pawlkhat sungah thuteng akihen chiengin akibang in akibânhen let uhhi. Zohâm sungah tunai apeisa kum 30-40 sung maimai in zong akihengte tampi apiengkheta hi.
Etsahna in: tanah—>hiah; khunah—>huah; tam—>hi; tami—>himi; uh—>vuh; hing—>ang; hang—>hing; ing—>ung; kung—>kang; ku’ng—>k’ang; nung—>nang; amah—>amaw; izaw (izo)—>i leh adgdgte ahi. Lushei hâm, Sizang hâm, Tedim hâm, Simte hâm, Paite hâm chite lah ah Zohâm thuteng tampite ana kizeplut hi. Tuamabangin Zohâm sungah zong hâm tuomtuomte thutengte ahing kizeplut thei zêl hi.
Kum tampi apata mihing pawlte ana kijopkhawm tâhlou jiehin ham tuomtuom dânin ana kingaituo leng hi.
(b). Lâigieldân ziehin hâm akihengthei hi.
Tualâi hun in, Lâigieldân jiehin thutengte/kamtengte zong akiheng lamdang deudeuta hi. Tuni dongin, Mikâng missionaryte lâigieldân ahingpieh pên uh ‘I sumkuon chiengpê nalai u’a’ tualeh i pomkip jiehun tuniin i thutengte uh tampi akiheng sieng gawpta hi. I chisa mabang un Zohâm pên osuohâm ahi hi. I kam u’a, i ginsah uh atuomdeu a, i khut a i gieldoh uh, atuomdeu in akilangta hi. I kam a, i lawdoh (gêndoh) thuteng/kamteng ging leh i khut u’a, i gielkhiet uh thuteng tampi akibangta sih hi.
Zohâm a kammal ‘uo’ pen Tedim hâm in kammal ‘ua’ dânin akijang hi. Tuachiin zong kammal ‘uoh’ pên Tedim hâm in kammal ‘uak’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a ’suoh’ thuteng khu Tedim/Paite hâm in ’suak’ dânin ana kigingsah a, Lushei hâm in ‘chhuak’ in akigiel a, Hmar hâm in ‘chhuok’ chi’n akigiel a, tualeh akilou zêl hi. Tuachiin, Zohâm apata–>Tedim hâm a, thutengte kihendân tambang ahi;
Huo–>hua, zuopa–>zuapa, suoh–>suak, tuoh–>tuak, thuoh–>thuak, puoh–>puak, kuom>kuam, nuom–>nuam, luong–>luang, suong–>suang, tuol–>tual, muon–>muan, suo–>suan, tuon–>tuan, kuong–>kuang, puong–>puang leh adgdgte asuoh hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ” ch” pên Tedim hâm in ‘c’ ahia, ch–>c. Hinanleh Kawlgam Zote’n ‘c’ ma azang denta uhhi. Zohâm a kammal ‘ie’ pên Tedim/Paite hâm in kammal ‘ia’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a thuteng ‘lien’ khu Tedim/Paite/Simte hâm in ‘lian’ chiin akigiel a,’li+an’ chiin akigingsah hi.
Etsahna in; Upa khat in thuteng khat; ‘chieng’ achi chiengin ‘chi’+eng’ ma in a ophawi agingsah nalâilâi hi. Ahivangin, agiel chiengin ‘chiang’ chi in agiellet hi. Tami in ‘chi+ang’ chi in ophawi agingsah hi. Tuachiin sangnaupangte’n sanglai sungah ahing zil chiengun ‘chieng’ chia lam ding hinapi’n akawilam in ‘chiang’ chiin asimsah u’a tuachiin, a’ng hâm chiengun ‘chi+ang’ chiin alouta (gingsah) let uhhi. Tachibangin, thuteng/kamteng tampi lâigieldân jiehin akilheng lamdanga, Zohâm ophawi gil nempite ana kilheng siengta hi. Tabanga, thuteng kiheng lamdangte enta lei khun; Simte hâm, Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah atam dieh hi. Simte hâm sungah Zohâm apata akila thuteng kitheichien khat ahileh ‘diei’ ahi, tami ‘di+ei’ ophawi a, ging pên khu ‘diai’ chiin akigiel a, tuachiin akilaw chiengin ‘di+ai’ chiin akigingsah a, akilou let hi.
