Abawl.n. One who does or makes.
Aguol-apâi.n. Friends and acquaintance.
Ahoijousie tungah
Ahunlou avâilou in/a.adv.untimely,out of place,improper timing.
Aigupta.n.Izipt. Egypt.
Âisânsiem=charmer
Ama.pn.he,him.
Amasapên.adj.the first,foremost.
Amawh.n. Left overs.
Amawhna silpiehte
Amit atawtsah zieh in
Anuakhiapên.adj. The last,the lattest,the end.
Asiem.n. One who creates.
Ataw neng tanpha’n
Avai dinga=will wield
Awgin.n. Ogin.voice.
Awgin.n.voice.
Awging.n.sound,voice.
Awgingpi.n. Great sound or voice.
Babilon.n.Babylon.
Bâgawp
Bamêng
Banga.adv. Like,as.
Bangin.dv.like,as
Bawkêh.v.pf.broken.
Bawlgenthei a om
Bawlgentheina.n.oppression.
Bawltawm.adj.bawlthu. Artificial.
Bawngtal.n.oxen.
Bazâmte=sprigs
Begaw.n.dry bean.
Beini anei sih ding
Beisah.v. Annul,abolish,end,stop.
Belap theina dingin . That they may add
Bêlkhên.n.pot,moulded clay pot.
Bêlkhêng.n.potter.
Biehna.adj.of worship.
Biehna.n.worship.
Bildaw.v.ngâi.lend ear,hear,listen.
Boh.v. Prostrate,bow.
Bohkhup.v.bowdown,prostrate down.
Botkêh.v.tear off,break off.
Botsie.v.transgress,violate,infringe,break.
Bua.adj. Defiled,unclean.
Buasah.v. Defile.
Bu-ât.v.reap.
Buata.v. Defiled.
Bu-âtpa.n.reaper.
Buchithepa.n. Sower.
Bukungte
Buo.v.discard,throw,trip.
Buohkhum.v. Pour over,shower.
Buohpa.n.one who discard or throws or pours.
Buolna.n. Têndenna mun. Place of dwelling,dwelling place,residence.
Busâtna
Bushi=-chaff
Buvuite
Buvuohsa.n.threshing.
Chiemtêna ensign
Chiengin.adv.on,in.
Chiengtawn
Chiengzawl
Chilgawp.v. Pf. Trodden.
Chîllâi a
Chillum.n.cillum.warm saliva.
Chilna
Chîlnâng
Chilsie
Chilsietna
Chîltêl.adj.cîltêl.particular,specific,selective,choosy.
Chipsah.v. Broken down.
Chitûn
Ciengtan.v.limit,draw borderline.
Ciengtanna.n.act of drawing a limit or borderline.
Cillum.n.chillum.warm saliva.
Cîltêl.adj.chîltêl.particular,specific,selective,choosy.
Citah.adj.thutah,gitah. Faithful,sincere,reliable,dependable,solid.
Dâiling
Damsahpa
Danggaw.adj.thirsty,dry throat.
Danggawta
Dânthu
Dâtmei.n.torchlight.
Dawh.v.uncovered.
Dawithusiem=wizard.
Dawkâng.n.table.
Dawngkot.n.gate,doorway,entrance.
Dawngkotpi.n.gatet.
Dawnkham
Dawtpua
Deikhop
Deiloulam
Deimawbawl in abawl
Deisahtuomnei
Dâiling
Dielpuon
Dihtatana.n.righteousness.
Dîldêl.adv.completely,utterly,eerie.
Dingdoh.v. Stand out.
Dingdong.n.harp.
Donghu.v. Domkâng,panpi. Help,assist.
Donghu.v.domkâng. Lift up,assist.aid.
Donlou.adj.uncared for,neglected.
Dou.n. One who fights,one who wars.
Douna.n. Act of warring or fighting.
Du-âm
Du-et.v.look at sb. With lust,look with anger,look at ferociously.
Etnuomna.n. Wish to see,desire to see.
Gâ le vui.n.gâlehvui.offspring,issue,produce,product,fruit.
Gâlevui.n.gâlehvui.offspring,issue,produce,product,fruit.
Gâ-le-vui.n.gâlevui,gâ-leh-vui.offspring,issue,produce,product,fruit.
Gâlgîh.v. Rebuke.
Gâlgîhna.n. Rebuke.
Gâlmuonna.n.peace.
Gâlthuom
Gâlvan.n.armour.
Gâlvêng.n.guard,watchman,security,sentinel.
Gam.n. Ground.
Gam-â.n.wild rooster,wild fowler.
Gam-âh.n.wild fowler,wild chicken.
Gamdangmmi.n.stranger,foreingner
Gamlapi a.adv. At a distant,from far away.
Gamlât.n.farness,distant state.
Gamsahna
Gamta.v. Act.
Gamvâihawmte
Gangpising
Ganhonte
Gasuong.v.bear fruit.
Gawithop
Gawlzing
Gawsah.v. Dry,dessicate.
Gawtgawi
Gawtna.n.chastening,punishment.
Gen
Gêndohpa.n. A male person who tells or says out.
Gentheithuoh.adj.afflicted.
Gentheithuohsah.v. Afflict,oppress.
Get
Getpieh
Gîhna.n. Rebuke.
Giltouna.n. Wickedness,iniquity.
Gimthuohna.n. Affliction,oppression,tribulation.
Gimtuibawm
Ginalou.adj.useless,hopeless,unreliable.
Ginglawm.n.music,melody,instrument.
Gînhuoina
Gising
Gîtlou.n.mawna,khiel. Sin,transgression.
Gîtlouna.n. Khelna.wickedness,transgression,iniquity.
Gîtlou-sâtlouna.n. Iniquities,transgressions,wickedness.
Golguh sil
Gosem
Goutan.n.heritage,inheritance,share.
Gûhsim.adj.confidential,secretive.
Gûhtat-lâhtanat.n.act or behaviour of sb in secret,secretive manner or behavior.
Gûhtat-lâhtat.v.act or behave secretly,act in a secretive manner.
Gullêngthei=flying serpent
Gulngân=gul chikhat.asp.
Gulpivom=viper,cockatrice
Gumtatna.n.violence,rudeness.
Gunkuong.n.canoe,river boat.
Guohtang.adj.naked,nude.
Guoigawpsah.v.grind,ground or powder thoroughly.
Guotthu.adj.artificial.
Guotthu.v.arrange there and then,
Hâ kâ a kap.advph.cry aloud,weep bitterly.
Hâhkol.n. Yoke.
Hâlgaw.adj.burnt.
Hâlmang.adj.burnt out
Hâmdohpa
Hâmlou phunlou.vp.thugên vawt lou. Quiet,silent.
Hâmselawna.n. Cursing.
Hâmsie lawkhum
Hâmsiet..n.woe
Hâmsiet.n. Woe,affliction,misery,heavy calamities.
Hamuonlou.adj.not comforted.
Hân.n.hlân.caller,one who beckons.
Hân.v.call,summon,beckon.
Hânkuo.n.sepulchre.
Hântawhna.n.provocation,encouragement,motivation.
Hât.adj.called,one who is called.
Hatangpi in .adv. Greatly,extremely.
Hausatnate.n. Riches,wealth.
Hawilâm.v.hawilên. Reel to and fro like a drunkard,stagger.
Hawilên.v. Hawilâm.reel to and fro like a drunkard,stagger.
Hawlou
Hawsuh.v. Go down.
Helhât.adj.rebellious.
Helsan.v. Rebel,revolt.
Helta
Heukieu=prune
Hiâu.adv.pei hiâu. Interjection to denote silent and immediate action.
Hiehtawng
Hiemdoh.v.hliemdoh,lhiemdoh.salvage,clear out.
Hil.v.sal. Rebuke.
Hîng.adj. Putrified,stale,bad esp. Food becoming sour in taste.
Hîngsah.v. Make sth., stale or putrified.
Hinkhotha.n. New life.
Hinkiana.n.nuntâtkiana. State of being born again,coming back to life.
Hintheina.adj. Living.
Hliehtawng
Hliehtawng.v. Tear off,break off.
Hon.n.crowd,mob.
Hon.v.inflected form of hong.open.
Honsa.v.opened.
Hosuo.v.uncover,unravel.
Hot
Hotdoh
Housiet
Housietna
Huimût.adj.huisêm.blown by wind.
Humbit.v.deliver.
Humbitna.n.deliverance,saving.
Humpi bahnei
Humpi hawh vapum bang aging
Humpibahkâi.n.humpinêlkâi.lion with flowing mane.
Humpinêlkâi
Humpinêlkâi.n.humpibahkâi.lion with flowing mane.
Hun.n.moment,time.
Hunchin a/in.adv.every moment.
Hundoh.v. Deliver out,save.
Hundohta.v.delivered out.
Hungiap.adj.right amount or quantity,just sufficient.
Hunnei.adj.timely.
Huoise.adj. Declension of huoisie.
Huoisie.adj. Terrible.
Huoltâi.n.body dirt,stripes,lines of whipping.
Huothuoitah.adj.abominable,disgusting,distasteful,abhorently.
Hupepa
Husaging=noise
Hutdam.adj.delivered,saved.
Hutdamthei.adj.can be saved,can be delivered.
Îmna
Îplate
Itna.n.kindness.
Izipt.n.Aigupta.Egypt.
Jâhdoh
Jâhdoh.v. Zâhdoh.stretch out,spread out.
Jâhdohpa
Jângâi.adj.zângâi. Gracious,patient,tolerant.
Jawhkhawm.v.zawhkhawm. Go together.
Jawnlouna
Jîhdawnte=bud
Jiumi.n.Jew.
Jolte.n. Smooth,fine.
Jotna
Jumna.n.zumna. Shame.
Jumsah.v.zumsah. Put to shame.
Juouthei.adj. Deceitful,lying.
Ka dâi kaite ka sâtse ding hi
Kâh.v. Opened.
Kâidoh.v. Pull out,extract.
Kâimang.v.pull away,taken away,wean away.
Kaingiem
Kâingiem
Kalsuon.v. Walk,take steps,move on,proceed.
Kamangthei.adj. Can be burnt out by fire,devouring.
Kamkhâtna.n.bitterness.
Kamlien.adj. Deep and large,broad,wide,big-mouthed.
Kampâusie.n.curse
Kâmsie.adj.vângsie,hamsie. Unlucky,unfortunate,ill-fated.
Kamsie.n.osie,awsie. Curse,bad-mouth.
Kângalkâi.v.jump across,cross over,pass over.
Kanggaw.adj. Dry fully.
Kanggaw.adj. Parched,completely dry,dried.
Kanggaw.v. Dry fry.
Kanggawsah
Kanggawsah.v. Dry up fully.
Kângtalâi
Kângtaliâi.n.chariot.
Kângtum
Kap vangua kap vangut
Katholik.n.Catholic.
Katumta
Kavâm.v.turn into cinder/ash,devour by fury fire.
Kavâmthei.adj.devouring.
Kawite
Kawlmong
Kawm leh kâl
Kawmkâl
Kawnggâh.n.girdle.
Kawngtên
Kedâpbunlou.adj.kêngguoh.barefoot.
Kei’a hilou.nph.
Keima hilou.nph. Not of me,not mine.
Keipa
Kêlkot.n.entrance,gate.
Kêlnguoi.n.tu.sheep.
Kêlnguoinou.n.tunou. Lamb.
Kêngbu
Kêngdâp.n.kedâp. Shoe.
Kêngguoh.adj.kedâpbunlou.barefoot.
Kêngphâng
Kêngphâng.n.foot.
Kêngtaw
Kêngtawte
Keplou
Ketot
Ketot.n.step.
Khangham.n. Upa.elder.
Khanguol.n. Contemporary
Khantawn.adv.forever.
Khat…zong.adv. Not a single,not even one.
Khawpi.n.khopi.city.
Khelna.n. Transgression,sin,iniquity.
Khelna.n.iniquity,transgression.
Khetbûh
Khetphin.n.nail.
Khielna.n.mawna. Sin,iniquity,transgression.
Khieng sing
Khinkhâi.v. Koiching,koicing.keep safely.
Khipisuong.n.agate.
Khîte=those that cast angle or net
Khodâh.v.look up, behold,lift up eyes.
Khogam
Khohei.n.nundân.manner.
Khosung
Khotuo.v. Show mercy,shower grace.
Khotuo.v. Show or have mercy/kindness.
Khotuona.n.mercy,kindness,generosity.
Khotuopa.n.one that had mercy.
Khovâh
Khukhum
Khukhum.v.cover up,envelope.
Khumi in.adv. Wherefore,and so.
Khuo vâh
Khuolhawna.n tour,vist,journey,place of visit or journey or tour.
Khuom.n.stake,pillar.
Khuomuna.n. Enlightenment,awareness.
Khuong.n.tabret,drum.
Khut laptou.v. Raise or lift up hands.
Khutbêng
Khutkawitum
Khutlum.adv. By hand.
Khutsiem.adj. Expert.
Khutsiemna
Kianawnlou.adv.no more.
Ki-ângtangsah.v.kiletsah,kiliensah. Proud,be possessive.
Ki-awlum.v.kisânglum. Warm self.
Kibawlgentheina.n.affliction,oppression.
Kibitna.n. Defence,shelter.
Kidâhhuoi
Kidahhuoi.adj.abominable,disgusting.
Kidahhuoitah
Kideldohte.v. The outcasts.
Kidomsang.v.exalted.
Kidongtuo.v. Ask each other,say to one another.
Ki-et.v.look self.
Kigênse
Kigênsie
Kigênsiet
Kigênsietna
Kigênsietna.n.evil speaking.
Kigensietna.n.reproach,criticism,calumny.
Ki-hadoh
Kihâlna.n. Crematorium,pile,burning.
Kihalna.n. Mixing,mixer.
Kihângsansah.v. Make self brave or courageous.
Kihântawh.v.encourage,provoke,motivate.
Kihântawhna.n.encouragement,provocation,motivation by self or sb.
Kihâupite
Kihazâtna.n.malice.
Kiheh
Kiheimangsan
Kiheimangsan.v. Turn aside sb,abandon out sb.
Kihialut.v. Swirl in,pass through.
Ki-hladoh
Kihlung.v. Kihung,kilhung.stretch out oneself or itself.
Kihouthawn
Kihûitûnna.n.covering,swaddling cloth.
Kihundoh
Kihung.v.kihlung,kilhung. Stretch out oneself or itself.
Kijasah
Kikândet
Kikhâite
Kikhakhum.v.shut oneself inside sth.
Kikhoppina.n.Council,Assembly,Congregation.
Kikhulsa.adj.divorced,forsaken.
Kikhuna
Kikhuna.n.covering,cover.
Kikhuna.n.vail,veil.
Kikoipa.n. One that kept or considered.
Kikouthawn
Kiladoh.v. Removed away.
Kilawmlia
Kilawmna
Kilêlâh.v.kisênglâh. Marry father’s sister’s daughter,marry a forbidden person.
Kilemguot
Kilemguotsa
Kilhung.v.kihung,kihlung.stretch out oneself or itself.
Kiliensahtaha
Kiliensahte
Kimlâi.adv. While,while at being,in the middle.
Kimudâna.n.hate,dislike.
Kinâituo.v. Approach each other,come close to one another
Kinawdoh.n.oucast,exiled person.
Kinawdohte
Kinepna.n. Expectation,hope.
Kinepthawnna.n. Hopelessness,vain hope.
Kingâhna
Kingâisâng
Kingânsuon.v. Kigumsuon. Keep out or displace sb., rudely or forcefully.
Kingâtna see
Kiniemkhietna.n.kinêusahna.humility,meekness.
Kiniemnet.adj.suppressed,oppressed,humiliated.
Kiniemnet.n.one who is suppressed or oppressed.
Kiniemnet.v.put down each other.
Kiningchingtaha.adv. Sufficiently.
Kinuasiete
Kipa lasah
Kipal
Kipal.v.stumble oneself,strike against sth.
Kipalpua
Kipalpua.v.fall off,collapse,stumble.
Kipalpua.v.stumble off,err,blunder,falter.
Kipana
Kipana
Kipatdoh chieng
Kipausahnate
Kipe.v.inflection of kipie.
Kipenu.n. One who gives herself for sth.,one who is given sth.
Kipepa.n. One who gives himself for sth.,one who is given sth.
Kiphasah.adj.kiletsah,kiliensah. Proud,haughty.
Kiphasahte.n. The proud people.
Kiphatsahna
Kiphol.v.hide self.
Kiphuol.adj.hidden.
Kiphuong
Kipie.v. Given,dedicate self,offer self.
Kipui.v. Led.
Kipuikhawmte.n. Those gathered together.
Kisahtheina
Kisakhat.v.become one body,unite.
Kisan zong hing tandohpa
Kisapna.n.kivâtna,kichinlouna,kicinlouna.lacking,insufficiency,gap.
Kisât.adj. Beaten.
Kisâtgawpnate
Kisathei
Kisausah.v.zun,jun. Lengthen.
Kisêl.v. Hide oneself.
Kisêlpa.n.one who hides self.
Kiselpa.n.one who is argued.
Kisiel.v. Ponder or think by self.
Kisimmawna.n. Disdain,scorn,derision,humiliation.
Kisolna
Kisolna.n. Deceit,lie.
Kisubau.v.defile,pollute self.
Kisumthei.v.can refrain self.
Kisuolpi.v. Fight with sb or sth.
Kitaisan
Kitasam
Kitasam.adj.insufficient,lacking,wanting.
Kitasampa
Kitatman.n. Ransom money.
Kitatna.n.deliverance,ransom.
Kitaw.v. Stoked.
Kitaw.v.tuikul kitaw si’n len,
Kitelkhiel.v. Kitheisiemlou. Misunderstand.
Kitelkhielna.n.kitheisiemlouna.misuderstanding.
Kitelsiem.v.kitheisiem.understand each other.
Kithahmang
Kithalawp.v. Feel eager.
Kithalawptahin.adv. Eagerly,happily.
Kithangpaina.n.kilungthahna.anger and hate.
Kithapieh.v.kihântawh,kihânthawn. Encourage,enliven.
Kithoi
Kithoina.n.sacrifice,offering.
Kithukimna.n. Compromise,understanding,broad agreement.
Kithuopi.v. Help or assist sb.
Kitodohna
Kitoukuoh.adj. Hewed.
Kiva
Kivathâute
Kivênbitna puonte
Kivonna
Kivuohna.n.kisâtna. Scourging,beating.
Kizâh
Kizawnna.n.palanquin,litters.
Kizepna
Kizuanu.n.harlot.
Kizumsuo.v. Kijumsuo. Put to shame.
Kohawm
Koikhiet
Koima.n.noman,nobody.
Koingiem
Koingiem.v. Bring down,lower.
Kokhuh
Kokhûh
Kokhûh.n.pit,ditch.
Koltâng.n.suohtâng. Slave,serf.
Koltâng.v. Suohtang.become slave.
Kothûh
Kotta.n.window.
Koudohna.n. Calling out of sb.
Kûi.v.awn.bend.
Kûitung.v.occur in a desired manner,get climax,happen,take place.
Kûitunpi.v.hold on to sth, in a steadfast manner,cause sth.to occur or take place for good.
Kulpi bângnei
Kulpinei.adj. Fortressed,defended.
Kumpigam.n.kingdom,domain,suzerainity,supremacy.
Kunglam
Kuongkûm
Ladoh
Lâhdoh
Lâhkhiet
Lâhkhiet
Lâhmang
Lâhmang.adj. Removed,taken away.
Lâilên.n.vâ. Roaming,visit.
Lâilêng.v. Vâh.roam,pay visit.
Lâilênna.n.vâna. Act of roaming,visit.
Lâilung.n.middle,centre,core.
Lâinat.n.pity,mercy.
Lâinatna.n.feel strongly for sth or sb,sympathy.
Lakam.n.lahâm. Language of song,poetic language.
Lakamteng.n.lahâmteng. Poetic word.
Lakhie
Lamang
Lamangta
Lamdawn.v welcome.
Lamkathuom
Lamkawi.n.crooked road.
Lamzotte.n. Followed path or road.
Lamzuonte.n.those who follow the path or road.
Langngat.v. Turn towards.
Langsah
Lângsah
Lawkhum
Lawmzu.n.group drinks,party wine.
Lawpi.n.sieve.
Leiba.n.credit.
Leibapa.n.borrower.
Leibasahpa.n.lender.
Leigawgam.n.dry land.
Leikohawm
Leisietna.n.kamsietna. Calumny,talk devoid of any manner.
Leitawi.v. Borrow.
Leitawipa.n. Borrower.
Leitawisahpa.n. Lender.
Lêngmusêl.n.fitches.
Lênsepthey that cast/spread nets upon the waters
Lenuol
Let.adj.overflowing.
Liemsah.adj.wounded,injured.
Loisa
Loukâi.n.plowman.
Loukâi.v.plow.
Loukâipa.n. Plowman.
Loupazîng
Luiguom gâl
Lukieuna
Lumlet.v. Turn upside down.
Lungdong.adj.lungkham.confounded,pereplexed,confused.
Lunggêlsiem.adj.prudent,shrewd,wise.
Lunggim.adj.sad,sorrowful,unhappy,anxious.
Lunggim.v.grieved in spirit,sorrow,be sad,be unhappy.
Lungkim.adj.satisfied,contented.
Lungngaituona.n. Thought,thinking,idea.
Lungthah.adj. Angry,furious,enrage.
Lungthah.v. Be wrath,be angry.
Lungthahna.n. Indignation,anger,fury.
Lungthahna.n. Indignation,anger,wrath.
Lungthahsah.v. Make angry,enrage.
Lungtunna.n.nopsahna,taina.bliss,satisfaction,joy.
Lungtup.n.wish,aim,desire,aspiration.
Luohsuona.n. State or feeling of vomiting.
Luoingiem
Luoisa
Luonkhietna.n.state of flowing out,site of flowing out of liquid or water.
Luonkhum.v. Overflow,flow over,flow inside.
Luonkhum.v.overflow.
Lutang zepna
Lutna.n.depth of sth,grandeur,glory,high stature.
Mâijumpi
Mâingat.v.face front,turn towards.
Mâitâm.n. Altar,grove.
Mâizum.n.zumna. Shame,disgrace,dishonour,ignominy.
Mâizumhuoi.adj.zumhuoi.shameful,disgraceful,ignominius,dishonourable.
Mâizumpi
Mang.v. Perish.
Mangbangconfounded
Mangbat.adj.bewildering,perplexing,confusing.
Mangbathuoi.adj. Much bewildering/perplexing/confusing.
Mangbatna.n. Anguish,adversity,perplexity,confusion.
Manglangpa/te/haw/nu/tu
Mangmuna
Mangmuna.n.vision.
Mangmuna.n.vision.
Mangthâisahpa
Mangthâisahte.n.spoilers.
Mangthangsah.v.waste away,make sth. Disappear or perish.
Mantâhlou
Mantâhlou.adj. Useless.
Manthâina.n. Desolation.
Manthâina.n. Vanity.
Manthâina.n.destruction,spoiling,loss.
Manthâina.n.state of vanishing,destruction,perishing,great loss.
Mapawnte
Masanga.adv.before,until.
Masangsie.adv.till,until.
Matunpi.v.carry or take sth., in advance.
Mâu zênzûn
Mawmâisahna.n.khielngaidamna. Forgiveness.
Mawna.n.khielna. Sin,transgression,iniquity.
Mawpai.v.mawsah. Convict,allege,accuse.
Mei-âm.n.sherd.
Meikâm.n.sherd.
Meikhuom.n.pillar of fire.
Meikhuompi.n. Great pillar of fire.
Meisasuong.n. Flint.
Meishi
Meithâihina.n.widowhood.
Messia
Mêtkieu
Michilge.n.eunuch.
Midihtat.n. The just,righteous person.
Mielnuoi
Migenthei.n.needy person.
Migêntheisahaop
Migilou.n.the wicked.
Migilou.n.wicked.
Migiloute.n.the wicked(plural form).
Mikhuol
Milien.n.milun.nobleman.
Milip.n.mimal. Individual,self.
Milun.n.milien.nobleman.
Mimêlhoitah
Min ah.adv. Kungah. To him or her.
Min.adv. Kung. To.
Min.n.initial,name.
Minam.n. Zât. Race,nation.
Mindaina.n. Dishonour,shame,disrepute.
Mineijouloute
Mintawn.n.full name,expanded name or initial.
Misângtah
Misiem.n. Created people,people who are created by sb.
Misimmaw.n. Scourner.
Misimmaw.v. Scourn people.
Misimmawhât.adj. Scourn,disdainful.
Mithâna.n. Murder,killing.
Mitkhupsa
Mitomgam.n.treacherous dealer.
Mitphiel âitawi
Mitphieldawisiem.n.soothsayer,shaman.
Mittaw.n.blind.
Mittawte
Mittephen khum
Mittote
Mothuoi.adj. Foolish,crazy.
Mothuoipi.adj.very foolish.
Motna.n.madness,craziness.
Muising
Mukha.v.happen to see or obtain.
Mulheu.n.shearer.
Mulheupa.n.male shearer.
Munjâng
Munphiet
Munzâng
Muol.n.mountain.
Muolphouna.n.shame,dishonour,disrepute.
Muotna
Nâ theina
Na.adj. Of.
Na.n. State of,condition of.
Nadîng.adv. So that,to,for.
Nâh breathing,breathe
Nâh-a
Nâhdân.n.way or manner of breathing,breath.
Nâhna=breath
Nahpitahin
Nâmtahin.adv.smoothly.
Nânântê.n.cummin leaf.
Nasapi a/in
Natna.n.pang,pain.
Nâubu.n. Womb.
Nâupâi.n.gâi. Woman with a child,pregnant woman.
Nâupâi.v.gâi. Conceive,become pregnant.
Nâupan.n.state of being a child,youth,young age,childhood.
Navâh.adj. Fel,taima.smart,intelligent,trouble-free.
Negam
Negamsieng
Nêh le tâh.n. Nêh-le-tâh,nêh-leh-tâh.food and drinks.
Nêh leh tâh.n. Nêh-leh-tâh,nêh-le-tâh.food and drinks.
Nêh leh tâh.n.neh le tâh. Food stuffs.
Nêhlaw.n.wager,bread-earner.
Nêh-leh-tâh.n. Nêh leh tâh,nêh-le-tâh,nêh le tâh.food and drinks.
Nêh-le-tâh.n. Nêh leh tâh,nêh-leh-tâh.food and drinks.
Nehna.n.of eating.
Neilou.adj.havenot,poor.
Neiloupi a.adv. Without,not having,not possessing.
Nekhawm.v.neton. Eat together,eat in group.
Nemvei
Neunou nate
Ngaidam hita.v. Is already forgiven.
Ngaidam.v. Purge,forgive,acquit.
Ngaidam.v.forgive.
Ngaisah.v. Care,pay heed or attention.
Ngaisahlou
Ngaisut
Ngaisutthei
Ngaisuttheina
Ngakuoi=angle
Ngâl a.adv. Although,eventhough.
Ngalhasuong.n.carbuncle,garnet.
Ngamanmi=fisherman,fisher
Ngawng-âtpa.n.cut-throat.
Ngawngvâipuoh
Ngêi
Ngêl.adv.indeed,just.
Ngentelna.n. Kimuchienna,kimucienna.self-realization.
Ngûmtung
Nidanglâi.adv.once upon a time,long ago.
Ning.v. Fed up.
Ninggawpta.v. Already much fed up
Ningta.v. Fed up already.
Noi
Nopsahna.n.taina,lungtunna.happiess,bliss,joy,comfort.
Nou.n.one that is dear to ones heart.
Nousah.v. Soak,moisten,make sth. Soft.
Nuangat.v. Show back,turn back,tur away.
Nuasie.v. Forsake.
Nuasietsa.adj.abandoned,forsaken,desolate.
Nuatol.v.backs slide,retreat,turn back.
Nuatolna.n. Turning back,retreat,back-sliding.
Nungjâng
Nungzâng
Nunuomsah.v. Gladden,make sth. Or sb. Delighted.
Nuoimang.v. Crush off,smash out,abolish,wipe off.
Nuom.adj. Smooth,cosy.
Oliv sing
Omdente
Omsunte
Omte.n. Persons who stay or live.
Pâhgui.n. Garland.
Pâhpâl.v. Blossom,bloom.
Pâhpâlsah=make sth to flourish
Palâi.n. Ambassador.
Palâit=ambassador
Palsan.v. Transgress,violate,infringe,break.
Pan a.adv. Pat a,pansa. From.
Paneiloute
Pangpa.v.feel threaten or anxious.
Panpi.n. Helper,assistant,aid,help,assistance.
Panpingai.adj.genthei. Needy.
Panpingâi.adj.needy,helpless,destitute.
Panpingâi.n.needy person.
Panpipa.n. A male person who helps or assists.
Pansa
Papegui.n.garland.
Patlom
Pawi siengthou.n. Holy solemnity.
Pawtdoh.n. One who comes out.
Pawtdoh.v. Come out.
Pawtdohpa.n. A male person who comes out.
Peilumlet.v. Turn violently.
Peimang.v.depart.
Peimangsan.v.abandon,forsake,go away from.
Peisan.v. Leave,abandon,forsake.
Peisuh.v. Go down,descend.
Peitou.v. Go up,ascend.
Pekia ding
Petuomsihlah-a
Phalloupa
Phan sing
Phawbûh.n.cottage,shed,tent.
Phietmang.v. Sweep away,abolish,annul,bloat out.
Phonghal
Phûm.v. Bury,lay.
Phungsân=shaman,charmenr
Phunsietna.n.clamour.
Phutdet.v.stabilize,strengthen,found firmly.
Phutdoh
Phutdohpa
Piengsah.v. Make ,create,turn into sth,make sth.real or happen.
Pienna mun.np.place of birth,birth-place.
Pikhâu.n.khâu lienpen leh poimaw pen.main line or rope.
Pil kisate
Pingpei.n.cyclone.
Puagawp.v.stumble,falter.
Puathop.v. Falter,collapse.
Pui.n.one who leads or guides.
Puidohpa.n. A male person who leads or guides away.
Puikhiel
Puimang
Puipa.n. A male person who leads or guides.
Pumlum.n.whole body.
Pumlum.n.whole,all of,everything.
Pumpei.n.pingpei.whirlwind,tornado,typhoon.
Pumpêng.n. Reed.
Pumzâpna.n. Bellow.
Puonjâlsan
Puonkâng=flax
Puonsil-nîhtên
Puonzalsan
Rabbi.n. Rabi,Juda biehna lamkâi.
Saban.n.sabon.soap.
Sabon.n.soap.
Saguoh.adj.naked,skeletal.
Sâi-îp
Sâi-ippuon=sackcloth
Sakolbu.n.gehu.wheat.
Sakoltungtuongmi.n.horseman
Sal a kaite
Sâmêh.n. Rust.
Sangawngsâng.n.giraffe.
Sangawngsâu.n.camel.
Sângtah.adj.lofty.Kâingiem.v. Pull down,lay low.
Sânsah.v. Hire,let out sth to sb.
Sânsah.v.lifted,raised up,exalted.
Sapengthâng
Sâtgawp
Sâtlia
Sâtlia.v. Slay,kill.
Sâtlum
Sâtsiet.adj.smitten with destruction.
Sattan
Sâttan
Sâtthop
Sawhêhna.n.kotkil.key.
Sawldohte=messenger
Sawpsieng
Sawpsieng
Sêhnêlgam.n.sênêlgam,sehnêlgam. Sandy land,sandy terrain,desert.
Sêlgu.v. Hide,confide,cover up,keep sth. Secret.
Sêlguh.adj. Hidden,secretive,confidential.
Seplut.v.toss inside.
Seppi.n. Co-worker,colleague.
Seppieh.v. Work or do for sb.
Sesahpa
Sesieng
Shikhiel.v. At deathbed,about to die,a the point of dying.
Siachieng.n. Iron rod.
Siakol.n.iron fetters,chain.
Sidup
Siembe.v.make further,improve upon.
Siemdohpa.n. One who creates or makes.
Siemmawtan.v. Condemn,blame,convict.
Siempa
Siempa.n. Creator,maker.
Siemtan.v. Jsutifyy,vindicate.
Siemtan.v. Justify,acquit.
Siemtang.v&adj.acquited.
Siemtang.v. Straighten out.
Siemtanna.n.justification,vindication.
Siemthute
Siengthoupa.n.Holy One.
Siengthousah.v. Sanctify,make holy,cleanse.
Sîh-et
Silbawlkhelna.n.transgression.
Silbawlkhiel.n.one that err or commit mistake,mistake,error.
Silbawlkhiel.n.transgressor.
Sildihlou.n.falsehood.
Silhuot
Silkêm.n.vankêm.treasurer,store-keeper.
Silkêmnu.n.vankêmnu.treasurer,store-keeper.
Silkêmpa.n.vankêmpa. Treasurer,store-keeper.
Silkêmtu.n.vankêmtu.treasurer,store-keeper.
Sillat.n.oblation,offering
Silmuthei.n. Seer.
Silsieng
Silsukhiel.n.offender.
Singbawl.n.carpenter.
Singbawlnu.n. Carpentress.
Singbawlpa.n. Male carpenter.
Singbawlte.n.pl. Of sinbawl. Carpenters.
Singbawltu.n.common noun,carpenter.
Singnawtna.n. Planer.
Sisan
Suhal
Suhât.v.strengthen,make sth. Powerful.
Suhgenthei
Suhgenthei.adj. Afflicted.
Suhgentheina.n. Oppression.
Suhhâtpi.v. Strengthen sth. For sb.
Suhkhelna.n. Suhkhielna. Mistake,blunder,error.
Suhmangthâi
Suhmangthâi.v.cut off,annihilated.
Suhngiem
Suhsiet.adj. Destroyed,spoiled.
Suhsietna
Suhsietna.n. Breaking or destroying of sth.
Suhthânghuoi.v. Make unclean,defile,polluted.
Sumang
Sumlaw.n.hireling.
Sumlawna.n.hire,wage.
Sumlawte
Summêtbawlna.n. Merchandise,business.
Sung.adv. Within,inside.
Sunga.adv. From within.
Sungah.advph.in the,inside the
Sunggil.n. Core.
Sungiem
Suoinamna khutsip
Suongde.n.sapphire.
Suongkâng.n..chalkstone.
Suongphûm.n.foundation,buried stone.
Tah.adv. About to.
Tahlou.adj.superficial,vain,untrue or incorrect.
Tahtah.adj.very correct,very true.
Tâhziehin.adv.tâhjiehin. Because of.
Tâijâhte
Tâinapa.n.one to whom one flee for help.
Tâizâhte
Tandoh
Tandohpa
Tandohpa
Tandohpa.n. One who delivers.
Tandohpa.n. Saviour,deliverer.
Tandohpa.n.redeemer,saviour,deliverer.
Tang.n. Rye,barley.
Tang.n.hill.
Tang-al
Ta-ngal.n.nitre,alkaline solution.
Tângkoupi.v. Shout aloud for,proclaim for.
Tanpha
Tânse.v. Pile up.
Tanse=share,portion
Tanvou.n.share,portfolio.
Tatdohna.n. Deliverance.
Tatdohna.n.deliverance,ransom.
Tatkêh=smash,break.
Tâumâi.n. Mâitâm. Altar.
Tawh.adv.toh. With.
Tawh.v. Dem,chauh.provoke,challenge.
Tawhthop
Tawilut.v. Bring in,introduce.
Tawitêna.n.sêltêna. Weight and balance.
Tawldam.n.rest,relaxation.
Tawldam.v.rest,relax.
Tawmang.v. Carry away.
Tawnkhiel.v.sin,commit sin,transgress.
Têhbaisah.v. Cause to become old early.
Têhsah.v. Make old,cause to become senile.
Tehteh.adv.more and more.
Têl.n. Chosen one,chosen person.
Têldohpa
Têldohpa.n. One who is chosen or selected.
Têlpa.n. One who chooses or selects.
Têlte.n. Chosen persons,chosen people.
Tepi.n.comparison.
Teptan lou
Têptanlou(uncirmcumcised)
Thahâtpa.n.strongman.
Thalpua.v.fall backward,collapse back.
Thaltangbawm.n.quiver.
Thâlup.adj.murdered,slain,butchered,slaughtered.
Thamlou in.adv. Definitely not only.
Thana.n.of killing.
Thânghuoite
Thangpaina.n.wrath.
Thatang a/in.adv.zing,gige,denden. Always,constantly.
Thatlum.v.slaughter,slay,murder,butcher.
Thâumei
Thâuna
Theile.n. Flute.
Theipi.n.witness
Theipina.n.witness
Theisiem kisate
Thoudohsah
Thuchiemna.n.vow
Thugênlawh.n.prophecy.
Thuget.n. Speech,talk.
Thuhilna.n. Counsel,advice.
Thuhun Tha.n. New Testament.
Thuhun.n.testament,covenant.
Thujâh
Thukhaw.v. Thubawl. Bring up issue,create issue.
Thukhuolna.n.keenness to preserve and spread some ideas to one’s heart and mind,preservation of ideas,comprehension,consideration.
Thukihilna.n.precept,consul,admonition.
Thukimna.n.satisfaction,agreement.
Thulimlouna.n.uselessness.
Thulimna.n.importance.
Thulu.n.thupi.theme,topic,motto.
Thuman.n. Thunun.obeisance,obedience.
Thumân.n.thudih,thutah. Truth.
Thumang.n.thunung.one who obeys or follows.
Thumang.v.thusang.obey ,follow.
Thumanna.n. Act or condition of being obedient.
Thuneilut.adj.meek,mild,humble.
Thuneilut.n.the meek.
Thuneilutte.n. Pl. Of thuneilut. The meek people.
Thuohgim.v. Languish,suffer
Thuohgimna.n.traivail,affliction,oppression,tribulation,suffering.
Thuohngâp
Thuom
Thupitah.adj. Glorious.
Thupitah.adj.great.
Thusang.v.zui. Obey or follow words of sb.
Thuvum.n. Camel hunch.
Thuzâh
Tomgam
Tomnou.adj.short,momentary,small(time).
Totgawp.v. Trampled,trodden.
Totthop.v. Pf. Trodden.
Totthop.v.trampled.
Toutah.adj. Durable.
Tuachi bangin.adv. Likewise,so,accordingly.
Tuachia Na gam a na damsawt nading un =so that you will live long in your land
Tuakâl in.adv. In the meantime.
Tuani chiengin
Tudette siel khâu tûh banga tudette
Tûhpa.n. One who is held or caught.
Tuhsa.adj. Hlawsa,hawsa. Cultivated,ploughed.
Tuibêl.n.waterpot.
Tuibêm.n.pool,pond.
Tuipishi.n.Tuipisi. Dead Sea.
Tuipisi.n. Dead Sea.
Tuisih.n.watery fluid.
Tuitâi.v.lui,tuiluong. Stream,river.
Tuizîn.n. Tuisânglêt. Flood,deluge.
Tumging.n.lyre.
Tûmmang.v. Overflood,overflow,maroon.
Tun tut lu luh
Tundoh.v.established,founded.
Tundohpa.n.one who is raised up or established.
Tungdoh
Tungdohpa
Tungdohpa.n. One who raises up or establishes sb., or sth.
Tunggih.adj.oppressed,burdened,miserable.
Tunggihna.n.oppression,burden,misery.
Tuoh.n.contributor,sharer,investor,one who pools or contributes.
Tuohgim.adj.suffering,languishing.
Tuohgim.v. Languish,suffer pain.
Tuohkhawm.v.tuoton.contribute or pool or gather or invest together.
Tuokhawm.n.tuoton.contribution,collection,pool,share.
Tuomtên
Tuonchîl
Tuonchilgawp
Tuongbâng.v. Drop by,halt at some place.
Tûsa.adj.tuhsa,hlawsa,hawsa. Cultivated,ploughed.
Tûte.n. They that sow.
Ûm=bud
Vagua.adv. Pêng vagua. Interjections for loudness.
Vahaw.v. Vist,go.
Vâhkhangpieh
Vâhthâp.v.vâhtâp.wander,loiter,roam aimlessly.
Vâi a hawmsah ding hi
Vâihawmna.n. Governance,administration.
Vâihawmsah
Vâisai.n. Organization,committee.
Vangawngsâu.n.ostrich.
Vâng-etna.n.
Vânging.n.vântou.thunder.
Vânte.n.firmaments.
Vâsah.v.fill up.
Vateh.adv. At all,just.
Vateh.av. Should,shall,ought to.
Veithei.adj.can be filled up or stored.
Vêlle
Vênbitna.n. Defence,shelter,protection,guard.
Vêng.v. Keep guard,guard,secure,defend.
Vênghoi.v. Vêngpha. Guard well,secure well.
Veve.adv. As well,all the same.
Vievielsah.v. Turn or cause to bend on the left.
Vive.adv. All,everything.
Vuanêl.v. Khukhum,vûhkhum. Envelope with sth,cover up.
Vul.adj. Faded,fading.
Vulgawp.v. Faded away.
Vulsiengta
Vuohna.n.beating.
Vuohsidup.v&adj.bruised.
Zâhdoh.v. Jâhdoh.stretch out,spread out.
Zâhdohpa.n. Male person who spreads out sth.
Zahpa.n. Male person who is used.
Zâhpa.n.male person who spreads out sth.
Zahsiem.v. Utilize well,use properly,put to good purpose.
Zakha..v.happen to hear,be aware.
Zalât.v.zum.ashame.
Zalâtna.n.zuman,mâizumna.shame,dishonour,disgrace,ignominy.
Zâlin.adv. Ziehin,sanin.because of.
Zâmging.n.zâm. Gong.
Zângâi.adj.jângâi. Gracious,patient,tolerant.
Zangieh.v. Lodge,stay over night.
Zângiena.n. Lodging.
Zasah.v. Jasah.cause to be heard.
Zâuthawng.v.zâusî. Frighten,terrify,tremble with fear.
Zaw.adv. More,much.
Zaw.conj. Pen.
Zaw.n.lawm.friend.
Zawh.v. Go along,accompany.
Zawhkhawm.v. Zawhton.go together.
Zawhton.v.zawhkhawm.go together.
Zawngkhâlna.n.weakness.
Zêhsiem.v.spread out well.
Zenzun
Zieha
Ziehin
Zion Muol.n. Mount Zion.
Zosie.adv.jousie,zousie. All of,everything.
Zotna
Zu le sa.n.meat(food) and drink.
Zu leh sa.n. Zulesa. Meat(food) and drink.
Zuchiatah
Zuchiatah.n. Strong or concentrated wine.
Zudawnna.n.of drinking wine.
Zui.n. One that which is followed or obeyed.
Zuiloupa.n. A male person who is not followed or obeyed.
Zuipa.n.a male person who is followed or obeyed.
Zu-leh-sa.n. Zu le sa,zu leh sa,zulesa,zu-le-sa. Meat(food) and drink.