Tuachiin, Zohâm a thutengte ‘chie, chien, chieng, chiet, kie, khie, lie, lien, lieng, nien, nieng, phiengsan, pien, pieng, sie, sien, sieng, siel, siem, siet, sietna chite khu.
Paite hâm leh Simte hâm in ‘chia, chian, chiang, chiat, kia, khia, lia, lian, liang, nian, niang, phiangsan, pian, piang, sia, sian, siang, sial, siam, siat, siatna asuoh a,
Tedim hâm in ‘cia, cian, ciang, ciat, kia, khia, lia, lian, liang, nian, niang, phiangsan, pian, piang, sia, sian, siang, sial, siam, siat, siatna chite asuoh kia leuleu hi.
Thado-Kuki hâm in ‘tia, chên, têng, chet, khe, khe, le, lên, lêng, nên, nêng, pên, pêng, se, thên, thêng, sel, thêm, set, setna asuoh uhhi.
Zo tehsete toh ka kihoulim chiengin a osuo/ophawidân hoitahin ka ngaichien zêl hi. Atangpiin têhsete osuo/ophawidân (phonetics) apatin ‘ua’ leh ‘ia’ sângin ‘uo’ leh ‘ie’ gindân apawtjaw leh aluongjaw in ka theithei hi. Zohâm a sie pên Tedim hâm in sia chiin akigiel a, Zo ham a sietna–>Tedim hâm in siatna chiin akigiel a, Zohâm a sieng–>Tedim hâm in siang chiin akigiel a, Zohâm a seta->Tedim hâm in siata chiin akigiel a, pie–>pia chiin akigiel a, peta–>piata chiin in akigiel a, peding–>piading chi in akigiel a akilou a, kigingsah uhhi. Zoham a ‘pia’ khu Mangkam in letdoh leh ‘move’ china ahibou hi. Tam pên lâigieldân maimai jieha, thuteng tuomdân hing suoh ahibou a, tualeh akibanglou dânin a’ng kigêlta hi. Tambang thuteng pienkhietna pên lâigieldân jieh maimai ahibou a, tuachiin kum tampi jouin atuom dânin ahing kipomdohta hi.
(c). Kum sawtpi kidaitha, kikhenna, kichimatlouna jiehin hâm kihengthei tualeh atuomdeu piengthei hi. Mihing pawl kibahpite toh kichimatlouna jieh, kidâithana jieh, tênna munte kibahtâhlou zieh, tênna gamlât jieh, mun leh muol opdân kibahlou jieh, ahilouleh midangte toh kichimattuona jiehin zong hâm adanglamthei mawh hi. Kihoutuona leh kikhenna asawttâh ziehin kumtampi kikamtuo nawlouta ziehin hâmtuom ahing lêngkhethei hi.
Mexico gam a Spanish khotaneu khat sunga amite hâm khu Latin toh akibang sim nalâi a, ahivangin Latin hâm tahtah lah hituonlou, nanleh Latin thuteng tampi amaute hâm sung ah azeplut u’a azang nalâi uhhi. Kum sawtpi mihing apawl kibahpite toh akichimattuo tâhlou ziehun amaute lahah hâmtuom khat apieng a, tuachiin hâmdang khat nei asuoh uhhi. Hinanleh, amaute hâm sungah Latin thuteng lui tampi atel veve hi.