Zulehsa.n. Zulesa. Meat(food) and drink.
Zulesa.n.meat(food) and drink.
Zu-le-sa.n.zu le sa,zu leh sa,zulesa,zulehsa.meat(food) and drink.
Zûltat.adj.lepcia,lepcieh,lepchie,lepchieh,zuou gawp.unfaithful,insincere.
Zûltat.v.lepcia tah a gamta,lepchie pien,lepchieh,zuou gawp.unfaithful,insincere.
Zumsuo.v. Jumsuo.put to shame.
Zumta.v. Ashamed,felt shy.
Zuning-saning.n. Best wine and meat.
Wednesday, March 12, 2008
I NAM LEH I HAM
Thulâimu (Abstract): “Ke’n ka hi le Vantung ka tun cieng, Pasien a kumtawn a phatna ka nei cieng ZOHÂM ma zang lâi vang” chi in tami thului pumpi deina a tâhlang hi. Laigieltu in hâm leh pâu khenkhat niemkiet thei a, hinanleh mangthang gige lou u’hi, achi hi. Tua ma bangin, Zokam zong tulâi nam dang leh hâm dang lienzawte’n liekhukhum thei a, Zokampâu nelsie leh mangngil zong mi om thei tham hi. Tam bang mite adi’n Zokam pen a shi bang a tuotthei ahia, hinanleh mi khenkhat a di’n Zokam pen hing gige di’a, “Vantung dong a zang ut” mi om veve hi. Hâm leh pâu kepbit mai hilou in, puophat zêl ngâi hi. Tualeh khangthu-tuonthu cheptê(teptê) leh kepbitna mun (archives) poimaw a, Zokam a, kisun pawlpi laithotte, thukizahnate, reportte, leh adg.adg., kepbitna di’n “Archives” hoitah nei dîng pen minam hâm-le-pâu kepbitna di’n kiphamaw hi.
Thuchabi (Key words): Zo mite, Pyu minam, Khamtung Gam, Khangthu Tuonthu, Muolsuong.
“ Suona dîng mun kitêl theilou, shina dîng mun kitêlthei” a ci bang un Zo i hi dîng i têl sih u’a,i hâm uh zong i têl tuon sih uhhi. Zo i hi ziehun Zohâm i zang u’hi. Ahi’âng, Zo hinapia Zohâm azang lou ahâm theilou tampi om a, a’ng tam sêmsêm lâi dîng hi. Ahângte anei ah ang guol vang. Mi ci tawm, minam mêng tampi khat minam golte kawmkâl ah kâipi suawngte(hakâi suawng kawmkâl a omte ci nopna hi a, tuabang hakâite gol theilou in phêngphanât hi) bangin om u’hi. Bangza’n tawm in nam mêng ta u’le a hâm, anam uh mangthang lou dîng hi. Ahi’âng, amanthan theina nawn lou dîng bangin a manthanna dîng uh zong lampi omthei kha dîng hi. Sim zom le ci’n thei vateh.
Kawlgam tângthu athei leh Kawlgam a, khangte’n Pyu minam thu i za ngai dîng u’hi. Amaute Kawlgam ah mi khangtou masa,mi khophawh masate hiin, alâi aham uh toh na om ngai hituawh hi. Ahi’ang tu’n amaute kimu nawnlou, a lâi uh kisin nawnlou,kizangta lou hi. Pyu mite Zo mite bang hileh tuadân in a hâm,a ngaina,a lâi uh mangthang lou dîng hi. Aziehpên, Zo mite bangin Pyu minamte’n khangthu simna, leh cieptena(teptêna) muolsuong(muawlsuawng) etc a na nei lou u’hi. Tângthu tuonthu ciemtê lou sûtlou uh hi dîng hi.
COLONIZATION LEH MINAM
AD 1500 kîm pawl in Spainte’n Lâi Siengthou leh thâuvui,thâutang zang in Philippines gam a na colonized (na uh,na huom,na luokhum) u’hi. Kum 450 A.D, banga sawt zou ciengin Japan te’n na uh kia in, a sawtlou in USAte’n na uh kia u’hi. Hun tomnou khat sung ahihângin USAte uh na ziehin Philippines mi “Filipino” te ngaina: ngaisut, lâi, hâm, nai-ngan-yi (politiks), pilna siemna ah etc, Americate dân tampi tah a zangta u’hi. Ahâng gênda vai.
Kum 500 A.D.,phiel bang Spainte’n ana uh ziehun tunidong cieng aminte uh Spainte min vive (eg. Lopez, Jose, Jesus, ‘J’ pen ‘H’ awsuo in Hesus in kisim) hi’n, ahi’âng, teng khat teng ni a kihal têi hâng, a hâm uh Spain hâm hilou Filipino hâm ‘Tagalog’ a zang u’hi. Filipinote’n colonization ziehin kumsawtpi hamsatna a thuoh hâng un, a minam,a hâm uh mansuo lou u’hi.
Aziehpên, lâisim, lâisiemte’n, a ngaina uh na ciemtê, na ât uha, apu apate un zong khangthu tuonthu, a ngainate uh na sun un, tuaciin, a hâm, a nam uh na kêmthei u’hi.
Kawlgam a, om Pyu mite bangin a lâi, a nam, a ngainate uh ciemtê lou, sût lou hi u’leh Filipinote zong mangthang zou phielta dîng u’hi. Aziehpên, Filipinote minam dangte khut sung leh uhna sunga om hi nalâi hi.
GLOBALIZATION LEH MI NAM
Globalization in sum nei, zânei ‘power & authority’ neite hauna leh thuneina akipsah sêmsêm a khansah sêmsêm hângin minam mêng leh mizawngte dîngin phattuomna tampi pelou hi. Globalization ziehin a sie tampi tah, a om hângin a hoina zong, a om sâm a, tuate minam tawmte dîngin zong, a sim cing veve hi. Globalization ziehin a pieng tampi a om sungpan ah, munkhat pan, munkhat lâlna(migration) thu gên vâi.
Globalization ziehin munkhat pan munkhat lâlna, gamkhat pan gamkhat lâlna ‘Domestic or Internal & International migration’ khang hi. Kawlgam ah, Khamtung pan in Yangon leh adang khopite ah Zo mite tampi tah, kumsiel in lâal(migrate) u’hi. Tua banga, a lâlte’n a tênna mun a, kizang hâm “ Kawl hâm” sâng, zum, zee ‘bazaar’ etc te ah zah lou uh phamaw a, tua ziehin amau hâm: Zo, Tedim, Thado, Siyang, Hakha, Falam etc hâmte, a inn sung beh u’ah kizang tabou uhhi. Akhawhpên leh a poipên in, nu leh pa tampi tahin, a inn sung nangawn u’ah a tate amau hâm toh houpita lou u’hi. Zo te deudeu uong(uawng) mama u’hi. Apienna khuo Muizâng, Lamthang, Lungtah, Gamngâi, Gêlzâng, Bumzâng, Khodâi etc, lahpan Tedim,Tonzâng ah lâl in, kumsawm bang, a sawt zou ciengin a tate un Zohâm thei nawnlou, hâmthei nawnlou tazen! A inn sung u’ah Tedim hâm kizang tazen hi’ei ! Liang aw ei! . Pawlkhatte’n Zo a hina nangawn uh zumpi ta valong! Mawk zawzen phial aw!
Khamtung gam a, têng Zo mite beh lâl hilou in leitung mun tuomtuom pan minam tampi tah gamdang ah kumsiel in “lou nouna leh tuidam zâng” sui in kilâl hi. Tua bang mite’n a tuntun na u’ah a hâm, a ngaina leh a nam uh hânciem tah a, a kep sih uha, a sin sih uh leh, a zekâi pên a, khang thumnate’n a hâm,a ngaina, a lâite uh thei nawnlou dîng u’hi. A’ng piengthei dîng gênna hilou in, tumama a, pieng thu ahi.
Rev. Dr. Stephen Hre Kio, Hakha mi, Kawlgam a khang, United Bible Society ah kum tampi sêm in Guam, USA ah kumsawt simsim a omta hi. A innvengte, a mêltheite, Hakha ci gênthada, Kawlmi zong om lou a, a tate minam dang kawmkâl ah khangtou u’hi. Tuaziehin, “ ka inn sung u’ah ahithei bangin Hakha hâm zahdîng ka hânciem uha, adeudeu in nipi khat in, ni khat hâmdang zang lou in Hakha hâm beh zahdîng dân ‘rule’ ka nei u’a, tuaziehin, ka tate’n Hakha hâm thei hi” ci ngai hi. Tuaziehin, Kawlgam Vâigam pan “lou nouna leh tuidam zâng” sui a, lalte’n limtah leh hânciem tah, kicientah ma a, i ngaina, i lâite, i sin i kep sih uh leh, khang thumnate’n i ngaina, i hâmte thei nawnlou dîng u’a, a tunna gammi suoh ding a, hânciem hâng un, Identity Card beh nga dîngin, mundang gamdang pan a, pêmta leh lâl a hina uh a tunna gammite’n mangngil ngai lou dîng u’a, mi bawl lou bân ah, simmawna ci tuomtuom leh etngiemna ci tuomtuom thuoh lâi dîng u’hi.
Upmaw thugên hilou a, a zalên pên leh a suohta pên gam a, kigên USA a, tung Asiante leh Africante’n tumama in,kumpi zum, nasepna zum leh company leh sâng lah ah, nisim in a thuoh uhhi.
Tuaziehin, globalization zieha hi’n zong, “lou nouna leh tuidam zâng” suina zieha pêmtatna leh lâlna ang tam sêmsêm leh tu zou kum 150 pawl cieng i hâm a zang mi a’ng tawm sêmsêm dînga, ahi’âng mangthang tuon lou dîng hi.
HÂM KIZAWITAWN ‘ KI NÂI’ PAWL KHAT
Leitung minam tampi tahin, ‘father’= pa i ci ciet uha, Zo mi Roman Catholic pawlpite’n pên Topa or topa ci uha, ‘pa’ ci veve sâm u’hi. Akhietna akibah bân ah, a awsuo zong kibang hi. Lungluthuoi. Kawlgam leh Indiagam a, têng khamtungmi ‘singtângmite’n’ ‘noun’ ‘adverb’ or ‘adjective’ a kibang in in i zang u’hi. Gêntêna’n: inn, lou, voh, thâu, hoi, sia, sie, san, sa, etc. Tamte ziehin lungpi cing khâi ciet in, kithukhat zou dîng uh hilei, Khamtung ‘singtângmite’ hâm pên zah ngiem dîng hâm ‘common language’ in bawlthei nadîng lampi om kha dîng hi.
Ahi’âng,kammal kitâng i nei hâng un, a vehpi’n(a unpi’n), kibang siengta cina hilou a, tua i kibah louna tawmnou khat in, kum bangza ei, khat eima hâm ciet: Zo, Tedim, Thado, Siyang, Hakha, Falam etc, i zang u’hi. Bangtan zang lâi dîng koima tungah akinga sih a,nangma tungah kinga ahi. Ke’n ka hi leh, Vantung ka tun cieng, Pasien a, kumtawn aphatna ka nei cieng ZOHÂM ma zang lâi vang!. Mi pawlkhat in a hâm uh, ang zang nawnta sih dîng u’a, ahi’âng khenkhat in ang cîng, ang kêm, ang puo in, ang zang siem mama dîng u’hi. A hâm a zah uh, ang ângtang lâi dîng u’hi. Kum bang hunlâi ei, khat in Kawl gam “Myanmar” a kizang Pyu hâm tu’n a kizahtâhlou, a minam nangawn a kimuthei tâhlou hângin, tuhun 21st Century ah minam khat, hâm khat mawh dîng hi. Aziehpên Pyute hunlâi bangin tulai minamte’n a minam ‘thu’ ciemtê lou, kêm lou,zang lou in a om sih u’hi.
Zo mite deudeu adîngin patâu a huoi lou zie! Bangzieh lah? I khangthu i tuonthu uh tampi khat toh, i sûtthei u’a, cieptêna zong i nei u’hi. I hâm uh toh Lai Siengthou, Labute i nei u’a, tangthu tuont te nei in, tuate ‘i khuo nangawn u’ah’, cieptêna(teptêna) nei ci lei, minam gol leh minam tam, a khangtoute’n cieptêna neita valeh, mâven! Tuaziehin bangzieha, tuate hâm tuhun 21st Century hun ah mawh man nawn dîng lah?
LÂI SIENGTHOU LEH HÂM
Hebrew hâm toh Pasien kammal ‘Lâi Siengthou’ na kigiel masa hi. Ahâng tampi , a om dîngte lah ah, khat gên lei, Hebrew ‘Hebia’ hâm toh Lâi Siengthou a na ki-ât hunlâi in, Hebia mite za a khangtou, minam dang omlou a, amauh hâm minamdangte’n zong thei u’hi. Kum bangza e, zaw khat cieng Lâi Siengthou Greek hâm toh kitei kia hi. Ahâng dîng lah ah, khatbêh ma gên lei, Greekte khantou hunlâitah in,amau banga khangtou, vângnei, thunei minam dang na omlou a, tuaziehin, pilna, siemna, sinna, sumsuina, nai-ngan-yi (politiks) etc, te gênna dîngin Greek hâm mi nam bup ci phiel in, na thei hituoh hi. Topa Jesu’n Aramic hâm toh thu a nagên vângin Greek lâi toh na kiciemtê hi. Tuazou kum bangza zou ciengin, Mânghâm(English) toh King James Lai Siengthou ang kiteikia(kisunkia) a, tuahun Englandte khantou dân leh thuneidân i sim ciet u’a, i thei ciet dîng un zong ka um hi.
Lâi Siengthou sângnaupang leh shiete ci, sim lou minamdangte’n Hebia hâm leh Greek hâm toh Lâi Siengthou, a sim tâh lou, a et tâh lou hângin Hebia hâm leh Greek hâm mangthang nâi tuom tuon lou hi. Nidang za in,minam dangte’n zangta lou, theitalou cina beh ahi. Amau hâm ahi ziehin, a gam a, omte’n a zah beh tham lou, mundang a omte’n zong tudong cieng ma a hâm uh zangin a ngaina uh mansuo tuom tuon lou u’hi.
Hunkhat lâi in, Tedim kuol a, têng minam bup: Zo, Thado, Tedim, Siyang etc te adîngin Tedim hâm toh Lâi Siangtho na kitei a, tu’n Zo, Thado leh Sizângte’n zong amauh hâm ciet toh Lâi Siengthou a nei tâh hâng un Tedim hâm mangthang dehsuawi lou hi. Tualâi innpipa hâm ‘Teizang’ hâm lien toh Lai Siang Tho a na kitei lou hângin innpipa hâm toh a kinâipen leh a kizawitawn pen Tedim hâm toh Lai Siang Tho a na kitei pên Pasien gêlna khat om dîng hi.
Bang toh kibang e, i ci leh, Khamtung gam Zo mite’n Dawi biehna leh pupa ngaina biehna, pâina nuasie in, Pasien a bieh na dîngun Pu. Pau Cin Hau innpite tapa khat in, a na gên pên Pasien gêlna gol mama khat hi. Innpite sungpan a na hilou a, minam dang ; Zo, Thado, Siyang, etc,te sungpan khat in, a na gên meimou pouma taleh, pen amapa pen nuomtuol kituonsah hetlou dîng hiven maw!
PASIEN in, A kammal leh A thu mi nam mêng, mite theiphâhlou leh phawhloute nangawn in, a theithei, a zâh thei nadîng leh leitung bup ah AMA thu a kizelthei nadîngin minam khat hâm a na zang hi, ci ka um hi. Tua, a zah kam leh hâm, lâite tua hunlâi in, a mun a muol ah, a kilimzahte nahi, hamtang hi.
THUKHUPNA
Na hâm, na kam mang ngai nawnlou dînga, hinanleh, nang leh na innkuonte’n na zah sih a, na thei sih leh, nou'a dîngin a mangthang toh ang kibang dîng hi. Mi pawlkhat in Vântung a tun ciengun,a kumtawn a Pasien phatna a nei ciengun a hâm uh ang zang dîng uhhi. Nang leh na innkuonpite’n bang hâm na zang dîng vuoi?
Laigielpa:
Hang Do Lien(2004)
M.Div;Th.M (Religious Studies, thesis)South East Graduate School of Theology,Philippines,
Th.M (Christian Ethics, candidate),Youngnam Theological College & Seminary, Republic of Korea.
ZOKAM [ZOHAM]
AD 850 kiim in ‘ZOHAM’ kizang zou hi. Kawlgam sunga minamte toh kisai akantel ahi, Professor G.H. Luce in, ‘Tibeto-Burman i ci vangin ataang zah uh kamham(common language) pen Chin,Kachin khatzawh ahisihleh tuagel kigawm hithei ding hi.” ci’n ana gen ngai hi. Atheihuoi thu panin Chin akicite sungah Kachinte toh kamham akitamsut(akibangtam) penpen ‘Zo’ te i hihi.Mellesa,kam ham omzie a kipan Chin le Kachin uta i hi tahpi leh akikal a kizopna(link) anai penpen Zote ihi thei ding hi. Zote i tangthu,i ngaina i kamhamte kantel leih AD 850 kiim in Zoham kizang zou hi cithu kimuthei hi.
ZOHÂM LEH HÂM DANGTE:
Zo,Meitei,Lushei/Mizo,Thado-Kuki,Tedim-Chin hâmte sunga thuteng kibangte: Zohâm pên Tibeto-Burman hâmpawlte laha khat ahi. Tibeto-Burman laha zong Kuki-Chin hâmpawl(group of language) ahi sawn hi. Tuate laha apat Northern Chin hâmpawl in akisimsuhkia hi. Tam hâmte khu atangpiin, ophawi/okaidan(phon
-etics) zui ngen ahi sim u’a tuachiin kamsuisiemite’n(linguists) Tonal Language
[osuokam] chiin athei uhhi. Zoham in okaihâm ahilouleh osuohâm kichi ahi. Tuamabangin Zohâm zong ophawi/okaidân toh kizawitawn ngitnget ahijiehin Tonal language ahi.
Kamsuisiemte’n hâm tuomtuomte; Zohâm,Thadou hâm,Lushei hâm,Tedim hâm, Paite hâm,Simte hâm,Meitei hâm leh adgdgte pên hâmbulpi khat apata hing piengkhie leh lêngkhie ahi achi uhhi. Meitei hâm leh Lushei hâm,Thado-Kuki hâm, Tedim-Chin hâm,Paite hâm enlei Zohâm sunga thutengte toh kibangchet thutengte tampi a om veve hi.
Etsahnate:-
Zo Meitei Lusei Thado Tedim Paite Mângkam
[Mizo] (Kuki) (Chin) (English)
Gam lam ram gam gam gam land
Gu saru ruh gu guh guh bone
Guh taruk paruk gup guk guk/gup six
Inn yum/im inn inn inn inn house
Kêng khawng ke keng khe khe feet
Khut khut kut khut khut khut hand
Kum kum kum kum kum kum year,descend
Lam lam zawh/lam lam lam lam road
Lei lei lei lei lei lei earth,tongue
Li mari pali li li li four
Lou lou lo lou lo lou field
Mâi mai mai mai mai mai face
Mei mei mei mei mei mei fire
Mi mi mi mi mi mi man
Mit mit mit mit mit mit eye
Zo Meitei Lusei Thado Tedim Paite Mângkam
[Mizo] (Kuki) (Chin) (English)
Ni ani pani ni ni ni two
Nga manga panga nga nga nga five
Ngasa nga sa nga nga nga nga fish
Pa pa pa pa pa pa father
Pu pu pu pu pu pu grandfather
Sa sa sa sa sa sa meat
Shi shi thi thi si shi die,dead
Ta cha fa cha ta ta offspring
Vun vun vun vun vun vun skin
Zun zun zun zun zun zun urine
ZOHÂM KIHLENDÂN:- Hâm khat poupou khu ahun dungjuiin akihengthei let a,tualeh akhanglien thei hi.Hâm khat kihendân leh khanletdân tana anei ate jieh ahi:
(a)Tênna leh tawndân apata Hâm kihlendân;thuteng kikhêldân leh Akihengte: Hâm hasa apatin hâm bailam ah akiheng zêl hi. Hâm khat sunga athutengte khu abailamlam in akiheng zêl hi. Ahasa apatin abailam manaw in hâm akiheng zêl a, tuachiin asawt chiengin hâm tuomdeu khat ahing suohthei zel hi. Hâm kichi khu mihing pawl khat hing pienkhietdân tângthu leh tawndân chite dungjuia hing piengkhie ahi hi. Hâm kibang mihing pawl ahing kikhenkhah chiengun mun tuomtuom ah ahing têngta u’a, hunsawtpi ahing kivei chiengin akamtengte,athutengte,akammalte uh pawlkhat ahilouleh anempi ahing kiheng zêl hi. Tuachi dânin hâm tuomdeu khat hing pieng thei let ahi. Akhangkhang in hâm pên akiheng leh akikhêl let ahi. Kammal(syllable) pawlkhat ateng khat kipâi, ateng khat kihleng,kizeplut, ateng khat kibelap ahilouleh ateng ni kipâidoh chite ana um let a, tu’n zong a um nalâi dîng hi. Tabanga thuteng kihengte khu Akihengte/akihlengte akichi hi. Mangkam in lnflections kichi ahi.
Etsahna in; Thuteng suoh ah laiteng ‘h’ akipai a ‘suo’ asuoh hi,suoh—>suo; thuteng ‘suh’ ah laiteng ‘h’ khu ‘k’ in akiheng a ‘suk’ asuoh hi,suh—>suk; thuteng ‘uh’ ah laiteng ‘v’ kibelap ‘vuh’ asuoh hi, uh—>vuh; thuteng ‘hing’ ah laiteng ‘g’ akipai a ‘hin’ asuoh hi, hing—>hin; ka kan dîng—>ka kang dîng, kan bân ah laiteng ‘g’ kibelap a kan—>kang dîng; asuoh hi.
Zohâm sungah ‘Akihlengte’ nempi akijang nalâi hi.Simte hâm,Tedim hâm,Paite hâm sungah akihengte tampi akijangta sih hi.
Etsahna; Zohâm a; nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ apata minlawna akisiem chiengin ‘g’ akipaikhie a ‘na’ ahisihleh ‘dan’ khu atawpna ah akikoi a, tuachiin minlawna ‘panna’, ‘pandân’ ahing suoh hi. Simte hâm sungah ‘g’ akipâidoh sih a, nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ ma akizang a minlawna[noun] akisiem chiengin ‘pangna’ pangdân ma in akizang hi. Tabangin,Simte hâm thuteng tampite in kihenna anei sih uhhi.
Etsahna in Simte ham a thuteng kihengloute pawlkhat tam anei bang ahi: Simte hâm:- kangna, tungna, lengna, sangna, hongna, mangna leh adangdang(adgdg). Tam atunga thutengte Zo hâm in anei a bangin akiheng zêl uhhi: Kanna,tuna,lenna,sanna,honna leh adangdang Zo ham apata Simte hâm thuteng suohdoh leh kiheng pawlkhatte: hing—>hung;ka’ng—>ku’ng;vang—>ning;mah—>maw;sihva—>si; vai—>ni, uh amah—>uvam; uoi—>viei leh adgdgte tampi a um nalai hi. Akihengte atam ziehin Zokam[Zohâm] hasa mama akisa chiet hi. Lushei hâm,Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte atawm mama hi. Tuajiehin tam hâmte pên Zohâm sângin atheinop leh atheibaijaw hi. Tawndânte pên abailam apatin ahasa lam ah aluttoutou zêl hi. Ahivangin,hâm pên ahasa apatin abailam lam anawtjaw hi. Hâm pawlkhat sungah thuteng akihen chiengin akibang in akibânhen let uhhi. Zohâm sungah tunai apeisa kum 30-40 sung maimai in zong akihengte tampi apiengkheta hi;
Etsahna in:- tanah—>hiah; khunah—>huah; tam—>hi; tami—>himi; uh—>vuh; hing—>ang; hang—>hing; ing—>ung; kung—>kang; ku’ng—>k’ang; nung—>nang;amah—>amaw ; izaw(izo)—>i leh adgdgte ahi. Lushei hâm,Sizang hâm,Tedim hâm,Simte hâm,Paite hâm chite lah ah Zohâm thuteng tampite ana kizeplut hi. Tuamabangin Zohâm sungah zong hâm tuomtuomte thutengte ahing kizeplut thei zêl hi.
Kum tampi apata mihing pawlte ana kijopkhawm tâhlou jiehin ham tuomtuom dânin ana kingaituo leng hi.
(b )Lâigieldân ziehin hâm akihengthei hi. Tualâi hun in, Lâigieldân jiehin thutengte/kamtengte zong akiheng lamdang deudeuta hi. Tunidongin,Mikâng missionaryte lâigieldân ahingpieh pên uh ‘I sumkuon chiengpê nalai u’a’ tualeh i pomkip jiehun tuniin i thutengte uh tampi akiheng sieng gawpta hi. I chisa mabang un Zohâm pên osuohâm ahi hi. I kam u’a, i ginsah uh atuomdeu a, i khut a i gieldoh uh, atuomdeu in akilangta hi. I kam a, i lawdoh(gêndoh) thuteng/kamteng ging leh i khut u’a, i gielkhiet uh thuteng tampi akibangta sih hi. Zohâm a kammal ‘uo’ pen Tedim hâm in kammal ‘ua’ dânin akijang hi. Tuachiin zong kammal ‘uoh’ pên Tedim hâm in kammal ‘uak’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a ‘suoh’ thuteng khu Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘suak’ dânin ana kigingsah a,Lushei hâm in ‘chhuak’ in akigiel a,Hmar hâm in ‘chhuok’ chi’n akigiel a,tualeh akilou zêl hi. Tuachiin, Zohâm apata—>Tedim hâm a, thutengte kihendân tambang ahi;
huo—>hua, zuopa—>zuapa,suoh—>suak,tuoh—>tuak,thuoh—>thuak,puoh—>puak kuom>kuam, nuom—>nuam, luong—>luang,suong—>suang,tuol—>tual, muon—>muan, suo—>suan,tuon—>tuan, kuong—>kuang,puong—>puang leh adgdgte asuoh hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ‘’ ch” pên Tedim hâm in ‘c’ ahia, ch—>c. Hinanleh Kawlgam Zote’n ‘c’ ma azang denta uhhi. Zohâm a kammal ‘ie’ pên Tedim/Paite hâm in kammal ‘ia’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a thuteng ‘lien’ khu Tedim/Paite/Simte hâm in ‘lian’ chiin akigiel a,’li+an’ chiin akigingsah hi.
Etsahna in; Upa khat in thuteng khat; ‘chieng’ achi chiengin ‘chi’+eng’ ma in a ophawi agingsah nalâilâi hi. Ahivangin, agiel chiengin ‘chiang’ chi in agiellet hi. Tami in ‘chi+ang’ chi in ophawi agingsah hi. Tuachiin sangnaupangte’n sanglai sungah ahing zil chiengun ‘chieng’ chia lam ding hinapi’n akawilam in ‘chiang’ chiin asimsah u’a tuachiin, a’ng hâm chiengun ‘chi+ang’ chiin alouta(gingsah) let uhhi. Tachibangin, thuteng/kamteng tampi lâigieldân jiehin akilheng lamdanga, Zohâm ophawi gil nempite ana kilheng siengta hi. Tabanga,thuteng kiheng lamdangte enta lei khun; Simte hâm,Tedim hâm,Paite hâm sungah atam dieh hi. Simte hâm sungah Zohâm apata akila thuteng kitheichien khat ahileh ‘diei’ ahi, tami ‘di+ei’ ophawi a, ging pên khu ‘diai’ chiin akigiel a, tuachiin akilaw chiengin ‘di+ai’ chiin akigingsah a, akilou let hi.
Tuachiin,Zohâm a thutengte ‘chie,chien,chieng,chiet,kie,khie,lie,lien, lieng,nien,nieng, phiengsan,pien, pieng,sie,sien,sieng,siel,siem,siet,sietna chite khu
Paite hâm leh Simte hâm in ‘chia,chian,chiang,chiat,kia,khia,lia,lian, liang,nian,niang phiangsan, pian,piang,sia,sian,siang,sial,siam,siat,siatna asuoh a,
Tedim hâm in ‘cia, cian, ciang, ciat, kia, khia,lia,lian,liang,nian,niang, phiangsan,pian,piang,sia,sian,siang,sial,siam,siat,siatna chite asuoh kia leuleu hi.
Thado-Kuki hâm in ‘tia,chên, têng, chet, khe ,khe, le, lên, lêng, nên, nêng, pên, pêng, se, thên, thêng,sel,thêm, set,setna asuoh uhhi.
Zo tehsete toh ka kihoulim chiengin a osuo/ophawidân hoitahin ka ngaichien zêl hi. Atangpiin têhsete osuo/ophawidân(phonetics) apatin ‘ua’ leh ‘ia’ sângin ‘uo’ leh ‘ie’ gindân apawtjaw leh aluongjaw in ka theithei hi. Zohâm a sie pên Tedim hâm in sia chiin akigiel a,Zo ham a sietna—>Tedim hâm in siatna chiin akigiel a,Zohâm a sieng—>Tedim hâm in siang chiin akigiel a,Zohâm a seta->Tedim hâm in siata chiin akigiel a, pie—>pia chiin akigiel a, peta—>piata chiin in akigiel a, peding—>piading chi in akigiel a akilou a,kigingsah uhhi. Zoham a ‘pia’ khu Mangkam in letdoh leh ‘move’ china ahibou hi. Tam pên lâigieldân maimai jieha,thuteng tuomdân hing suoh ahibou a,tualeh akibanglou dânin a’ng kigêlta hi. Tambang thuteng pienkhietna pên lâigieldân jieh maimai ahibou a,tuachiin kum tampi jouin atuom dânin ahing kipomdohta hi.
(c)Kum sawtpi kidaitha,kikhenna,kichimatlouna ziehin hâm kihengthei tualeh atuomdeu piengthei hi. Mihing pawl kibahpite toh kichimatlouna jieh,kidâithana jieh,tênna munte kibahtâhlou zieh,tênna gamlât jieh,mun leh muol opdân kibahlou jieh, ahilouleh midangte toh kichimattuona jiehin zong hâm adanglamthei mawh hi. Kihoutuona leh kikhenna asawttâh ziehin kumtampi kikamtuo nawlouta ziehin hâmtuom ahing lêngkhethei hi.
Mexico gam a Spanish khotaneu khat sunga amite hâm khu Latin toh akibang sim nalâi a,ahivangin Latin hâm tahtah lah hituonlou,nanleh Latin thuteng tampi amaute hâm sung ah azeplut u’a azang nalâi uhhi. Kum sawtpi mihing apawl kibahpite toh akichimattuo tâhlou ziehun amaute lahah hâmtuom khat apieng a,tuachiin hâmdang khat nei asuoh uhhi. Hinanleh,amaute hâm sungah Latin thuteng lui tampi atel veve hi.
Zo hâm sunga thutengte tam,tami,tanah khu hi,himi,hiai,hiah,chite khu kum 300-500 (zathum-zanga) masang tuom a ana kiheng hidînga gintâthuoi ahi. Tuachiin; hang khu—>an,hing,hong,hung, a ana kiheng hidîng dâna gintât ahi. Thuteng hang sunga h leh g lâitengte akipaikhiet leh ‘an’ suoh hi. Tami thuteng ‘an’ pên Lushei hâm thuteng ahia, tapên hang,hing,hong,hung china toh kibang veve dân a kisimthei ahi hi. Zo hâm sunga thuteng ‘sih’ khu hih,suh, kei a ana kiheng hidînga gintathuoi ahi. Zohâm a lâiteng ‘s’ ahilouleh ‘t’ khu ana kihengkha a,Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘chh’ in gindân in ana kigingsahta hi. Tuachiin, ‘suoh’ khu ‘chhuok[chhuak]’ asuohta a, ‘tou’ pên chho[chhou] asuohta hi.
Zohâm sunga lâiteng ‘g’ khu Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘r’ gindân in ana kigingsah hi. Tuachiin thuteng ‘gou[go]’ chipên ‘rou[ro] chiin akigingsah hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ‘s’ ‘sh’ gindân khu Lushei/Hmar hâm ah ‘th’ gindan in akigingsahta a,tuachiin thuteng ‘sing’ khu ‘thing’ asuohta hi. Tabangma in Zohâm a lâitengte ‘s,sh’ khu Thadou-Kuki hâm in ‘th’ ahilouleh ‘h’ gindânin akigingsah a, tuachiin ‘sing’ khu ‘thing’ chiin akilou a; tualeh ‘sih’ khu ‘hih’ chiin zong akigingsah hi. Lushei hâm leh Tedim hâm,Simte hâm,Paite hâm sungah thuteng tawpna lamah nâhkuogin ‘h’ khu akihâman mama hi. Zohâm a tha(new) khu Simte/Thadou hâm in ‘thah’ chiin akigiel a, tualeh akilou a, Hmar leh Lushei ham sungah ‘thar’ chi’n akigiel a akilou let hi. Tuachiin Zo hâm a thuteng dei —>khu Tedim/Paite /Simte hâm in deih asuoh a, kai—>kaih asuoh a,dai—>daih asuoh a,thei—>theih asuoh a,ngil—>ngilh asuoh a,hil—>hilh asuoh a,mama—>mahmah asuoh a,ngai—>ngaih asuoh a, tualeh leh adgdgte zong a om hi. Tualeh,Zohâm a thutengte; ‘mun,ngal,mal,ngil’chite khu Luseihâm(Mizo) in ‘hmun,nghal,hmar,nghil’ asuohhi. Oging(vowel) ‘i’ khu oging ‘u’ in akihengtuo uhhi. Tuachiin,Zo hâm a ‘sih’ khu Lushei hâm in’suh’ asuoh hi. Tuachiin; hing—>hung a’ng suoh hi. Oging ‘a’ khu oging ‘i,o,u’ in akihengtuo u’a tuachiin; thuteng hang khu—>hing,hong,hung, suoh zel ahi. Zohâm a odâi(consonant) lâiteng ‘h’ pouma a, tawpte pên Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘k’ ah atawp zêl hi. Alelam zong ahithei veve hi.Tuachiin,mah—>mak,lah—>1ak, pah—>pak,sah—>sak, tah—>tak,suoh—>suok,tuoh—>tuok,thuoh—>thuok,puoh—>puok, suh—>suk,tuh—>tuk, thuh—>thuk asuoh hi. Tahaw pên tênna gamlât jieh,kum tampi ana kichimattuo tâhloujieh u’a hichi banga hâm ogindân tuom hing piengdoh ahibou hi. Zohâm zang mihing pawlte lah ah zong atênna uh ana kibahtâh lou ziehun ahâmteng/kamteng/thutengte uh ana kiheng manta hi.
(d)Hâm kihlen mihing ngaina Mihingte’n atênna khuo leh tui hâm azui u’a athei sawm uhhi. Tami khu mihing piendân ngaina ahi. Akhuo-leh-tuite’n apomthei nadîngin tua khomite hâmdân athaw u’a azui zêl uhhi. Etsahna in; Zopa khat Tedim hâm ahilouleh Paite hâm ahisihleh Simte hâm na khuo khat ah vatêng taleh tua khomite pomthei nadîngin tuapa khu akhomite(amaute) hâm dândânin ahâmsawm dînga,athaw dînga tuachiin kum tampi nua chiengin khum khomite hâm azui a,tualeh apomta dînga, ama hâm apâita ding hi. Nanleh, ama hâmlui sunga thuteng tampi ahing polut dînga tuachiin hâmtha azangta dîng hi. Tua khomite hâm sunga thuteng kibelap sawn asuoh hi. Tuachiin awl-awlnou in kum tampi ahing kiveijou chiengin hâmtha khat ahing piengkheta dînga tualeh ama hâmlui toh kibang sênglou khat ahing piengkhie hi. Ahilouleh, hâmtha vilvel khat apiengkhethei hi.
Zohâm apata hâm tuomtuomte;Tedim,Paite,Simte,Vaiphei,Gangte,
Thangkhâl,Khuongnung chite leh adgdgte hing piengkhie hiva chithu upate’n agintât uh thute agên zê uhhi. Nam khat hâm sunga thutengte akithejâh a,tuachia hâm kinâi namte pawl lah ah zah in ahing umthei hi. Theiloukâl in, mihingte’n angâisâng mihing pawlkhatte piendân hâmdân leh a tawndân uh dangdangte ana mêlchi u’a tualeh azuisawm uhhi. Thutengte pawlkhat khu akingâisângte apatin akawm zêl uhhi. Tuachiin,Lushei hâm a thuteng kikawm khat ahileh ‘fel’ ahia, Zohâm in ‘taima’ china ahi. Tuachiin nichin hâmzah in amangta uhhi. Tuamabangin,tawmngaina,mangai,chanchin,theibufai,chawm,chang,changkang,
manmaw,maw,fuh chite ahing kikawmta a, nichin âm na u’ah azang zêl ta uhhi. Tuachiin Zohâm thutengte apung sêmsêm hi. Zohâm apatin hâm dangdangte in nal leh hoi asah uh thutengte akawm u’a amahaw’a bangin azang let uhhi. Etsahna in; sengseng, diei,dieldiel,vawi,kalaisai chite ahi.
Zohâm kizahdân Namkai,Gamkai,Khokai,Vêngkai, hâmneute(dialects) chituomtuom a om hi.Hâmzahdân chi tuomtuom a um hi. Kammal leh thuteng kibang himananleh akhietna leh akawmu tuomtuom a omthei thou hi. Hâm zattuomdân leh kibahlouna Zo minam khat chikhat zat khat sungah zong a omthei veve hi. Khatveivei leh agamgi akitheikhen tuon sihhi. Okaidân tuomtuom a om a,tuate dungzuiin hâmzahdân akitheithei pan hi. Asâng,angiem,a ul,atoukai,khiehsuh,tanggen, hâmkhau,hâmnem, chite a um guol hi. Zohâm khu osuohâm ahiziehin asâukai/sâulam, atomlam/atomkai, akhiehsuh, atoukai thutengte/kamtengte aum hi. Tawndân kibang sung khat ah zong pawl khatte’n hâm tuomdeu hâmneute azang uhhi. Hâm apatin mi vêng, mi nam, mi khuo mi hina mi hing puona chite akitheithei hi.
Hâm khat sunga patin zong hâmzahdân tuomtuom leh hâmneute a um a, tuate apatin; Ama;Sugnute,Singtomte,Singngatte,Phaitute,Gamngaite, Tonzangte,Khodaite,Kanante,Anlunte, Behiengte,Hiengtamte,Khaukuolte leh adangdang, chiin akikhenthei nalâi ahi. Khuo leh khuo hâm sungah zong thutengte a unpi in akibang siengta sih hi. Khokhat sungah hâmteleu(colloquial),hâmleng
(slang word), hâmsawi(pidgin),hâmneu(dialect) chite a om thei veve hi. Zo sungah zong ama Hâidawi hâm a hâm, ama Thangkhâl hâm a hâm, ama Khuongnung hâm a hâm, ama Khodâi hâm a hâm chite a omthei veve hi. Tuachiin Lamka Zo, Gunpang Zo, Sugnu Zo,Singngat Zo,Tonjang Zo,Kawlgam Zo chite hâmpawl(dialectical group) tuomtuom umdân in akilangsah hi. Himalehzong, Zou hâm kibang tângpi khat a om a, khum thutengte’n nam khathina leh tawndânte akêmbit a,tuachiin hâmdangte’n akivaltumsah sih uhhi. Atangpiin, guollui hâm leh hâm-upa te’n hâmbul thutengte akêmbit u’a ahina uh leh atawndân uh asuhing uhhi. Atangpiin,enta lei, tunidongin Zo sungah hâm zahdân akibang diemdiem veve nalâi hi. Zolate enkia lei hâm thakhat hidân akilang sêm hi.
Zohâm zahdân tuomtuomte leh Zohâm thuteng kibanglou hinanleh akhietna kibang pawlkhat en vai: Topa,tunou,tami,tam,tan,tanah,pâh:-Sugnu leh Gunpang suhlangte’n,hinanleh, mi pawikhattte’n ‘Mangpa,belam’ zong azang panta veve uhhi. Mangpa,belam,hi,himi,hiah,kawt:Singngat tangtou leh Lamka lamte’n azang uh hi. Sugnu langte’n tami,tam,tana,tanah,izaw,i,om,ahikhu,akhula chite atangpiin azang let uhhi. Lamka lamte’n hi,hiah,huah,maw,mawleh,um,avele,ave chite azang let uha,hinanleh thu-leh-late agiel chiengun tam,tami,tana,tanah thutengte azang veve uhhi. Sugnu langte’n ‘ei panpi in ‘ achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’m ‘hing/hung panpi in’ achi zêl uhhi. Sugnu langte’n ‘nei hu diei? achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’n ‘nang hu diei?. Kinousietnate zong aunpi in, akibang kim sihhi. Sugnu langte’n na ngap ei ? achi u’a,Lamka lamte’n: na ut maw? achi uhhi. Sugnu langte’n kikhutsa vai achi let u’a Lamka lamte’n kichibai vâi achi zêl uhhi. Lamka lamte’n ‘na dam zêl maw’ ahisihleh ‘na dam zêl ei’ achi leng uhhi. Lamka lamte’n ‘hing’ sângin ‘hung’ ahâzah zaw uhhi. Hing leh dam thutengte kawmu akibang a lamka lamte theidan in ‘shilou’ china ahi. Etsahna in; ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun na pa ahing na’i china ahi. Sugnu langte theidanin ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun ‘Na pa ahat na’i ? china tobangin akizang hi. Tualeh natna neilou lampang toh kisai in akizang hi.
Tualeh, Zohâm a, ophawi osuote bangin hâmdangte in thutengte anei sih uhhi. Zohâm a, osiesuo agildân ahuoisietdân pên hâmdang khata osie agildân leh ahuoisietdânte akibangthei mawngmawng sih hi. Osiehâm zong agamkai,vêng,khuo kaidân dungzuiin akibangkim sih hi.
-Philip ThangLienMang
ZOHÂM LEH HÂM DANGTE:
Zo,Meitei,Lushei/Mizo,Thado-Kuki,Tedim-Chin hâmte sunga thuteng kibangte: Zohâm pên Tibeto-Burman hâmpawlte laha khat ahi. Tibeto-Burman laha zong Kuki-Chin hâmpawl(group of language) ahi sawn hi. Tuate laha apat Northern Chin hâmpawl in akisimsuhkia hi. Tam hâmte khu atangpiin, ophawi/okaidan(phon
-etics) zui ngen ahi sim u’a tuachiin kamsuisiemite’n(linguists) Tonal Language
[osuokam] chiin athei uhhi. Zoham in okaihâm ahilouleh osuohâm kichi ahi. Tuamabangin Zohâm zong ophawi/okaidân toh kizawitawn ngitnget ahijiehin Tonal language ahi.