Zo hâm sunga thutengte tam, tami, tanah khu hi, himi, hiai, hiah, chite khu kum 300-500 (zathum-zanga) masang tuom a ana kiheng hidînga gintâthuoi ahi. Tuachiin; hang khu–>an, hing, hong, hung, a ana kiheng hidîng dâna gintât ahi. Thuteng hang sunga h leh g lâitengte akipaikhiet leh ‘an’ suoh hi. Tami thuteng ‘an’ pên Lushei hâm thuteng ahia, tapên hang, hing, hong, hung china toh kibang veve dân a kisimthei ahi hi. Zo hâm sunga thuteng ’sih’ khu hih, suh, kei a ana kiheng hidînga gintathuoi ahi. Zohâm a lâiteng ’s’ ahilouleh ‘t’ khu ana kihengkha a, Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘chh’ in gindân in ana kigingsahta hi. Tuachiin, ’suoh’ khu ‘chhuok [chhuak]‘ asuohta a, ‘tou’ pên chho [chhou] asuohta hi.
Zohâm sunga lâiteng ‘g’ khu Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘r’ gindân in ana kigingsah hi. Tuachiin thuteng ‘gou [go]‘ chipên ‘rou [ro] chiin akigingsah hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ’s’ ’sh’ gindân khu Lushei/Hmar hâm ah ‘th’ gindan in akigingsahta a, tuachiin thuteng ’sing’ khu ‘thing’ asuohta hi. Tabangma in Zohâm a lâitengte ’s, sh’ khu Thadou-Kuki hâm in ‘th’ ahilouleh ‘h’ gindânin akigingsah a, tuachiin ’sing’ khu ‘thing’ chiin akilou a; tualeh ’sih’ khu ‘hih’ chiin zong akigingsah hi. Lushei hâm leh Tedim hâm, Simte hâm, Paite hâm sungah thuteng tawpna lamah nâhkuogin ‘h’ khu akihâman mama hi. Zohâm a tha (new) khu Simte/Thadou hâm in ‘thah’ chiin akigiel a, tualeh akilou a, Hmar leh Lushei ham sungah ‘thar’ chi’n akigiel a akilou let hi. Tuachiin Zo hâm a thuteng dei –>khu Tedim/Paite /Simte hâm in deih asuoh a, kai–>kaih asuoh a,dai–>daih asuoh a,thei–>theih asuoh a,ngil–>ngilh asuoh a,hil–>hilh asuoh a,mama–>mahmah asuoh a,ngai–>ngaih asuoh a, tualeh leh adgdgte zong a om hi. Tualeh, Zohâm a thutengte; ‘mun, ngal, mal, ngil’ chite khu Lushei hâm in’hmun, nghal, hmar, nghil’ asuohhi. Going (vowel) ‘i’ khu oging ‘u’ in akihengtuo uhhi. Tuachiin, Zo hâm a ’sih’ khu Lushei hâm in’suh’ asuoh hi. Tuachiin; hing–>hung a’ng suoh hi. Oging ‘a’ khu oging ‘i, o, u’ in akihengtuo u’a tuachiin; thuteng hang khu–>hing, hong, hung, suoh zel ahi. Zohâm a odâi (consonant) lâiteng ‘h’ pouma a, tawpte pên Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘k’ ah atawp zêl hi. Alelam zong ahithei veve hi. Tuachiin, mah–>mak, lah–>1ak, pah–>pak, sah–>sak, tah–>tak, suoh–>suok, tuoh–>tuok, thuoh–>thuok, puoh–>puok, suh–>suk, tuh–>tuk, thuh–>thuk asuoh hi.
Tahaw pên tênna gamlât jieh, kum tampi ana kichimattuo tâhloujieh u’a hichi banga hâm ogindân tuom hing piengdoh ahibou hi. Zohâm zang mihing pawlte lah ah zong atênna uh ana kibahtâh lou jiehun ahâmteng/kamteng/thutengte uh ana kiheng manta hi.
(d). Hâm kihen mihing ngaina Mihingte’n atênna khuo leh tui hâm azui u’a athei sawm uhhi. Tami khu mihing piendân ngaina ahi. Akhuo-leh-tuite’n apomthei nadîngin tua khomite hâmdân athaw u’a azui zêl uhhi.