Kamsuisiemte’n hâm tuomtuomte; Zohâm,Thadou hâm,Lushei hâm,Tedim hâm, Paite hâm,Simte hâm,Meitei hâm leh adgdgte pên hâmbulpi khat apata hing piengkhie leh lêngkhie ahi achi uhhi. Meitei hâm leh Lushei hâm,Thado-Kuki hâm, Tedim-Chin hâm,Paite hâm enlei Zohâm sunga thutengte toh kibangchet thutengte tampi a om veve hi.
Etsahnate:-
Zo Meitei Lusei Thado Tedim Paite Mângkam
[Mizo] (Kuki) (Chin) (English)
Gam lam ram gam gam gam land
Gu saru ruh gu guh guh bone
Guh taruk paruk gup guk guk/gup six
Inn yum/im inn inn inn inn house
Kêng khawng ke keng khe khe feet
Khut khut kut khut khut khut hand
Kum kum kum kum kum kum year,descend
Lam lam zawh/lam lam lam lam road
Lei lei lei lei lei lei earth,tongue
Li mari pali li li li four
Lou lou lo lou lo lou field
Mâi mai mai mai mai mai face
Mei mei mei mei mei mei fire
Mi mi mi mi mi mi man
Mit mit mit mit mit mit eye
Zo Meitei Lusei Thado Tedim Paite Mângkam
[Mizo] (Kuki) (Chin) (English)
Ni ani pani ni ni ni two
Nga manga panga nga nga nga five
Ngasa nga sa nga nga nga nga fish
Pa pa pa pa pa pa father
Pu pu pu pu pu pu grandfather
Sa sa sa sa sa sa meat
Shi shi thi thi si shi die,dead
Ta cha fa cha ta ta offspring
Vun vun vun vun vun vun skin
Zun zun zun zun zun zun urine
ZOHÂM KIHLENDÂN:- Hâm khat poupou khu ahun dungjuiin akihengthei let a,tualeh akhanglien thei hi.Hâm khat kihendân leh khanletdân tana anei ate jieh ahi:
(a)Tênna leh tawndân apata Hâm kihlendân;thuteng kikhêldân leh Akihengte: Hâm hasa apatin hâm bailam ah akiheng zêl hi. Hâm khat sunga athutengte khu abailamlam in akiheng zêl hi. Ahasa apatin abailam manaw in hâm akiheng zêl a, tuachiin asawt chiengin hâm tuomdeu khat ahing suohthei zel hi. Hâm kichi khu mihing pawl khat hing pienkhietdân tângthu leh tawndân chite dungjuia hing piengkhie ahi hi. Hâm kibang mihing pawl ahing kikhenkhah chiengun mun tuomtuom ah ahing têngta u’a, hunsawtpi ahing kivei chiengin akamtengte,athutengte,akammalte uh pawlkhat ahilouleh anempi ahing kiheng zêl hi. Tuachi dânin hâm tuomdeu khat hing pieng thei let ahi. Akhangkhang in hâm pên akiheng leh akikhêl let ahi. Kammal(syllable) pawlkhat ateng khat kipâi, ateng khat kihleng,kizeplut, ateng khat kibelap ahilouleh ateng ni kipâidoh chite ana um let a, tu’n zong a um nalâi dîng hi. Tabanga thuteng kihengte khu Akihengte/akihlengte akichi hi. Mangkam in lnflections kichi ahi.
Etsahna in; Thuteng suoh ah laiteng ‘h’ akipai a ‘suo’ asuoh hi,suoh—>suo; thuteng ‘suh’ ah laiteng ‘h’ khu ‘k’ in akiheng a ‘suk’ asuoh hi,suh—>suk; thuteng ‘uh’ ah laiteng ‘v’ kibelap ‘vuh’ asuoh hi, uh—>vuh; thuteng ‘hing’ ah laiteng ‘g’ akipai a ‘hin’ asuoh hi, hing—>hin; ka kan dîng—>ka kang dîng, kan bân ah laiteng ‘g’ kibelap a kan—>kang dîng; asuoh hi.
Zohâm sungah ‘Akihlengte’ nempi akijang nalâi hi.Simte hâm,Tedim hâm,Paite hâm sungah akihengte tampi akijangta sih hi.
Etsahna; Zohâm a; nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ apata minlawna akisiem chiengin ‘g’ akipaikhie a ‘na’ ahisihleh ‘dan’ khu atawpna ah akikoi a, tuachiin minlawna ‘panna’, ‘pandân’ ahing suoh hi. Simte hâm sungah ‘g’ akipâidoh sih a, nasêm thuteng ‘pang’ ma akizang a minlawna[noun] akisiem chiengin ‘pangna’ pangdân ma in akizang hi. Tabangin,Simte hâm thuteng tampite in kihenna anei sih uhhi.
Etsahna in Simte ham a thuteng kihengloute pawlkhat tam anei bang ahi: Simte hâm:- kangna, tungna, lengna, sangna, hongna, mangna leh adangdang(adgdg). Tam atunga thutengte Zo hâm in anei a bangin akiheng zêl uhhi: Kanna,tuna,lenna,sanna,honna leh adangdang Zo ham apata Simte hâm thuteng suohdoh leh kiheng pawlkhatte: hing—>hung;ka’ng—>ku’ng;vang—>ning;mah—>maw;sihva—>si; vai—>ni, uh amah—>uvam; uoi—>viei leh adgdgte tampi a um nalai hi. Akihengte atam ziehin Zokam[Zohâm] hasa mama akisa chiet hi. Lushei hâm,Tedim hâm, Paite hâm sungah akihengte atawm mama hi. Tuajiehin tam hâmte pên Zohâm sângin atheinop leh atheibaijaw hi. Tawndânte pên abailam apatin ahasa lam ah aluttoutou zêl hi. Ahivangin,hâm pên ahasa apatin abailam lam anawtjaw hi. Hâm pawlkhat sungah thuteng akihen chiengin akibang in akibânhen let uhhi. Zohâm sungah tunai apeisa kum 30-40 sung maimai in zong akihengte tampi apiengkheta hi;
Etsahna in:- tanah—>hiah; khunah—>huah; tam—>hi; tami—>himi; uh—>vuh; hing—>ang; hang—>hing; ing—>ung; kung—>kang; ku’ng—>k’ang; nung—>nang;amah—>amaw ; izaw(izo)—>i leh adgdgte ahi. Lushei hâm,Sizang hâm,Tedim hâm,Simte hâm,Paite hâm chite lah ah Zohâm thuteng tampite ana kizeplut hi. Tuamabangin Zohâm sungah zong hâm tuomtuomte thutengte ahing kizeplut thei zêl hi.
Kum tampi apata mihing pawlte ana kijopkhawm tâhlou jiehin ham tuomtuom dânin ana kingaituo leng hi.
(b )Lâigieldân ziehin hâm akihengthei hi. Tualâi hun in, Lâigieldân jiehin thutengte/kamtengte zong akiheng lamdang deudeuta hi. Tunidongin,Mikâng missionaryte lâigieldân ahingpieh pên uh ‘I sumkuon chiengpê nalai u’a’ tualeh i pomkip jiehun tuniin i thutengte uh tampi akiheng sieng gawpta hi. I chisa mabang un Zohâm pên osuohâm ahi hi. I kam u’a, i ginsah uh atuomdeu a, i khut a i gieldoh uh, atuomdeu in akilangta hi. I kam a, i lawdoh(gêndoh) thuteng/kamteng ging leh i khut u’a, i gielkhiet uh thuteng tampi akibangta sih hi. Zohâm a kammal ‘uo’ pen Tedim hâm in kammal ‘ua’ dânin akijang hi. Tuachiin zong kammal ‘uoh’ pên Tedim hâm in kammal ‘uak’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a ‘suoh’ thuteng khu Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘suak’ dânin ana kigingsah a,Lushei hâm in ‘chhuak’ in akigiel a,Hmar hâm in ‘chhuok’ chi’n akigiel a,tualeh akilou zêl hi. Tuachiin, Zohâm apata—>Tedim hâm a, thutengte kihendân tambang ahi;
huo—>hua, zuopa—>zuapa,suoh—>suak,tuoh—>tuak,thuoh—>thuak,puoh—>puak kuom>kuam, nuom—>nuam, luong—>luang,suong—>suang,tuol—>tual, muon—>muan, suo—>suan,tuon—>tuan, kuong—>kuang,puong—>puang leh adgdgte asuoh hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ‘’ ch” pên Tedim hâm in ‘c’ ahia, ch—>c. Hinanleh Kawlgam Zote’n ‘c’ ma azang denta uhhi. Zohâm a kammal ‘ie’ pên Tedim/Paite hâm in kammal ‘ia’ dânin akijang hi. Zohâm a thuteng ‘lien’ khu Tedim/Paite/Simte hâm in ‘lian’ chiin akigiel a,’li+an’ chiin akigingsah hi.
Etsahna in; Upa khat in thuteng khat; ‘chieng’ achi chiengin ‘chi’+eng’ ma in a ophawi agingsah nalâilâi hi. Ahivangin, agiel chiengin ‘chiang’ chi in agiellet hi. Tami in ‘chi+ang’ chi in ophawi agingsah hi. Tuachiin sangnaupangte’n sanglai sungah ahing zil chiengun ‘chieng’ chia lam ding hinapi’n akawilam in ‘chiang’ chiin asimsah u’a tuachiin, a’ng hâm chiengun ‘chi+ang’ chiin alouta(gingsah) let uhhi. Tachibangin, thuteng/kamteng tampi lâigieldân jiehin akilheng lamdanga, Zohâm ophawi gil nempite ana kilheng siengta hi. Tabanga,thuteng kiheng lamdangte enta lei khun; Simte hâm,Tedim hâm,Paite hâm sungah atam dieh hi. Simte hâm sungah Zohâm apata akila thuteng kitheichien khat ahileh ‘diei’ ahi, tami ‘di+ei’ ophawi a, ging pên khu ‘diai’ chiin akigiel a, tuachiin akilaw chiengin ‘di+ai’ chiin akigingsah a, akilou let hi.
Tuachiin,Zohâm a thutengte ‘chie,chien,chieng,chiet,kie,khie,lie,lien, lieng,nien,nieng, phiengsan,pien, pieng,sie,sien,sieng,siel,siem,siet,sietna chite khu
Paite hâm leh Simte hâm in ‘chia,chian,chiang,chiat,kia,khia,lia,lian, liang,nian,niang phiangsan, pian,piang,sia,sian,siang,sial,siam,siat,siatna asuoh a,
Tedim hâm in ‘cia, cian, ciang, ciat, kia, khia,lia,lian,liang,nian,niang, phiangsan,pian,piang,sia,sian,siang,sial,siam,siat,siatna chite asuoh kia leuleu hi.
Thado-Kuki hâm in ‘tia,chên, têng, chet, khe ,khe, le, lên, lêng, nên, nêng, pên, pêng, se, thên, thêng,sel,thêm, set,setna asuoh uhhi.
Zo tehsete toh ka kihoulim chiengin a osuo/ophawidân hoitahin ka ngaichien zêl hi. Atangpiin têhsete osuo/ophawidân(phonetics) apatin ‘ua’ leh ‘ia’ sângin ‘uo’ leh ‘ie’ gindân apawtjaw leh aluongjaw in ka theithei hi. Zohâm a sie pên Tedim hâm in sia chiin akigiel a,Zo ham a sietna—>Tedim hâm in siatna chiin akigiel a,Zohâm a sieng—>Tedim hâm in siang chiin akigiel a,Zohâm a seta->Tedim hâm in siata chiin akigiel a, pie—>pia chiin akigiel a, peta—>piata chiin in akigiel a, peding—>piading chi in akigiel a akilou a,kigingsah uhhi. Zoham a ‘pia’ khu Mangkam in letdoh leh ‘move’ china ahibou hi. Tam pên lâigieldân maimai jieha,thuteng tuomdân hing suoh ahibou a,tualeh akibanglou dânin a’ng kigêlta hi. Tambang thuteng pienkhietna pên lâigieldân jieh maimai ahibou a,tuachiin kum tampi jouin atuom dânin ahing kipomdohta hi.
(c)Kum sawtpi kidaitha,kikhenna,kichimatlouna ziehin hâm kihengthei tualeh atuomdeu piengthei hi. Mihing pawl kibahpite toh kichimatlouna jieh,kidâithana jieh,tênna munte kibahtâhlou zieh,tênna gamlât jieh,mun leh muol opdân kibahlou jieh, ahilouleh midangte toh kichimattuona jiehin zong hâm adanglamthei mawh hi. Kihoutuona leh kikhenna asawttâh ziehin kumtampi kikamtuo nawlouta ziehin hâmtuom ahing lêngkhethei hi.
Mexico gam a Spanish khotaneu khat sunga amite hâm khu Latin toh akibang sim nalâi a,ahivangin Latin hâm tahtah lah hituonlou,nanleh Latin thuteng tampi amaute hâm sung ah azeplut u’a azang nalâi uhhi. Kum sawtpi mihing apawl kibahpite toh akichimattuo tâhlou ziehun amaute lahah hâmtuom khat apieng a,tuachiin hâmdang khat nei asuoh uhhi. Hinanleh,amaute hâm sungah Latin thuteng lui tampi atel veve hi.
Zo hâm sunga thutengte tam,tami,tanah khu hi,himi,hiai,hiah,chite khu kum 300-500 (zathum-zanga) masang tuom a ana kiheng hidînga gintâthuoi ahi. Tuachiin; hang khu—>an,hing,hong,hung, a ana kiheng hidîng dâna gintât ahi. Thuteng hang sunga h leh g lâitengte akipaikhiet leh ‘an’ suoh hi. Tami thuteng ‘an’ pên Lushei hâm thuteng ahia, tapên hang,hing,hong,hung china toh kibang veve dân a kisimthei ahi hi. Zo hâm sunga thuteng ‘sih’ khu hih,suh, kei a ana kiheng hidînga gintathuoi ahi. Zohâm a lâiteng ‘s’ ahilouleh ‘t’ khu ana kihengkha a,Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘chh’ in gindân in ana kigingsahta hi. Tuachiin, ‘suoh’ khu ‘chhuok[chhuak]’ asuohta a, ‘tou’ pên chho[chhou] asuohta hi.
Zohâm sunga lâiteng ‘g’ khu Lushei/Hmar hâm in ‘r’ gindân in ana kigingsah hi. Tuachiin thuteng ‘gou[go]’ chipên ‘rou[ro] chiin akigingsah hi. Zohâm a lâitengte ‘s’ ‘sh’ gindân khu Lushei/Hmar hâm ah ‘th’ gindan in akigingsahta a,tuachiin thuteng ‘sing’ khu ‘thing’ asuohta hi. Tabangma in Zohâm a lâitengte ‘s,sh’ khu Thadou-Kuki hâm in ‘th’ ahilouleh ‘h’ gindânin akigingsah a, tuachiin ‘sing’ khu ‘thing’ chiin akilou a; tualeh ‘sih’ khu ‘hih’ chiin zong akigingsah hi. Lushei hâm leh Tedim hâm,Simte hâm,Paite hâm sungah thuteng tawpna lamah nâhkuogin ‘h’ khu akihâman mama hi. Zohâm a tha(new) khu Simte/Thadou hâm in ‘thah’ chiin akigiel a, tualeh akilou a, Hmar leh Lushei ham sungah ‘thar’ chi’n akigiel a akilou let hi. Tuachiin Zo hâm a thuteng dei —>khu Tedim/Paite /Simte hâm in deih asuoh a, kai—>kaih asuoh a,dai—>daih asuoh a,thei—>theih asuoh a,ngil—>ngilh asuoh a,hil—>hilh asuoh a,mama—>mahmah asuoh a,ngai—>ngaih asuoh a, tualeh leh adgdgte zong a om hi. Tualeh,Zohâm a thutengte; ‘mun,ngal,mal,ngil’chite khu Luseihâm(Mizo) in ‘hmun,nghal,hmar,nghil’ asuohhi. Oging(vowel) ‘i’ khu oging ‘u’ in akihengtuo uhhi. Tuachiin,Zo hâm a ‘sih’ khu Lushei hâm in’suh’ asuoh hi. Tuachiin; hing—>hung a’ng suoh hi. Oging ‘a’ khu oging ‘i,o,u’ in akihengtuo u’a tuachiin; thuteng hang khu—>hing,hong,hung, suoh zel ahi. Zohâm a odâi(consonant) lâiteng ‘h’ pouma a, tawpte pên Tedim/Paite hâm in ‘k’ ah atawp zêl hi. Alelam zong ahithei veve hi.Tuachiin,mah—>mak,lah—>1ak, pah—>pak,sah—>sak, tah—>tak,suoh—>suok,tuoh—>tuok,thuoh—>thuok,puoh—>puok, suh—>suk,tuh—>tuk, thuh—>thuk asuoh hi. Tahaw pên tênna gamlât jieh,kum tampi ana kichimattuo tâhloujieh u’a hichi banga hâm ogindân tuom hing piengdoh ahibou hi. Zohâm zang mihing pawlte lah ah zong atênna uh ana kibahtâh lou ziehun ahâmteng/kamteng/thutengte uh ana kiheng manta hi.
(d)Hâm kihlen mihing ngaina Mihingte’n atênna khuo leh tui hâm azui u’a athei sawm uhhi. Tami khu mihing piendân ngaina ahi. Akhuo-leh-tuite’n apomthei nadîngin tua khomite hâmdân athaw u’a azui zêl uhhi. Etsahna in; Zopa khat Tedim hâm ahilouleh Paite hâm ahisihleh Simte hâm na khuo khat ah vatêng taleh tua khomite pomthei nadîngin tuapa khu akhomite(amaute) hâm dândânin ahâmsawm dînga,athaw dînga tuachiin kum tampi nua chiengin khum khomite hâm azui a,tualeh apomta dînga, ama hâm apâita ding hi. Nanleh, ama hâmlui sunga thuteng tampi ahing polut dînga tuachiin hâmtha azangta dîng hi. Tua khomite hâm sunga thuteng kibelap sawn asuoh hi. Tuachiin awl-awlnou in kum tampi ahing kiveijou chiengin hâmtha khat ahing piengkheta dînga tualeh ama hâmlui toh kibang sênglou khat ahing piengkhie hi. Ahilouleh, hâmtha vilvel khat apiengkhethei hi.
Zohâm apata hâm tuomtuomte;Tedim,Paite,Simte,Vaiphei,Gangte,
Thangkhâl,Khuongnung chite leh adgdgte hing piengkhie hiva chithu upate’n agintât uh thute agên zê uhhi. Nam khat hâm sunga thutengte akithejâh a,tuachia hâm kinâi namte pawl lah ah zah in ahing umthei hi. Theiloukâl in, mihingte’n angâisâng mihing pawlkhatte piendân hâmdân leh a tawndân uh dangdangte ana mêlchi u’a tualeh azuisawm uhhi. Thutengte pawlkhat khu akingâisângte apatin akawm zêl uhhi. Tuachiin,Lushei hâm a thuteng kikawm khat ahileh ‘fel’ ahia, Zohâm in ‘taima’ china ahi. Tuachiin nichin hâmzah in amangta uhhi. Tuamabangin,tawmngaina,mangai,chanchin,theibufai,chawm,chang,changkang,
manmaw,maw,fuh chite ahing kikawmta a, nichin âm na u’ah azang zêl ta uhhi. Tuachiin Zohâm thutengte apung sêmsêm hi. Zohâm apatin hâm dangdangte in nal leh hoi asah uh thutengte akawm u’a amahaw’a bangin azang let uhhi. Etsahna in; sengseng, diei,dieldiel,vawi,kalaisai chite ahi.
Zohâm kizahdân Namkai,Gamkai,Khokai,Vêngkai, hâmneute(dialects) chituomtuom a om hi.Hâmzahdân chi tuomtuom a um hi. Kammal leh thuteng kibang himananleh akhietna leh akawmu tuomtuom a omthei thou hi. Hâm zattuomdân leh kibahlouna Zo minam khat chikhat zat khat sungah zong a omthei veve hi. Khatveivei leh agamgi akitheikhen tuon sihhi. Okaidân tuomtuom a om a,tuate dungzuiin hâmzahdân akitheithei pan hi. Asâng,angiem,a ul,atoukai,khiehsuh,tanggen, hâmkhau,hâmnem, chite a um guol hi. Zohâm khu osuohâm ahiziehin asâukai/sâulam, atomlam/atomkai, akhiehsuh, atoukai thutengte/kamtengte aum hi. Tawndân kibang sung khat ah zong pawl khatte’n hâm tuomdeu hâmneute azang uhhi. Hâm apatin mi vêng, mi nam, mi khuo mi hina mi hing puona chite akitheithei hi.
Hâm khat sunga patin zong hâmzahdân tuomtuom leh hâmneute a um a, tuate apatin; Ama;Sugnute,Singtomte,Singngatte,Phaitute,Gamngaite, Tonzangte,Khodaite,Kanante,Anlunte, Behiengte,Hiengtamte,Khaukuolte leh adangdang, chiin akikhenthei nalâi ahi. Khuo leh khuo hâm sungah zong thutengte a unpi in akibang siengta sih hi. Khokhat sungah hâmteleu(colloquial),hâmleng
(slang word), hâmsawi(pidgin),hâmneu(dialect) chite a om thei veve hi. Zo sungah zong ama Hâidawi hâm a hâm, ama Thangkhâl hâm a hâm, ama Khuongnung hâm a hâm, ama Khodâi hâm a hâm chite a omthei veve hi. Tuachiin Lamka Zo, Gunpang Zo, Sugnu Zo,Singngat Zo,Tonjang Zo,Kawlgam Zo chite hâmpawl(dialectical group) tuomtuom umdân in akilangsah hi. Himalehzong, Zou hâm kibang tângpi khat a om a, khum thutengte’n nam khathina leh tawndânte akêmbit a,tuachiin hâmdangte’n akivaltumsah sih uhhi. Atangpiin, guollui hâm leh hâm-upa te’n hâmbul thutengte akêmbit u’a ahina uh leh atawndân uh asuhing uhhi. Atangpiin,enta lei, tunidongin Zo sungah hâm zahdân akibang diemdiem veve nalâi hi. Zolate enkia lei hâm thakhat hidân akilang sêm hi.
Zohâm zahdân tuomtuomte leh Zohâm thuteng kibanglou hinanleh akhietna kibang pawlkhat en vai: Topa,tunou,tami,tam,tan,tanah,pâh:-Sugnu leh Gunpang suhlangte’n,hinanleh, mi pawikhattte’n ‘Mangpa,belam’ zong azang panta veve uhhi. Mangpa,belam,hi,himi,hiah,kawt:Singngat tangtou leh Lamka lamte’n azang uh hi. Sugnu langte’n tami,tam,tana,tanah,izaw,i,om,ahikhu,akhula chite atangpiin azang let uhhi. Lamka lamte’n hi,hiah,huah,maw,mawleh,um,avele,ave chite azang let uha,hinanleh thu-leh-late agiel chiengun tam,tami,tana,tanah thutengte azang veve uhhi. Sugnu langte’n ‘ei panpi in ‘ achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’m ‘hing/hung panpi in’ achi zêl uhhi. Sugnu langte’n ‘nei hu diei? achi let u’a, Lamka lamte’n ‘nang hu diei?. Kinousietnate zong aunpi in, akibang kim sihhi. Sugnu langte’n na ngap ei ? achi u’a,Lamka lamte’n: na ut maw? achi uhhi. Sugnu langte’n kikhutsa vai achi let u’a Lamka lamte’n kichibai vâi achi zêl uhhi. Lamka lamte’n ‘na dam zêl maw’ ahisihleh ‘na dam zêl ei’ achi leng uhhi. Lamka lamte’n ‘hing’ sângin ‘hung’ ahâzah zaw uhhi. Hing leh dam thutengte kawmu akibang a lamka lamte theidan in ‘shilou’ china ahi. Etsahna in; ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun na pa ahing na’i china ahi. Sugnu langte theidanin ‘Na pa adam na’i? achi chiengun ‘Na pa ahat na’i ? china tobangin akizang hi. Tualeh natna neilou lampang toh kisai in akizang hi.
Tualeh, Zohâm a, ophawi osuote bangin hâmdangte in thutengte anei sih uhhi. Zohâm a, osiesuo agildân ahuoisietdân pên hâmdang khata osie agildân leh ahuoisietdânte akibangthei mawngmawng sih hi. Osiehâm zong agamkai,vêng,khuo kaidân dungzuiin akibangkim sih hi.
-Philip ThangLienMang
ZOLA LEH LAHÂMTENGTE
Zola bang e? Zola ahileh nidanglâi a,ipu-ipate lahâmteng zang a, anasah let uh late ahi. Akipâhni,aguolnopni,adâni ,atonni,ahilouleh a aini chieng u’a tam late asah zel uh ahi.Alungsim sunga thâmden,asinlâi sung u’a kulphum ngaituonate zaila ngaitahin ana sa let uh hi. Zola ngai tem bang ana tawi let uhhi. I pu-ipate’n a khanlâi un la ana sah chiengun lahâm ngen ana zang let uhhi.Tuhun chiengin Zola i chiengin ei Zohâm/Zokam a kiphuo leh kisa poupou khu Zola a’ng kichi zel ta hi.
Lahâm pên kholâihâm toh kibanglou ahi. Ipu-ipate lungsim-sinsim sunga ana ngaituonate uh,tam Zolate sung apatin thu-le-la tampi a’ng kitheithei hi.Atawndânte,khosahdânte,biehdânte tualeh ana pantondânte (pankhawmdânte) uh nempite tam Zolate sung apatin theithei in a’ngkihil
chien hi.
Atângpi in,athupuoh dungzuiin Late chi 21(sawmni-le-khat) akhenthei ahi. Tamteng ahi: 1.Mîm-ai la 2.Tâng-ai la 3.Sa-ai la 4.Gâl-ai
la 5.Hânla 6.Lungzuon la 7.Kipâh la(Guolnop la) 8.Gamngâi la 9.Sânnêm la (Zawl la) 10.Shimâi la 11.Hasiet/Hlasiet La 12.Kidêhna la 13.Nâupang la 14.Kivâihâhna la15.Lungkham (nat) la 16.Tonla 17.Kinunna La 18.Kikhenna la 19.Tapidaw la (Pasien La) 20.Kithoina La 21.Be-le-Phung la.
Asahdân(akaidân) dungjui in, Zo Late chi 7(sagi) a khenthei leuleu ahi.Tamteng ahi; 1.Zângta La 2.Lalêh 3.Toumun la 4.Sânnêm la 5.Tapidaw la ahilouleh Hattuom la/Khristien la(Latha) 7.Tulâi La(Modern). Tualeh;Zolate sunga lahâmteng kizang chi 20 (sawmni) vel a, khenthei ahi. Lahâmtengte a’ng pienkhietna tam anei silteng apata ahi:-
1. Leitung ganhingte(Terrestrial Animals)
lawi,zuhsiel,sawmsiel,siel,simsiel:-kithanna,minthanna,thupina,
hâtna,simna,sawmna thuteng a kizang.
gamsegûl:- buoina,lunggimna,gentheina,kânkuotna,nawngkâina.
2. Tui ganhingte(Aquatic animals):- limnga,linga:nunnopna,
zalênna,kinoptâlna,kidâithana
3. Tunglêng ganhingte(avians-birds) va:-pilna,matna,siemna.
hûiva:-lungzuonna,lunglênna,dâna.
gîtva:-deilouna,deimawna,nuolna.
mîmva:-tâuna,thumna,ngetna,biehna.
lawhta,zolawhta,zolawta:-thûmna,lungzuonna,lunglênna.
4. Tunglam silte(heavenly bodies/cosmos)
ha,solha,solkha,sol,solnou,si-al,alsi:-lungzuonna,lungzinna,
pangpâ.
sunni,tungsunni,kawlni:-thupina,lalna,zaletna,khanletna.
5. Singkungte leh louhingte(plants and trees)
tulsing,tullim,tulta:-ngaizawng,ngainou,ngai,kibelna,kibuhna.
tûm:-vuoina,têhna,thakiehna,shina.
mawngsing,gammawngsing:letna,thupina,siemna,khanletna,
lalna.
lênsesing:-tahtâina,gin-upna,gin-opna,thutahna,thudihna.
nâlguo,phûiguo:-hinkiana,hâtkiana,thakidukiana,khanletkiana.
ûm:-kithuzâhna,kituona,khawlkhawmna,houlimna.
mangsing:-deilouna,nuolna.
ling,gû:-gentheina,douna,thuohlana.
6. Pâpete(flowers) tumtai,leidi,zopâ,zoheisa,heisa,khanglênheisa,
khuongsel,dingdi:-ngaizawng,ngainou,îtna,khandohna,
khanletna,gin-umna,gin-opna,tahtâina.
ham:-gentheina,hâsatna,buoina,liengvaina,gimna,tawlna.
7. Theite(fruits) hâi,sunhâi:- kingana,ngana,munuomna,lunggulna
kangthei,thei,khangthei:-ki-îtna,kihêmna,kinun-kitênna,solna.
8. Tui leh luite (water and rivers)
tui,li,tuili,khanglênli:-kituona,kithutuona,kigawmna,kisolna,
letna,lunggimna,lungzuonna.
9. Khovêl silpiengte (Natural phenomena)
guo,guaw,tuoiguo,tuawiguaw:-guolzawlna,hamphatna,
vângphatna
giel:-dâna,sunna,lungzuonna.
zil,khopihui:- zâuna,huphulnna,kingamlana,kithawina
khimzin,khimzing,simzin,simzing:-lunggimna,lungzuonna,
buoina
ngoumei,lummei,khanglummei:-lunglênna,dihtatlouna,zuonna.
10. Nêh-leh-dawnte (food and drinks)
ann,sunkhing ann:- ki-itna,ki-ngâina,kihepina.
zu,ningzu,khuoining,dunien sunglaw:-kideisahna,ki-îtna,kipoh
-na,nienna,kisaplouna,kiningchinna
du-âi,du-âisa,nignzu-âisa, âi:-nienna,kisaplouna,kiningchinna.
mîm:- pienna,suona,kipatdohna,khuo.
tâng,zotâng:- damna,hinna,damtheina.
11. Gamtatna (action) hawmtân,sase tân:-tanna,tanglou,ngâlou.
12. Tahsa hiengte (body parts) gi,samgi,tan:kikhenna,kibalna,khen
13. Lâm leh late (songs&dance) lâm,lâmkîl,lâmtuol,
nunnuom,pezil:-kipâhna,thanopna,pawibawlna,nopsahna.
14. Loute (Fields) pâmlou,loutuol,lou:-sepna,vuoilam,têhlam,
tanglou:- lungsim kihonna,lungsim kipiehtuona,kihoulimna.
15. Lampi (roads and paths)
tuonglam:vângbuohna,sepna,gamtatna,hamphatna,kâphatna,
guolzawlna,vângphatna
pheilam:-vângsietna,chimawna,kisolna,kihêmna.
16. Vanzahte (tools and implements)
thâng,gâthâng:-ki-etna,kivêna,kivilna,kihelna,kikawmna.
ngawi,lum,phaw,siellum:-kidâîlna,douna,khâmna,kikhamna.
tem,temhiem,nâmtem:-hâtna,ngalhâtna,bawltheina.
lumsuong,khuom:-detna,kipna,kituona,gamluona.
pal,dâi,gawlpal,lâigawl:douna,khamna,kidouna,nanna,venna.
sihjawl,jawl,sihzawl,zawl;-hamphatna,hamsietna,guolzawlna.
bêl:-sutuo,suong,sahna,tênna.
khâu,huolkhâu:-ngaituo,thuhtuot,lungbuoi.
gie,phuolgie:-sepna,tohna,kukalna.
loutuol pat,pat:-thanemna,thanguina,thabeina,gimna,dâna. 17.Puonsil-le-tên (Clothes) puon,silpuon,dumpuon,khangdumpuon:sepna,nuolna,thêtna,
deilouna,,ningkitelna.
kâidiel:-khâiliana,guoljawna,guolzawna,lawchinna,tungtuon
18.Sum (money)
sesum,singsum,sum;kimutuona,kinuolna,kideilouna,kithêtna.
19.Nâusên (baby/infant)
nâu,sênnâu,sunnâu:sânna,deina,îtna,kingâina,hepina,deisahna.
20.Ganhing nêute(insects)
the,limthe,zolêngthe:-kipâhna,lungkimna,nunnopna,lungzuon.
ngalkhuoi,khuoimu,khuoi:-lungthahna,hânna,thangpaina,
thupuohna,thuhilna.
Kigêntêna(metaphor):
Lahâmteng, akhietna tuompi khat nei khu Kigêntêna(metaphor) akichi hi. Kigêntênate(metaphors) pawlkhatte tam anei bang ahi:-
dawngkot=lungsim,ngâina. douling=gâl. gamgîtva=deilou/nuol mi. gamguo=midangte,theiloumi,hieng hilou,phung dang
gammawngsing=mihât,milien. ha(hla)=ngainou,ngaizawng.
hakie,hlakie,khakie=shi,muolliem. heisa/zoheisa=ngaizawng.
Lahamteng a’ng pienkhietdân
Thuteng(word) sunga om kamteng(syllable) pawlkhat nini a dingtonte(dingkhawmte) akilehei leh Lahâmteng suoh uhhi.
Etsahna in;
bekan=kanbe, singkang=kangsing, zuning=ningzu,
sakol=kolsa,sazuh=zuhsa, vaphuol=phuolva,valuh=luhva
meikam=kammei,lamphei=pheilam,gophel=phelgo leh adgdg. Late sunga kitêkâhnate(similes):- La akiphuo chiengin kitêkâhnate toh a’ng kiphuo sê leh ngâinophuoi mama a tuachi’n i lungsim sung, i sinsim sung leh i sinlâi sung a’ng khoi mama hi. La khat poupou kitêkâhna tellou a zang petpot tangtah a, a’ng kiphuo leh akhietna thûh pen i lungtang sungah lut zoulou in,tualeh a’ng zelvut zou sihhi. Nichin i hâmzah banga late i phuo leh alim zou sih hi. Tabang kitêkâhnate pen Mângkam in Similes akichi hi.
hûiva=ngaizawng,ngainou. innguo=kinâipi,innpi,hieng. kûisieng=angel,vânsawlsieng. leidi=ngainou,ngaizawng. muvânlâi=vânlêng, lênna. namzingzu=hagâu,ha,shi-ha,shi-hla. phuolva/phuolleng=ngainou. shina tuoh=kulsîntang, sietlei kulsu/lâisu
solha,solhla/solkha,solkhapi,solnou=ngainou, ngaizawng, kingâipi.
sumphung=relative, kin. sunni=mithupi, milun, milien.
tulsing,tullim,tulta,tumtai=kibelna,kibuhna,lawnngâi,ngainou.
zolawhta= ngaizawng, ngainou chiteng leh adangdangte tampi om nalâi hi.
ZOHAM LEH HAM DANGTE
Agamkai abielkai dungzui in Zola chi tuomtuom a om hi- Zo biel(gamkai) pen Hâidawi bawng, Khodâi bawng,Thangkhâl bawng, leh Khuongnung bawng a khenthei ahi. Tualeh,Zo biel apata pielkhie biel tuomtuomte ahileh; Simlam(Tedim) biel,Vaiphei-Gangte biel,Thado-Kuki biel tualeh Lusei(Mizo) biel,Hmar biel leh adangdangte ahi uhhi.
Hâidawi bawng tam teng lah a kunglui leh upapên hidînga gintâthuoi thu upate’n agên let uhhi. Zokam hâmneuteng(dialects) hing kipatkhietna Hâm hidînga kigingta ahi.Zokam bul hiva chithu Zo upate’n agên zêl uhhi. Tami bawng in Hang,Hung,Hong sângin Hing ahilouleh ‘Ei’ azang hi. Kei sângin Sih,Ning mun ah Vang,Thutengte-Hla,Hlapi,Hlakie,cite azang hi. Thumna(ngetna) kamteng ahi chiengin Hing ahilouleh Ang mun ah “Ei” akizang sese hi. Gamngaila,Shimaila,Hânla chite tam sungah atam mama hi Khodâi leh Khuongnung bawngte gel sunga ‘Um’ pen tamnah ‘Om’ chi’n Thangkhâl leh Simlam bawngte zah bang in akizang hi.
Khodâi bawng pen Zokam hâmneu kihal gawp khat ahi.Thuteng tawpna ah ‘K’ azang nuom let uhhi. Ettena in, Sah chi ding pen Sak aci nuomzaw uhhi. Hing,Hong ahisihleh Hung sângin Hang/Ang azang zel uhhi. Om pen Um chi’n a akizang hi.
Thangkhâl bawng ahileh Tedim Chin(Sim),Zo leh Thadote Thangkhâl
khuo a atên lâi u’a hing piengdoh hiding a uphuoi thu u pate’n agên uhhi.Tam sungah Hing tângin Hung,Sih tângin Kei ,Vang luongin Ning,Ka’ng tangin Ku’ng,Na’ng luongin Nu’ng, Vai sângin Ni akizang a, Thutengte- Kha,Khapi,Khakie chite apang hi.Tami bawng pen Zawlla phuosiem deu bawng akici se hi.
Khuongnung bawng ahileh tu-a India gam a Simte biel ahi. Hing,Hang,luongin Hung,Sien/Sian luongin Thian,Vang luongin Ning,Ni mun ah Vai. Tami bawng ah thutengte atawp chiengin ‘H’ toh abei hi. Etsahna in Da(sad) pen Dah,Tha(new) pen Thah,Khangtha pen Khangthah, dangta(thirsty) pen dangtah chi’n akilou(gingsah) tualeh agiel uhhi.
Simlam biel i cih ciengin Tedim-Chin biel cihna ahi.Tami biel zong ham
chinteng kihal gawp khat ahi. Hâidawi,Khodâi,Khuongnung leh Thangkhâl toh akikhietna ahileh-Hing,Hang,Hung mun ah Hong akizang hi. Kei,Suak,Tak tângin Sih,Tah,Kha,Khakia,khapi chite azang uhhi. Ch mun ah C akizang hi. Ou mun ah O maimai akimang hi. Tami biel la lam ah ahâusa mama hi.
Paite biel leh Tedim-Chin biel akinâi mama a,bawng khat a zong simthei
veve ahi. Thado-Kuki bawng a thuteng Um mun ah Om ci’n akizang hi.
Tami biel sungah C sangin CH akimang a,O tangin OU akizang hi.
Thado-Kuki biel sungah Sih tângin Hih leh Poi akizang hi.Tun tângin Chun,Hing tângin Hin,Hung akizang a,Ta tângin Cha,Thuteng pawlkhatte ahileh Zo(Hâidawi) leh Simte a bangin “H’’ ngen in atawp hi. Etsahna in,Tah,lah,zah,nah leh adangdang. Thuteng pawlkhat leuleu ahileh ‘LH’ in akipan hi.Etsahna in,Lhang,Lhâng,Gollhang,Lhapi,lhung leh adangdangte. S pen TH in akihleng hi. Sing pen Thing asuoh hi. T pen CH in akihleng hi.
Etsahna in, Têng khu Chêng asuoh hi. Tami biel zong la hâu mama biel ahi. Hâidawi bawng zah ‘Om’ pen ‘Um’ chi’n akizang hi.
Vaiphei-Gangte biel ahileh biel tuom dân a, zong simthei ahi.Tam biel pen akihal gawpsuh chi thei ahi. Tam sungah Hing tangin Hung ahisihleh Hâidawi bawng bangin ‘Ei’ azang zel uhhi.Tun luongin Chun,Ta tângin Cha,Teng tângin Cheng,Sih tângin Puoi,Tedim-Chin biel bangin thuteng pawlkhatte ‘K’ ngen in abei hi, etsahna in ‘zieh/jieh’.pen ‘ziak ahisihleh ‘ziek’ suoh Tedim-Chin biel,Mizo biel leh Zo kihal leh kigawm suhgawp hituoh!.
Mizo biel sungah pupa late tawm mama in akithei hi. S pen Chh in akihleng hi;etsahna in Sun pen Chhun akichi a, T pen CH in akihleng hi. G pen R in akihleng hi. Om pen Om gindan in akigingsah veve a,hinanleh ‘Awm’ chi’n akigiel hi. Tami bawng sungah Tun pen Chun in akihleng hi. Thado-Kuki bawng bangin S pen TH in akihleng zel hi. Etsahna in, SI pen THI suoh hi. Sing pen Thing suoh hi. Tunnu pen Chunnu akichi hi. Hmar biel ahileh pupa la hâusa mama bawng ahi. Mizo Bawng toh a Spelling zahdan akhietna nempi a om hi.Tuachi lou in tami bawng zong Mizo bawng toh akilamdanna om phiellou chithei ahi hi. Spelling zahdan pen Zokam leh Thado-Kuki,Gangte te toh akinai pen khat suoh hi.
Tambanga biel tuomtuom a ka khenkhietna pen akip lien a, khenthei ahi
tuon sih hi. Simlam,Vaiphei-Gangte,Tedim Chin,Mizo-Hmar bielte ‘K-abei’ hâi
K-abeite ahileh ‘R-akipan ’ leh ‘G-akipan’ hâi a zong khenkhietthei ahi. Zo(Hâidawi,Khodâi,Khuongnung),Simte leh Thado-Kuki bielteng ‘H-abei’& ‘G-akipan’ hâite chithei in akithei hi. Tam bielteng Osuodân(Phonetics) akikhietna omsênglou in ka theidoh hi. Mângkangte’n eimite osuodân ana pibawl lou leh ana thusim khâh lou zieha tunia osuodân kibang mite hâmtengte pen amauh a’ng pieh lâigieldân ziehin atuomtuom dânin akithei mawhta a,i hâm i pâute uh zong akiheng danglam phielta Zohâm sungah akihengte(inflections) tampi a om nalâi hi Zohâm sunga akihleng akizangte khu Paite,Simte,Vaiphei,Gangte,Tedim Chin leh adangdangte sungah akizang nawnta sih hi,Zohâm sunga akihlengte nempi a op zieha,Zohâm hâsa mama ahi. Osuohte/awsuote(long vowels) thuteng toh a’ng din ciengin tami ciemtêna (^) innku akizang a tami in lâisimdân abaisah mama a buoina a om hetsih hi. Asânggin(atougin) leh asuhgin tanah ka telsah sih hi. Zo lahâmteng leh Mângkam thuteng kibang lien omlou chi lei zong chi thei veve ahi. Akhietna akinâi thei pen a i lê sih leh alê dîng dân om tuon lou hi. Zokam pen Chinese kam banga osuokam( Tonal language) ahi. Zokam sungah thuteng atoulen/asânggin(atougin) leh asuhgin asuhkhieh kamteng tampi a om a,tualeh agin kibang thuteng nempi a om hi. Mângkam in “Onomatopoecia(sound and meaning are same) akichi hi.Tuaziehin,chiemtêna tuomdeu zah ngai in thei ing. Tambang chiemtêna tuomdeu tanah ka giel lut sih hi. Kawlgam leh Kolgam huop dîngin lâizêm(Alphabet) sungah ‘c’ leh ‘ch’ akizang hi. Hâidawi biel kammal zah ‘HL’ zong tami lâibu sungah akizang hi. Tami gindân pen ‘thla’ leh ‘lha’ kikâl a ging ahia,i leidawn in i hatu aliehtou a, i kam in ahui a hla(ha) hi.Tami gindân pen ‘thla’ leh ‘lha’ kikâl a ging ahia,i leidawn in i hatu aliehtou a, i kam in ahui a hla(ha) hi. Khodâi bawng a ‘HA’ toh kibang ahi. Lâiteng ‘j’ leh ‘z’ ani gêl in akizang a,nangma deizaw na zah thei ahi.Kawlgam ah ‘z’ adei dieh uhhi. India gam ah,j leh z ani gêl in akimang suhthop hi.hizang a,nangma deizaw na zah thei ahi.Kawlgam ah ‘z’ adei dieh uhhi. India gam ah,j leh z ani gêl in akimang suhthop hi.