Etsahna in; Zopa khat Tedim hâm ahilouleh Paite hâm ahisihleh Simte hâm na khuo khat ah vatêng taleh tua khomite pomthei nadîngin tuapa khu akhomite(amaute) hâm dândânin ahâmsawm dînga,athaw dînga tuachiin kum tampi nua chiengin khum khomite hâm azui a,tualeh apomta dînga, ama hâm apâita ding hi. Nanleh, ama hâmlui sunga thuteng tampi ahing polut dînga tuachiin hâmtha azangta dîng hi. Tua khomite hâm sunga thuteng kibelap sawn asuoh hi. Tuachiin awl-awlnou in kum tampi ahing kiveijou chiengin hâmtha khat ahing piengkheta dînga tualeh ama hâmlui toh kibang sênglou khat ahing piengkhie hi. Ahilouleh, hâmtha vilvel khat apiengkhethei hi.
Zohâm apata hâm tuomtuomte; Tedim, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Gangte, Thangkhâl, Khuongnung chite leh adg dgte hing piengkhie hiva chithu upate’n agintât uh thute agên zê uhhi. Nam khat hâm sunga thutengte akithejâh a,tuachia hâm kinâi namte pawl lah ah zah in ahing umthei hi. Theiloukâl in, mihingte’n angâisâng mihing pawlkhatte piendân hâmdân leh a tawndân uh dangdangte ana mêlchi u’a tualeh azuisawm uhhi. Thutengte pawlkhat khu akingâisângte apatin akawm zêl uhhi.
Tuachiin, Lushei hâm a thuteng kikawm khat ahileh ‘fel’ ahia, Zohâm in ‘taima’ china ahi. Tuachiin nichin hâmzah in amangta uhhi. Tuama bangin, tawmngaina, mangai, chanchin, theibufai, chawm, chang, changkang, manmaw, maw, fuh chite ahing kikawmta a, nichin âm na u’ah azang zêl ta uhhi. Tuachiin Zohâm thutengte apung sêmsêm hi.
Zohâm apatin hâm dangdangte in nal leh hoi asah uh thutengte akawm u’a amahaw’a bangin azang let uhhi. Etsahna in; sengseng, diei, dieldiel, vawi, kalaisai chite ahi.
Zohâm kizahdân Namkai, Gamkai, Khokai, Vêngkai, hâmneute (dialects) chituomtuom a um hi. Hâmzahdân chi tuomtuom a um hi. Kammal leh thuteng kibang himananleh akhietna leh akawmu tuomtuom a omthei thou hi. UK gam ah ‘Comprimise’ akijah chiengleh thuteng hoi lampang in akimang hi. Mi kingaingiem gênna in akijang let hi. Compromise chipên kilemna, kituona china in akila hi. Ahivangin,USA gam ah ‘Compromise’ thuteng akijah leh, eima mimal manna lampang akawmu leuleu hi. ‘Compromise’ thuteng khu manna, thalkiana, jawlana, supna lampang in akila hi. UK gam ah ahoi lam in akijang a, USA gam ah supna leh aselam in akijang hi. Ahivangin, azangte’n ahâmte uh akibang in asim nawn sih uhhi. Hâm jattuomdân leh kibahlouna Zo nam khat chikhat zat khat sungah zong a omthei veve hi. Khat veivei leh agamgi akitheikhen tuon sihhi. Okaidân tuomtuom a um a, tuate dungjui in hâmzahdân akitheithei pan hi. Asâng, angiem, a ul,atoukai, khiehsuh, tanggen, hâmkhau, hâmnem, chite a um guol hi. Zohâm khu osuohâm ahijiehin asaukai/saulam, atomlam/atomkai, akhiehsuh, atoukai thutengte/kamtengte aum hi. Tawndân kibang sung khat ah zong pawl khatte’n hâm tuomdeu hâmneute azang uhhi. Hâm apatin mi vêng, mi nam, mi khuo mi hina mi hing puona chite akitheithei hi.