Compiled by Philip ThangLienMang
ZOKAM leh ZOLA
Zokam, Zo La Sat On The Wall,
Zokam,Zo La Had A Great Fall,
All The Zo Khangnous and
All The Zo lâisiems
Cannot Put Zokam, Zola
Together Again.
(With apologies to the unknown author of ‘Humpty,Dumpty). I Zokam uh mang ding hita,I Zola ngaipên, I Sânnêm late midangte’n tang sieng ding hita. I khangnoute leh i lâisiemte un bang e a bawl uh; Zunlou i gam pankâi denta ding amah? ‘Thou un, Thou un Z S.P Seinouguolte chi, a la maimai a sa ding i hi uh amah?.
Zokam leh Zolate gildan leh thuhdân pên leinuoi a suongmanpha kiphuolgu bang ahi. Mângkângte la phuosiem minthang William Wordsworth in ‘Lucy’ kichi nungâh mêl hoi mama, vân âhsi banga tâng, a opna mun in a zillou zieha, a pâhta ding leh ama va dei dîng mi omlou;(a kiphuol zieh-in)luidung suongpi nuoi a om tulpân toh agênte bangin; Zokam leh Zolate zong a lutna(apina) eite’n i mu phâhlou uh a diei aw maw! Manipur solkal(kumpi) in Class V tan ah singtângmite in amauh lâi chiet a kisimthei ding uh chinapi a, eite in laibu sim ching i neilou ziehun i tawi theisih uhhi. Tuaban ah Class X ah zong Vernacular subject a tawi dîng phal nalâi uhhi. Eite’n bang lâibu tawi ding?. Skul(sâng-inn)ah i naupangte un koi lâibu pên a simta ding uoi?. Mi lâibu sim (kawm) in mitesiemna i phajou na ding uoi? I Zo awjapute’n(sangsiete’n) bang lâi a hilta ding uoi?.
Zo Tangval,Zo Tangval Where Have You Been?,
I have been To Lamka To Drink Sekmai,
Zo Tangval, Zo Tangval,
Where Have You Been?,
I Frightened My Parents In The Kitchen
( With apologies again to the author of Pussey Cat. )
ZOKAM HAUSATDÂN
Leitung pumpi a kizang English ngêl sângin zong Zokam a hausazaw hi. Zokam a om tampi English ah a om sih hi. Lungthah chienga kitom tham zong hâm a nei sih u’hi. Awsie zong anei sih u’hi. Gêntêna in ‘Thalkin,Sashi, Dawng chie etc.te English in a kilet thei sih hi. Zokam a ‘Sa shi inlen; thalkin ngîlngêl bou aw” ‘kichi English a let dîng M.A. Double English a first class first khat man lei, a khosanêl in a hum(hlum) ngêingêi dîng hi. English te’n zong a nei sâm uhhi. Hinanleh, Zokam a apha zou sih. A nei sun uh ‘shit, fucking’ chite lel ahi. Ka nêulâi in ka khuo u’ah Khienglâm tangvâl sepai suty khat in zu a hing kham a, tulâi hâm a ‘phutani(tapousah)’ i chite uh sâphâm in a bawl a ‘Faking,faking’(fucking) a chi den kêi sâm hi. Alêna tahtah a kitheilou vângin Japan gâl lâi tan a ka khuo u’a English sepaite na om ahizieh un hâm hoilou ahi chi pên a thei u’hi. English te’n ‘Bastard’kichi khat zong hâmsie a nei phuat u’hi. Ei ngaidân mawh in, Englishte pên mi zâutat ahi uha, ‘bastard’ chite bangin zong va ngai khollou dîngin i gingta uh ahi maithei. Ahi’n a lungthah chiengun mi housietna in a zang vanglah u’hi. ‘Bastard’ pên ‘Zawlta’ china ahi.
Mi a mêl puohdân leh a gamtat, a hâmdan toh etkop in Zokam toh mi a kihousethei a, kipâhna ding zong a kigênthei hi. Englishte’n anei vawt sih u’hi. Lelaw,Pempom,Geigoi,Ngengngong, Ziamzuam,Hiauhuau,Lihleh, Chihteh, Vetvawt, chite English ah a om vawt sih hi.
ZOHÂM KIBANG KIMLOU
Hâm mawngmawng amun leh agam zil in kipâi leh kibelap leh kiheng chite a om thei hi. Zo sungah zong gên ching sih nanleh Hâidawi hâm,Thangkhâl hâm, Khuongnung hâm i chite a pm nelnel hi. I tenna kho minte ahi hi. I suichet tahtah leh Zohâm dihtah pên Hâidawi hâm khu ahi. Bangdînga khokhat a hâm tuom pieng thei e? Nidanglâi in khokhat leh khokhat kikawmna a hâsa a,tulâi banga gari leh lampi zong omlou ahihi. Gâl- leh-sa hât ziehin zong khat leh khat kikawm theilou in a na om u’hi. Hun sawtpi kikawm lou a a op chiengun a khuo a khuo ah hâmsawi kainate ahiei a pieng ahi lel hi. Tuate hâm tuom ahi tuon sih. Hâm pên khosung tangvâl kiphasah khat apatin zong hâm a pieng thei hi. Nupi hâmkhiel ahiei leh mi simmaw pên khat hâmna chiemmui thu in a kizang zang a, a tawp ah hâm piching a suoh thei hi.
Kum 1955 vêl in ka khuo u’ah Kawlgam gâlkâp suty khat in ‘Kisai lou’ kichi khat leh ‘Kullou’ kichi khat a’ng polut hi. Nungâh tangvâl in kiphatsahna in a akizang a, a tawp ah khokîm vêl a mite in zong a zangta a’u,Singngât tâng ah akizang hi. Tuachi mabangin, Tangpizawl khuo ah 1965 vêl in ‘Ngai va doi sih’ kichi a hing kithang hi. Nupi hâm khiel khat kam a kipan lel ahi. Nungâh tangvâl in chiemmuina in a zang uh a, Ngai va roi sih’,Ngai rol sih, chipou in alum let u’a, a ,tawp ah ‘ngâi sih’ chi ahita a, a manna dîng mun tah a i man khâhleh hâm kilawm khat a suohta veve hi. Hâm kiphuothute a man dîng mawng ma ahi. Tuma lam a Tonglawn leh Behieng khotung vêl a kizang hâm khenkhatte ‘Geigui, Kitei aw’ etc. chite zong tuni in a mangta hi.
ZOKAM ANGAI MAMA HI.
Zohâm(Zokam) pên hâm ngai mama khat, hâm kilawm leh tampi kilawmtah a gên theina hâm ahi. Zohâm dihtah a thu kigen in mi lungtang zong a bun hi. Kum 1982 ni khat Moreh leh Tamu kikâl luigei ah ka na khawl a,Tamu nungâh thum Moreh apat hing kile uh,Kei khawlna geitah ah ahing khawl uh a,Zokam chiaset in ang kihou uh a, a sêu sung u’a a van,puohte uh,a vêl u’a ,a nui vangiam u’a, nungâhte mêl hoi ka sah zieh zong hituon lou in,a Zohâm pên uh nal ka sa mama hi. Kei zong hing thei sâm u’leh chi in a min uh ka dong a,a lamkâi nu uh min ‘Nge Nge’ ahi a chi u’a,Tamu a om ka hi uh zong a chi u’hi. Kei tungthu(tanchin) hing dong ta u’leh bang ka chi dawnta de aw?chia ka na kingaisut lâi in,ading uh a,bangma lah ahing dong nawn tuon sih u’a, zumsim mêlpuo in ahing pei santa u’hi.
ZOLATE
Zokam a hausat bangma in Zo late a na gil in a na thûh mama hi. I Khangthu uh, I pu I pate uh bang chibang mi a na hi uoi mah chi zong a la phuote uh i sah chiengin I theithei uhhi. Gêntêna in,la khat:-
a. Ka pienma a mi sîngta aw,
Apieng lah mi omlou e.
b. Luntawi khangtem bang kileh ing, Tung chieng vângkhuo sât ing e.
Ala suichien detdet lachin Khul ah i na têng uh a,Khul apatin leitung I na sât uh chi akilang hi. Azung nua et lachin ‘Ka pien ma a mi sîngta aw,apieng lah mi omlou e’pên ka pien main koima apieng sih achina ahi. Zo kichite mi bul i hi uh chi a kimu chienta hi. Sânnêmla Zolate sungah angaipên ahi hi. Koikoi in sata lehzong Zokam na mangte khu sânnêmla neitu leh akipatnate ahi uhi chia kilang hi. Kum 1957-58 ZângKong,Zo Sângnaupang Pawlpi Magazine Tedim kam a kigiel khat ah lalui, ka nêulâi a ka na zâhsa khat ditahin a’ng kigiel a, ala ahileh:-
a. Thangnêm nuoi a huisi dam lâng,
Khattang tutkhawl lung nei zuongsah ei lâizang chie.
b. Lung nei zuongsah ei maw,
Theilou sîngta ommuong guol tuom,sâm aw kawi lâizang.
chi ahi. Nuom ka sa mama a, aphuopa zong alungdam mama dîngin ka gingta(um) hi.
Atung a toh kikêlkî Magazine khat ka na sim kha lêulêu hi.‘Siamsin Pawlpi Annual Magazine-1969’ ahi. A Heading ah ‘KHANGLUI LATE’ a kichi a, la tampite a phuotute bangta lou in a original apat dei kaina tampi a om hi.
Gêntêna in:
a. Tûn simthu lou vâimâng simthu’n,
Doulâi kullu dîng aw zuong na’ng e.
b. Kei aw zuong na’ng, nâsing nuoi ah,
Limlien gammawngsing ong seel aw.
A phuotu in ‘Limlien gammawngsing aw ei sêl aw:’ a chi hinapi ‘ong seel aw’ a chita hi. Khumbang ma in-
a. Tu-a gammawngsing bang kikawi,
Zîngchieng sam bang khenta dîng aw e.
b. Zîngchieng sam bang khenta dîng aw,
Muolchin sâng pan donleng dîng e,
Don leng dîng aw e........ chi hinapi
‘Tulvum sâng pan donlâi dîng aw e’ chi in a dei kaita zêl hi. A kiphuo banga kigiel nawnlou in a la,la ngai mama hinapi a dauta hi.Ka kingaisut pha,kia a, hun tomkhat zou in kei leh kei a siemlou tanta hi. A gielpa in hasatah a, a sui nua a, a giel khiet ahia, a thei banga agiel ahi chi ka pom hi. Zohâm taluo asah man a, ahen ahizong ka gingta sih. Kei leh kei ka kisiemlou tansahna zieh ahileh, a neitu,a zûntu leh a kêmtu di’a guotte Zo kichite in Sânnêmla pên zûn zoulou, kêm zoulou ahi zieha, adihtaha, kigiel theilou hiin ka theita hi.Zolate ah ‘Lahâmtengte’ a tuom in a om hi. English leh kam dangte ah lahâmtengte a om sih chi thei ahi. Lahâmtengte toh la kisa in, lungtang a bun deu hi. English ngêl hou bangma a om sih hi. ‘Kang ngâi hi’ chi leh ‘I love You’ a chi lel hi. Zokam in chi lei ‘Mu bang hing ngâi ve’ng’ ahiei i chi u’a,a lûzaw hi. ‘Selung zuong e’ bang English in gên hâhsapi ahi. Pasien lah Sienmâng i chi u’a,Mângkângte’n God a achi u’a a henna dîng kân a om sih hi. Hichibang tampi a om hi. Kamteng a, a gênngamloute uh, la in a gên u’hi. Kingai thu hi in,kimuda thu hi in, bang thu bang thu hitaleh, kam a gên sâng in la a, a gênte in abunzaw hi.
Ni khat Nu.Chingnu ama ngen in lou ana hou(hlou) hi. Pa .Thangpu gamvâh lâi Nu.Chingnu te lou ah ahing suoh hi. Nu Chingnu in ama ngen in a hou(hlou) hi. Pa.Thangpu in gâl apat a gâlmu hi. A nungâh-tangvâl lâi u’a, ana kingâi kha uh ahi. Pa.Thangpu nu-le-pa in a neita tanu toh a kitênsah utna lam u’ah Nu.Chingnu toh ana khen u’hi. Ta a nei tuohta u’hi. Lawm lui leh lam lui kihai theilou hiding hiven, Pa Thangpu in a lougal pat in khutkawi tum in akouta hi. Nu.Chingnu in zong la khat a phuo pai a:-
a. Bânzâl sêmkawi Ngai na tongluon,
Na lênlâi lah a bang a, Ngai aw.
b. Lênlai lou buong lou bang tul kuon,
E! donda ta’w, Na bou e! Ngai aw.......a chikhum hiâu a, Pa.Thangpu dîngin agên dîng abeita a, tulâi banga “heart-fail” om hileh Pa.Thangpu bang achi diei aw maw?.
Laigielpa: Phamsa: Pu.ThangKhanLal,
Ex-President,UZO
[ZSP Magazine 1985-86 Vol.IV]
[Tami article gielpa ahileh Hiengtam hausapa Pu.ThangKhoChin tapa Pu.ThangKhanLal ahi.
1944 April ni 10 in a pieng hi.
1968 in Gauhati University nuoi a om D.M College,Imphal ah B A. a zou hi. 1965 Kum a Z.S.P Magazine khatna a Editor masapên ahi.
1967-70, Z S.P President in a pang hi. Zo Literature Society,Chairman leh Secretary in ana pang a lâibu tampi zong agiel hi. Aman a get nuom ahileh i gam sunga Lâisiemte leh i tangvâlte uh khanglou uh benlen lâibu giel lam leh i gam sunga dîngin a siemna uh leh a pilnate uh zang in nasêm u’leh a chînopna ahi hi.]
Zokam,Zo La Had A Great Fall,
All The Zo Khangnous and
All The Zo lâisiems
Cannot Put Zokam, Zola
Together Again.
(With apologies to the unknown author of ‘Humpty,Dumpty). I Zokam uh mang ding hita,I Zola ngaipên, I Sânnêm late midangte’n tang sieng ding hita. I khangnoute leh i lâisiemte un bang e a bawl uh; Zunlou i gam pankâi denta ding amah? ‘Thou un, Thou un Z S.P Seinouguolte chi, a la maimai a sa ding i hi uh amah?.
Zokam leh Zolate gildan leh thuhdân pên leinuoi a suongmanpha kiphuolgu bang ahi. Mângkângte la phuosiem minthang William Wordsworth in ‘Lucy’ kichi nungâh mêl hoi mama, vân âhsi banga tâng, a opna mun in a zillou zieha, a pâhta ding leh ama va dei dîng mi omlou;(a kiphuol zieh-in)luidung suongpi nuoi a om tulpân toh agênte bangin; Zokam leh Zolate zong a lutna(apina) eite’n i mu phâhlou uh a diei aw maw! Manipur solkal(kumpi) in Class V tan ah singtângmite in amauh lâi chiet a kisimthei ding uh chinapi a, eite in laibu sim ching i neilou ziehun i tawi theisih uhhi. Tuaban ah Class X ah zong Vernacular subject a tawi dîng phal nalâi uhhi. Eite’n bang lâibu tawi ding?. Skul(sâng-inn)ah i naupangte un koi lâibu pên a simta ding uoi?. Mi lâibu sim (kawm) in mitesiemna i phajou na ding uoi? I Zo awjapute’n(sangsiete’n) bang lâi a hilta ding uoi?.
Zo Tangval,Zo Tangval Where Have You Been?,
I have been To Lamka To Drink Sekmai,
Zo Tangval, Zo Tangval,
Where Have You Been?,
I Frightened My Parents In The Kitchen
( With apologies again to the author of Pussey Cat. )
ZOKAM HAUSATDÂN
Leitung pumpi a kizang English ngêl sângin zong Zokam a hausazaw hi. Zokam a om tampi English ah a om sih hi. Lungthah chienga kitom tham zong hâm a nei sih u’hi. Awsie zong anei sih u’hi. Gêntêna in ‘Thalkin,Sashi, Dawng chie etc.te English in a kilet thei sih hi. Zokam a ‘Sa shi inlen; thalkin ngîlngêl bou aw” ‘kichi English a let dîng M.A. Double English a first class first khat man lei, a khosanêl in a hum(hlum) ngêingêi dîng hi. English te’n zong a nei sâm uhhi. Hinanleh, Zokam a apha zou sih. A nei sun uh ‘shit, fucking’ chite lel ahi. Ka nêulâi in ka khuo u’ah Khienglâm tangvâl sepai suty khat in zu a hing kham a, tulâi hâm a ‘phutani(tapousah)’ i chite uh sâphâm in a bawl a ‘Faking,faking’(fucking) a chi den kêi sâm hi. Alêna tahtah a kitheilou vângin Japan gâl lâi tan a ka khuo u’a English sepaite na om ahizieh un hâm hoilou ahi chi pên a thei u’hi. English te’n ‘Bastard’kichi khat zong hâmsie a nei phuat u’hi. Ei ngaidân mawh in, Englishte pên mi zâutat ahi uha, ‘bastard’ chite bangin zong va ngai khollou dîngin i gingta uh ahi maithei. Ahi’n a lungthah chiengun mi housietna in a zang vanglah u’hi. ‘Bastard’ pên ‘Zawlta’ china ahi.
Mi a mêl puohdân leh a gamtat, a hâmdan toh etkop in Zokam toh mi a kihousethei a, kipâhna ding zong a kigênthei hi. Englishte’n anei vawt sih u’hi. Lelaw,Pempom,Geigoi,Ngengngong, Ziamzuam,Hiauhuau,Lihleh, Chihteh, Vetvawt, chite English ah a om vawt sih hi.
ZOHÂM KIBANG KIMLOU
Hâm mawngmawng amun leh agam zil in kipâi leh kibelap leh kiheng chite a om thei hi. Zo sungah zong gên ching sih nanleh Hâidawi hâm,Thangkhâl hâm, Khuongnung hâm i chite a pm nelnel hi. I tenna kho minte ahi hi. I suichet tahtah leh Zohâm dihtah pên Hâidawi hâm khu ahi. Bangdînga khokhat a hâm tuom pieng thei e? Nidanglâi in khokhat leh khokhat kikawmna a hâsa a,tulâi banga gari leh lampi zong omlou ahihi. Gâl- leh-sa hât ziehin zong khat leh khat kikawm theilou in a na om u’hi. Hun sawtpi kikawm lou a a op chiengun a khuo a khuo ah hâmsawi kainate ahiei a pieng ahi lel hi. Tuate hâm tuom ahi tuon sih. Hâm pên khosung tangvâl kiphasah khat apatin zong hâm a pieng thei hi. Nupi hâmkhiel ahiei leh mi simmaw pên khat hâmna chiemmui thu in a kizang zang a, a tawp ah hâm piching a suoh thei hi.
Kum 1955 vêl in ka khuo u’ah Kawlgam gâlkâp suty khat in ‘Kisai lou’ kichi khat leh ‘Kullou’ kichi khat a’ng polut hi. Nungâh tangvâl in kiphatsahna in a akizang a, a tawp ah khokîm vêl a mite in zong a zangta a’u,Singngât tâng ah akizang hi. Tuachi mabangin, Tangpizawl khuo ah 1965 vêl in ‘Ngai va doi sih’ kichi a hing kithang hi. Nupi hâm khiel khat kam a kipan lel ahi. Nungâh tangvâl in chiemmuina in a zang uh a, Ngai va roi sih’,Ngai rol sih, chipou in alum let u’a, a ,tawp ah ‘ngâi sih’ chi ahita a, a manna dîng mun tah a i man khâhleh hâm kilawm khat a suohta veve hi. Hâm kiphuothute a man dîng mawng ma ahi. Tuma lam a Tonglawn leh Behieng khotung vêl a kizang hâm khenkhatte ‘Geigui, Kitei aw’ etc. chite zong tuni in a mangta hi.
ZOKAM ANGAI MAMA HI.
Zohâm(Zokam) pên hâm ngai mama khat, hâm kilawm leh tampi kilawmtah a gên theina hâm ahi. Zohâm dihtah a thu kigen in mi lungtang zong a bun hi. Kum 1982 ni khat Moreh leh Tamu kikâl luigei ah ka na khawl a,Tamu nungâh thum Moreh apat hing kile uh,Kei khawlna geitah ah ahing khawl uh a,Zokam chiaset in ang kihou uh a, a sêu sung u’a a van,puohte uh,a vêl u’a ,a nui vangiam u’a, nungâhte mêl hoi ka sah zieh zong hituon lou in,a Zohâm pên uh nal ka sa mama hi. Kei zong hing thei sâm u’leh chi in a min uh ka dong a,a lamkâi nu uh min ‘Nge Nge’ ahi a chi u’a,Tamu a om ka hi uh zong a chi u’hi. Kei tungthu(tanchin) hing dong ta u’leh bang ka chi dawnta de aw?chia ka na kingaisut lâi in,ading uh a,bangma lah ahing dong nawn tuon sih u’a, zumsim mêlpuo in ahing pei santa u’hi.
ZOLATE
Zokam a hausat bangma in Zo late a na gil in a na thûh mama hi. I Khangthu uh, I pu I pate uh bang chibang mi a na hi uoi mah chi zong a la phuote uh i sah chiengin I theithei uhhi. Gêntêna in,la khat:-
a. Ka pienma a mi sîngta aw,
Apieng lah mi omlou e.
b. Luntawi khangtem bang kileh ing, Tung chieng vângkhuo sât ing e.
Ala suichien detdet lachin Khul ah i na têng uh a,Khul apatin leitung I na sât uh chi akilang hi. Azung nua et lachin ‘Ka pien ma a mi sîngta aw,apieng lah mi omlou e’pên ka pien main koima apieng sih achina ahi. Zo kichite mi bul i hi uh chi a kimu chienta hi. Sânnêmla Zolate sungah angaipên ahi hi. Koikoi in sata lehzong Zokam na mangte khu sânnêmla neitu leh akipatnate ahi uhi chia kilang hi. Kum 1957-58 ZângKong,Zo Sângnaupang Pawlpi Magazine Tedim kam a kigiel khat ah lalui, ka nêulâi a ka na zâhsa khat ditahin a’ng kigiel a, ala ahileh:-
a. Thangnêm nuoi a huisi dam lâng,
Khattang tutkhawl lung nei zuongsah ei lâizang chie.
b. Lung nei zuongsah ei maw,
Theilou sîngta ommuong guol tuom,sâm aw kawi lâizang.
chi ahi. Nuom ka sa mama a, aphuopa zong alungdam mama dîngin ka gingta(um) hi.
Atung a toh kikêlkî Magazine khat ka na sim kha lêulêu hi.‘Siamsin Pawlpi Annual Magazine-1969’ ahi. A Heading ah ‘KHANGLUI LATE’ a kichi a, la tampite a phuotute bangta lou in a original apat dei kaina tampi a om hi.
Gêntêna in:
a. Tûn simthu lou vâimâng simthu’n,
Doulâi kullu dîng aw zuong na’ng e.
b. Kei aw zuong na’ng, nâsing nuoi ah,
Limlien gammawngsing ong seel aw.
A phuotu in ‘Limlien gammawngsing aw ei sêl aw:’ a chi hinapi ‘ong seel aw’ a chita hi. Khumbang ma in-
a. Tu-a gammawngsing bang kikawi,
Zîngchieng sam bang khenta dîng aw e.
b. Zîngchieng sam bang khenta dîng aw,
Muolchin sâng pan donleng dîng e,
Don leng dîng aw e........ chi hinapi
‘Tulvum sâng pan donlâi dîng aw e’ chi in a dei kaita zêl hi. A kiphuo banga kigiel nawnlou in a la,la ngai mama hinapi a dauta hi.Ka kingaisut pha,kia a, hun tomkhat zou in kei leh kei a siemlou tanta hi. A gielpa in hasatah a, a sui nua a, a giel khiet ahia, a thei banga agiel ahi chi ka pom hi. Zohâm taluo asah man a, ahen ahizong ka gingta sih. Kei leh kei ka kisiemlou tansahna zieh ahileh, a neitu,a zûntu leh a kêmtu di’a guotte Zo kichite in Sânnêmla pên zûn zoulou, kêm zoulou ahi zieha, adihtaha, kigiel theilou hiin ka theita hi.Zolate ah ‘Lahâmtengte’ a tuom in a om hi. English leh kam dangte ah lahâmtengte a om sih chi thei ahi. Lahâmtengte toh la kisa in, lungtang a bun deu hi. English ngêl hou bangma a om sih hi. ‘Kang ngâi hi’ chi leh ‘I love You’ a chi lel hi. Zokam in chi lei ‘Mu bang hing ngâi ve’ng’ ahiei i chi u’a,a lûzaw hi. ‘Selung zuong e’ bang English in gên hâhsapi ahi. Pasien lah Sienmâng i chi u’a,Mângkângte’n God a achi u’a a henna dîng kân a om sih hi. Hichibang tampi a om hi. Kamteng a, a gênngamloute uh, la in a gên u’hi. Kingai thu hi in,kimuda thu hi in, bang thu bang thu hitaleh, kam a gên sâng in la a, a gênte in abunzaw hi.
Ni khat Nu.Chingnu ama ngen in lou ana hou(hlou) hi. Pa .Thangpu gamvâh lâi Nu.Chingnu te lou ah ahing suoh hi. Nu Chingnu in ama ngen in a hou(hlou) hi. Pa.Thangpu in gâl apat a gâlmu hi. A nungâh-tangvâl lâi u’a, ana kingâi kha uh ahi. Pa.Thangpu nu-le-pa in a neita tanu toh a kitênsah utna lam u’ah Nu.Chingnu toh ana khen u’hi. Ta a nei tuohta u’hi. Lawm lui leh lam lui kihai theilou hiding hiven, Pa Thangpu in a lougal pat in khutkawi tum in akouta hi. Nu.Chingnu in zong la khat a phuo pai a:-
a. Bânzâl sêmkawi Ngai na tongluon,
Na lênlâi lah a bang a, Ngai aw.
b. Lênlai lou buong lou bang tul kuon,
E! donda ta’w, Na bou e! Ngai aw.......a chikhum hiâu a, Pa.Thangpu dîngin agên dîng abeita a, tulâi banga “heart-fail” om hileh Pa.Thangpu bang achi diei aw maw?.
Laigielpa: Phamsa: Pu.ThangKhanLal,
Ex-President,UZO
[ZSP Magazine 1985-86 Vol.IV]
[Tami article gielpa ahileh Hiengtam hausapa Pu.ThangKhoChin tapa Pu.ThangKhanLal ahi.
1944 April ni 10 in a pieng hi.
1968 in Gauhati University nuoi a om D.M College,Imphal ah B A. a zou hi. 1965 Kum a Z.S.P Magazine khatna a Editor masapên ahi.
1967-70, Z S.P President in a pang hi. Zo Literature Society,Chairman leh Secretary in ana pang a lâibu tampi zong agiel hi. Aman a get nuom ahileh i gam sunga Lâisiemte leh i tangvâlte uh khanglou uh benlen lâibu giel lam leh i gam sunga dîngin a siemna uh leh a pilnate uh zang in nasêm u’leh a chînopna ahi hi.]
NÂNTAL leh NEINO by Philip Thanglienmâng
I) NÂNTAL,NEINO LA DÎNGA KICHIELNA leh A HÂT A LAHNA
Asun a zân nâu bang kap luonhli li bang ching e
‘Ka vondei lênmuol khup langam a opleh;
Ngatûh lulvoh tuolthapieh vâng e,
Tângmansî pheh gol dim toh zalui,
Zubêl sawm toh mêsah vâng aw e,
Vonnu lie khangthei bang lou vânin,
Zuopa gounei lam kuom bang luo va!
Atun vângkhuo tângguol zatam mal bang kou e,
Lumsiel vânlai zawl ah lehtou u’aw chi e,
Lumsiel tuollei tuongtun mateng bawl in aw;
Tongsu saba lulvoh thâu nejou aw e,
Tongsu sielki ningzu dim dawnjou aw e,
Tângmansî bêl aletdim nejou aw e
Lênmuol jamvâu ngâthun thalpi’n kâptan aw,
Sâumâng dung,sâumâng vâi kân khat jou aw e,
Sâulim dawnvum,dawnvum sâulim sângkhup aw e,
Sumpi tûmkêh,suhtai sagi palsan aw chi e.
Atun chinthu lêl tângguol’n pal bang nangla,
Nântal aninu hiengkawm khotuol tâm e,
Nâudei Nântal in pal bang nangjou va e,
Mal bang kou u’aw,kou u’aw aninu’n chi e.
Nântal zeitha hât e aw, mung bang khau e,
Thalpi kâpsiem e,teipi khawsiem e aw,
Nounei ann bang ît zâl zeitha zûn panta e,
Amun zâng a,alumsiel lehtoutou e.
Avânzawl a, alumsiel khâimu bang lâm,
Avânzawl a,zin bang thânmlâi in,
Tongsu saba lulvoh thâu nejou e,
Tongsu sielki ningzu dim dawnjou e.
Tângmansî bêl adimlet nejou e,
Lênmuol jamvâu ngâthun akâptan e,
Sâumâng dung,sâumâng vâi akânjou e,
Sâulim dawnvum,dawnvum sâulim sângkhup e,
Sumpi tûmkêh,suhtai sagi palsanta e.
2
Background [I]:- Neinou anu in alawmte toh singpo dîngin asawl a,Neinou in anu ngânhuonna dingin sil gilgil atom a,alawmte’n gamlah ah amatang in anuasie ta hi.
Asing gih mama ahijiehin akipatjouta sih a,gâl lam a tomi tânghawlpa apat dîngin achiel hi. Tomipa’n Neinou singpuoh apat lâi in amanu samzam zang khat abotdoh hi.
Neinou a inn atun in agilna in damlou in akipêhta hi.
Anu’n athoidam thei ding asuisui vangin amujou siha,athoidam a upleh atanu toh akitêngsah ding hi, achi pên Tomipa’n ajâh chiengin athoidam ding akipan a,amanu luzâng tungah asamzam aphutkia a, tuachiin adamsah a akinungta gêl a anu’n tunas atha hi. Ahivangin,apei nua un, Neinounu pên atanu ngâi sêngsêng in lungzuong in mâumâu ngîtngêt hi. Khosung tangvâlte atanu lading in achiel hi.
Background[II]: Nântal in Neinou ataipi,nitâh khomiel jouin tungvum pang khat ah akibu gêl hi. Tomipa’n a’ng nuadeldel a,tua tungvum pang langkhat ah alumta hi. Tomipa âinei ahijiehin amaute gêl mu ngeingei man teitei ding ahi chi athei man un Pasien leh Lungzai akikumkhawm uhhi.
II)PASIEN leh LUNGZAI KIHOUNA
Thangvân Sienmâng,Zailung houlungkum u’e.
Saliem e? miliem e? pal bang nan dîng koi?
Saliem e? miliem e? lum bang sun dîng koi?
Sato,saliem,satawn m u’n,
Azâng a atuo azâng ah anê e,
Akên a atuo akên ah anê e,
Akawm a atuo akawm ah anê e,
Saliem in,tohtoh nesuhthop maisuhthop e,
Ei hang theilou e,lungdam ngailou e.
Nanleh miliem’n min thei bang lou zêl e,
Sabeu lienlien butang lienlien,
Zutui satui pe masa e,
‘Ka Pasien na tai,ka lungzai na tai aw’ chie
Zailung lêng e; ‘Miliem hûm vâi chi e.
Nântal mâimit khuoimu tuo lâm ziziei lâl hie,
Lâl hie tunglâm khuoimu na nâmtempha tawi,
Bânzâl sang vâtsan bantan vâtsan pailien in!
Anâmtempha lehpai khuoimu nitunsuo e
Vûmtung kêntawng nitun kilia kilia kilia khoungawn e,
Amuol-ahaw vân bang touthawn e thawn e,
Ami-asa lâm bang kipâh Zolei ah.
3
III)NÂNTAL leh NEINOU VÂNTUNG A, ÂHSINI ASUONA U H
Gûngâl vângla phûmta u’e,
Gam mawngsing apou e,
Abâzâm mêngmêng gûngâl ah,
Phamsa nigêl ngai nalâi u’e
Mawng bawhkâi zâmkhawm u’e,
Gûngâl pansa kikawi u’e,
Kikawi u’e,kikawi u’e,kikawi nalâi u’e
Gam mawngsing phua e,ami’n sâtsât u’e,
Amawng apua mawngmawng lou e,
Khuoi bang hang asâtsât tel,
Atenten nên tumsing dimdem u ‘e,
Tumsing tumphuol taw u’e tawla u’e,
Kuong aw kuong aw chi u’e, kuonglou e.
Zeitha tawl sunkhing annphêl nê’n,
Singhîm nuoi ah tutkhawl u’e,
Tulsingpi puasuh vungvung e,
Vângkhuo guol zatam lâilou e
Sunkhing ann ne u’e ahiengtung ah,
Kâmmei sêm e, kuongmei kângtum e,
Kuongmei vângkhuo guol zatam lâilou e
Tungthangvân zawl ah tânglâm u’e,
Si-al vângkhuo nunnuom lâi ah buol kumtawnta u’e,
Si-al nêlkâi nigêl vângkhozawl ah êm singseng denlâi u’e,
Si-al nigêl êm singseng telingleng pheliplep etlawm u’e.
4
Thuteng poimawte:-
vângkhuo=khuo tângguol=tangvâl lumsiel=siellum
tongsu=khuttawng khat lulvoh=voh saba=sabeu,satan
ningzu=zu tângmansî=bumansî lênmuol=muol
jamvâu=vâu,vâujam sâumâng=inn sâulim=inn
dawnvum=innkhum vum sumpi=butang suhna sum suhtai=busuhna suh
hiengkawm=nuakawm zeitha=tha,zaitha lehtou=septou
Nounei=Neinou khâimu=mu avânzawl=vânlâi
thangvân=vântung Sienmâng=Pasien Zailung=Lungzai saliem=gamsa,sahâng miliem=mihing,mi houlungkum=kihou
satawn=gamsa tohtoh=mumu sabeu=saba
vûmtung=tungvûm khoungawn=shi bânzâl=khut
lâl=mêlma,gâl nitunsuo=tunni suo tumsing=tumphuol singtun
tenten=sât nel tumphuol=meiphuol lâilou=shi
sunkhing ann=sun ann kâmmei=meikâm si-al=âhsi
nêlkâi=bawhkâi vângkhozawl=khozawl êm=tânsiem
lungdam ngailou=kipâhdân theilou nâmtempha=temsâu,nâmsau
Asun a zân nâu bang kap luonhli li bang ching e
‘Ka vondei lênmuol khup langam a opleh;
Ngatûh lulvoh tuolthapieh vâng e,
Tângmansî pheh gol dim toh zalui,
Zubêl sawm toh mêsah vâng aw e,
Vonnu lie khangthei bang lou vânin,
Zuopa gounei lam kuom bang luo va!
Atun vângkhuo tângguol zatam mal bang kou e,
Lumsiel vânlai zawl ah lehtou u’aw chi e,
Lumsiel tuollei tuongtun mateng bawl in aw;
Tongsu saba lulvoh thâu nejou aw e,
Tongsu sielki ningzu dim dawnjou aw e,
Tângmansî bêl aletdim nejou aw e
Lênmuol jamvâu ngâthun thalpi’n kâptan aw,
Sâumâng dung,sâumâng vâi kân khat jou aw e,
Sâulim dawnvum,dawnvum sâulim sângkhup aw e,
Sumpi tûmkêh,suhtai sagi palsan aw chi e.
Atun chinthu lêl tângguol’n pal bang nangla,
Nântal aninu hiengkawm khotuol tâm e,
Nâudei Nântal in pal bang nangjou va e,
Mal bang kou u’aw,kou u’aw aninu’n chi e.
Nântal zeitha hât e aw, mung bang khau e,
Thalpi kâpsiem e,teipi khawsiem e aw,
Nounei ann bang ît zâl zeitha zûn panta e,
Amun zâng a,alumsiel lehtoutou e.
Avânzawl a, alumsiel khâimu bang lâm,
Avânzawl a,zin bang thânmlâi in,
Tongsu saba lulvoh thâu nejou e,
Tongsu sielki ningzu dim dawnjou e.
Tângmansî bêl adimlet nejou e,
Lênmuol jamvâu ngâthun akâptan e,
Sâumâng dung,sâumâng vâi akânjou e,
Sâulim dawnvum,dawnvum sâulim sângkhup e,
Sumpi tûmkêh,suhtai sagi palsanta e.
2
Background [I]:- Neinou anu in alawmte toh singpo dîngin asawl a,Neinou in anu ngânhuonna dingin sil gilgil atom a,alawmte’n gamlah ah amatang in anuasie ta hi.
Asing gih mama ahijiehin akipatjouta sih a,gâl lam a tomi tânghawlpa apat dîngin achiel hi. Tomipa’n Neinou singpuoh apat lâi in amanu samzam zang khat abotdoh hi.
Neinou a inn atun in agilna in damlou in akipêhta hi.
Anu’n athoidam thei ding asuisui vangin amujou siha,athoidam a upleh atanu toh akitêngsah ding hi, achi pên Tomipa’n ajâh chiengin athoidam ding akipan a,amanu luzâng tungah asamzam aphutkia a, tuachiin adamsah a akinungta gêl a anu’n tunas atha hi. Ahivangin,apei nua un, Neinounu pên atanu ngâi sêngsêng in lungzuong in mâumâu ngîtngêt hi. Khosung tangvâlte atanu lading in achiel hi.
Background[II]: Nântal in Neinou ataipi,nitâh khomiel jouin tungvum pang khat ah akibu gêl hi. Tomipa’n a’ng nuadeldel a,tua tungvum pang langkhat ah alumta hi. Tomipa âinei ahijiehin amaute gêl mu ngeingei man teitei ding ahi chi athei man un Pasien leh Lungzai akikumkhawm uhhi.
II)PASIEN leh LUNGZAI KIHOUNA
Thangvân Sienmâng,Zailung houlungkum u’e.
Saliem e? miliem e? pal bang nan dîng koi?
Saliem e? miliem e? lum bang sun dîng koi?
Sato,saliem,satawn m u’n,
Azâng a atuo azâng ah anê e,
Akên a atuo akên ah anê e,
Akawm a atuo akawm ah anê e,
Saliem in,tohtoh nesuhthop maisuhthop e,
Ei hang theilou e,lungdam ngailou e.
Nanleh miliem’n min thei bang lou zêl e,
Sabeu lienlien butang lienlien,
Zutui satui pe masa e,
‘Ka Pasien na tai,ka lungzai na tai aw’ chie
Zailung lêng e; ‘Miliem hûm vâi chi e.
Nântal mâimit khuoimu tuo lâm ziziei lâl hie,
Lâl hie tunglâm khuoimu na nâmtempha tawi,
Bânzâl sang vâtsan bantan vâtsan pailien in!
Anâmtempha lehpai khuoimu nitunsuo e
Vûmtung kêntawng nitun kilia kilia kilia khoungawn e,
Amuol-ahaw vân bang touthawn e thawn e,
Ami-asa lâm bang kipâh Zolei ah.
3
III)NÂNTAL leh NEINOU VÂNTUNG A, ÂHSINI ASUONA U H
Gûngâl vângla phûmta u’e,
Gam mawngsing apou e,
Abâzâm mêngmêng gûngâl ah,
Phamsa nigêl ngai nalâi u’e
Mawng bawhkâi zâmkhawm u’e,
Gûngâl pansa kikawi u’e,
Kikawi u’e,kikawi u’e,kikawi nalâi u’e
Gam mawngsing phua e,ami’n sâtsât u’e,
Amawng apua mawngmawng lou e,
Khuoi bang hang asâtsât tel,
Atenten nên tumsing dimdem u ‘e,
Tumsing tumphuol taw u’e tawla u’e,
Kuong aw kuong aw chi u’e, kuonglou e.
Zeitha tawl sunkhing annphêl nê’n,
Singhîm nuoi ah tutkhawl u’e,
Tulsingpi puasuh vungvung e,
Vângkhuo guol zatam lâilou e
Sunkhing ann ne u’e ahiengtung ah,
Kâmmei sêm e, kuongmei kângtum e,
Kuongmei vângkhuo guol zatam lâilou e
Tungthangvân zawl ah tânglâm u’e,
Si-al vângkhuo nunnuom lâi ah buol kumtawnta u’e,
Si-al nêlkâi nigêl vângkhozawl ah êm singseng denlâi u’e,
Si-al nigêl êm singseng telingleng pheliplep etlawm u’e.
4
Thuteng poimawte:-
vângkhuo=khuo tângguol=tangvâl lumsiel=siellum
tongsu=khuttawng khat lulvoh=voh saba=sabeu,satan
ningzu=zu tângmansî=bumansî lênmuol=muol
jamvâu=vâu,vâujam sâumâng=inn sâulim=inn
dawnvum=innkhum vum sumpi=butang suhna sum suhtai=busuhna suh
hiengkawm=nuakawm zeitha=tha,zaitha lehtou=septou
Nounei=Neinou khâimu=mu avânzawl=vânlâi
thangvân=vântung Sienmâng=Pasien Zailung=Lungzai saliem=gamsa,sahâng miliem=mihing,mi houlungkum=kihou
satawn=gamsa tohtoh=mumu sabeu=saba
vûmtung=tungvûm khoungawn=shi bânzâl=khut
lâl=mêlma,gâl nitunsuo=tunni suo tumsing=tumphuol singtun
tenten=sât nel tumphuol=meiphuol lâilou=shi
sunkhing ann=sun ann kâmmei=meikâm si-al=âhsi
nêlkâi=bawhkâi vângkhozawl=khozawl êm=tânsiem
lungdam ngailou=kipâhdân theilou nâmtempha=temsâu,nâmsau
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