Hâm khat sunga patin zong hâmzahdân tuomtuom leh hâmneute a um a, tuate apatin; Ama; Sugnute, Singtomte, Singngatte, Phaitute, Gamngaite, Tonzangte, Khodaite, Kanante, Anlunte, Behiengte, Hiengtamte, Khaukuolte leh adangdang, chiin akikhenthei nalâi ahi. Khuo leh khuo hâm sungah zong thutengte a unpi in akibang siengta sih hi. Khokhat sungah hâmteleu (colloquial),hâmleng(slang word), hâmsawi(pidgin),hâmneu(dialect) chite a om thei veve hi. Zo sungah zong ama Hâidawi hâm a hâm, ama Thangkhâl hâm a hâm, ama Khuongnung hâm a hâm, ama Khodâi hâm a hâm chite a omthei veve hi.
Tuachiin Lamka Zo, Gunpang Zo, Sugnu Zo, Singngat Zo,Tonjang Zo,Kawlgam Zo chite hâmpawl(dialectical group) tuomtuom umdân in akilangsah hi. Himalehzong, Zou hâm kibang tângpi khat a om a, khum thutengte’n nam khathina leh tawndânte akêmbit a, tuachiin hâmdangte’n akivaltumsah sih uhhi. Atangpiin, guollui hâm leh hâm-upa te’n hâmbul thutengte akêmbit u’a ahina uh leh atawndân uh asuhing uhhi. Atangpiin, enta lei, tunidongin Zou sungah hâm zahdân akibang diemdiem veve nalâi hi. Zolate enkia lei hâm thakhat hidân akilang sêm hi.
Zohâm zahdân tuomtuomte leh Zohâm thuteng kibanglou hinanleh akhietna kibang pawlkhat en vai: Topa, tunou, tami, tam, tan, tanah, pâh; –> Sugnu leh Gunpang suhlangte’n, hinanleh, mi pawikhattte’n ‘Mangpa, belam’ zong azang panta veve uhhi.
Mangpa, belam, hi, himi, hiah, kawt –> Singngat tangtou leh Lamka lamte’n azang uh hi.
Sugnu langte’n tami, tam, tana, tanah, izo, i, om, ahikhu, akhula chite atangpiin azang let uhhi.
Lamka lamte’n hi, hiah, huah, maw, mawleh, um, avele, ave chite azang let uha, hinanleh thu-leh-late agiel chiengun tam, tami, tana, tanah thutengte azang veve uhhi.
Sugnu langte’n ‘ei panpi in ‘ achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’m ‘hing/hung panpi in’ achi zêl uhhi.
Sugnu langte’n ‘nei kithuopi diei? achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’n ‘nang kithuopi diei? achi leng uhhi.
Kinousietnate zong aunpi in, akibang kim sihhi. Sugnu langte’n na ngap ei ? achi u’a,Lamka lamte’n: na ut maw? achi uhhi. Sugnu langte’n kikhutsa vai achi let u’a Lamka lamte’n kichibai vâi achi zêl uhhi.
Gungpang – suh in ‘dam lai maw mataw? Sugnu langte’n ‘na damdam na’i’ achi let u’a,Lamka lamte’n ‘na dam zêl maw’ ahisihleh ‘na dam zêl ei’ achi leng uhhi.. Lamka lamte’n ‘hing’ sângin ‘hung’ ahâjah jaw uhhi.
Hing leh dam thutengte kawmu akibang a lamka lamte theidan in ’shilou’ china ahi.
Etsahna in; ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun na pa ahing na’i china ahi. Sugnu langte theidanin ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun ‘Na pa ahat na’i ? china tobangin akijang hi. Tualeh natna neilou lampang toh kisai in akijang hi.
Tualeh, Zohâm a, ophawi osuote bangin hâmdangte in thutengte anei sih uhhi. Zohâm a, osiesuo agildân ahuoisietdân pên hâmdang khata osie agildân leh ahuoisietdânte akibangthei mawngmawng sih hi. Osiehâm zong agamkai, vêng, khuo kaidân dungjuiin akibangkim sih hi.
By Philip ThangLienMang
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